Cancer is still one of the major diseases threatening human life and health. At present, how to achieve precise diagnosis and treatment of tumors is the biggest challenge in cancer treatment. Prodrugs use the tumor specificity of targeting molecules to deliver anticancer drugs to tumor sites, which can effectively improve drug bioavailability, therapeutic efficacy and safety, and are currently a hot spot in the research and development of anticancer drugs. The targeting molecules of prodrugs mainly include nucleic acid aptamers, polymers, antibodies, polypeptides, etc. Among them, polypeptides have the advantages of good biocompatibility, controllable degradation performance, high in vivo responsiveness, and simple and easy preparation methods, and are widely used. It is used to construct peptide-drug conjugates (PDC) prodrugs to achieve targeted therapy of tumors. In recent years, with the development of phage peptide library technology and peptide standard solid-phase synthesis technology, more and more targeted peptides have been discovered and effectively synthesized and modified, providing strong support for the development of PDC. This review briefly introduces the types and functions of functional peptides and linkers in PDC, and discusses the application of PDC in chemotherapy, immunotherapy and photodynamic therapy in tumor targeted diagnosis and treatment, and finally summarizes the difficulties faced by PDC drug development.

ObjectiveTo investigate whether immune adjuvant can enhance the immunity of dendritic cell vaccine against murine breast cancer. Methods4 groups of mice with tumor are injected saline, immume adjuvant, dendritic cell (DC) vaccine and DC vaccine coupled with immune vaccine, respectively. Tumor volume and weight are measured 21 d later.ResultsThe tumor size in the DC vaccine coupled with immune vaccine group was significantly small compared with control group (P=0.001) and the DC vaccine group (P=0.047).ConclusionImmune adjuvant can enhance the immunity of dendritic cell vaccine against murine breast cancer.

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14 ; Humans ; Ring Chromosomes ; Syndrome

Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Injections, Intralesional ; Interferon-alpha ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Recombinant Proteins ; Treatment Outcome

Background Tight junctions are thought to play a significant role in the maintenance of the corneal epithelial defense for the eye,and the restoration of the tight junctions is critical during epithelial wound healing after refractive surgery.However,there are few reports about this study. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the expression of occludin in corneal epithelium following flap-free epipolis laser insitu keratomileusis (Epi-LASIK) and laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy ( LASEK ). Methods Forty-eight clean New Zealand white rabbits were randomized into 2 groups,and 24 rabbits for each group.Flap-free Epi-LASIK and LASEK were performed in the right eyes of the rabbits in two groups,and other 2 age matched normal rabbits were as normal controls.The animals were sacrificed and the corneal samples were obtained at 1,2,3,5 days after surgery.Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of occludin in the corneal epithelium,and RT-PCR was used to identify the level of occludin mRNA in the central cornea. Results Occludin protein was expressed innormal corneal epithelium and showed the green fluorescence with the regular arrangement.The fluorescence intensity was lower in 1 -2 days in LASEK group with the irregular arrangement;while the fluorescence signal in corneal epithelium was stronger in flap-free Epi-LASIK group.3-5 days after surgery,the fluorescence intensities were bothenhanced in two groups.RT-PCR showed that the relative expression of occludin mRNA in corneal epithelium was 0.11 ±0.02,0.25 ± 0.03,0.43 ± 0.04 in LASEK group 1,2,3 days after surgery,respectively,and was lower than those of flap-free Epi-LASIK group ( 0.20± 0.04,0.44 ± 0.04,0.76 ± 0.04 ),showing significant differences between these two groups ( t =6.476,12.898,17.315,P＜ 0.05 ).No significant difference was seen in the expression of occludin mRNA in 5 days after surgery between two groups( t=-0.733,P＞0.05).The relative values of occludin mRNA expression in corneal epithelium were gradually increased with time prolongation,presenting a significant difference among various time points ( Ftime =768.903,P =0.000). Conclusions The reformation of occludin in flap-free Epi-LASIK group is faster than that in LASEK group.Therefore,flap-free Epi-LASIK is prominant in reducing the stimulated symptoms and complication after the surgery.

Objective To make a comprehensive evaluation of nano-composite of poly(L-lactide) and surface grafted hydroxyapatite(PLLA/PLLA-gHA) as a new material.Methods According to the evaluated critera of medical implanted materials biology and animal trial recommended in GB/T 16886 and IS0 10993 criterion,the new material was carried out on acute systemic toxicity test,haemolysis test,muscular implantation test and subcutaneous injection test.The extract liquid of new material was injected into mice by vena caudalis to test common station,toxic reaction of it at different time,the results were used to evaluate the acute systemic toxicity.Fresh anticoagulant cony blood was mixed with extract liquid of new material with density of 100 g?L-1 to measure each absorbance with spectrophotometer and work out the corresponding rate of haemolysis.The red punctuation and hydropsia of rabbits were observed at different time by subcuntaneous injecting extract liquid into the back of rabbits.PLLA/PLLA-gHA composite plates were implanted into the sacrospinal muscle of rabbits.Cony venous blood was extracted to detect indicatrix of hematology at diferrent time.The material and surrounded tissues were taken out from animals at the 14th,30th,60th,90th,180th,360th day to examine anatomic and pathological changes.Results Rabbits with PLLA/PLLA-gHA composite had good general condition.There was no any acute systemic toxicity in vivo.Data of AST and Scr had no significant difference between experimental group and control group.The hemolysis rate of extrac liquid was 1.22%,which was under the standard criteria(5%).No red punctuation and light hydropsia were observed at different time in the subcutaneous injection test.The inflammation cytochange of PLLA/PLLA-gHA composite group was similar with that of control group in early days,which was met with the general regularity of inflammatory outcome.The fibrosis membrane surrounding the PLLA/PLLA-gHA composite became thinner gradually with the elongation of implantation time.The fibrosis membrane grew into the material at the 360th day.The degree of the fibrosis membrane was below class Ⅰ.Conclusion The new absorbable type PLLA/PLLA-gHA composite has excellent biocompatibility and security.

Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Subclavian Vein ; abnormalities

Actins ; metabolism ; Angiomyolipoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Epiglottis ; Factor VIII ; metabolism ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Hypothyroidism ; genetics ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Thyroid Hormone ; genetics

Objective To investigate the changes of lymphocyte subsets before and after the treatment with operation and chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer.Methods Using cytometer to measure lymphocyte subsets of CD3+,CD4+, CD8+,CD4+/CD8+ and NK of 25 breast cancer patients before and after treatment.The all 25 patients were treated with operation and chemotherapy after pathological diagnosis.The article compared the figures of T cell subsets before and after treatment.Results Compared with before operation and chemotherapy,the CD8+ statistically decreased after 1~3 months of treatment (t=2.57),and NK statistically increased after 3~6 (t=-2.23).After 6 months of treatment,the patients’ CD3+(t=-2.25),CD4+(t=-2.07)were statistically lower and NK (t=-3.56)was statistically higher.There was no significant difference for other items.Conclusion Lymphocyte subsets test against breast cancer patients can reflect immuni-ty level at a certain level during treatment.But how to explain the figures in different stage against treatment effectiveness and prognosis need further research.