Aim To examine the protective effects of allopregnanolone against seizure on different animal models.Methods　The protective effects of allopregnanolone against maximal electrical seizure (MES) and picrotoxin-induced seizure were studied in C57 mice 15 minutes after vehicle or drug intraperitoneal administration.Results　In the MES test, we found that pretreatment with the phenobarbital or allopregnanolone produced a dose-dependent protective effect against seizure. The potency (ED50 value) of phenobarbital in the MES test was 2.40 mg·kg-1, with 95% confidence interval range from 1.22 to 4.72 mg·kg-1. The potency (ED50 value) of allopregnanolone in the MES test was 0.086 mg·kg-1, with 95%confidence interval range from 0.037 to 0.201 mg·kg-1, which was significantly higher than that of phenobarbital (P<0.01). The combination study of half ED50 values of phenobarbital and allopregnanolone resulted in a 80% of protective effect in MES test, which was higher than 50% produced by either phenobarbital or allopregnanolone at their ED50 values respectively. This result indicated that there was a synergism between phenobarbital and allopregnanolone in their anticonvulsant activities. In the picrotoxin test, we found that pretreatment with the allopregnanolone also produced a dose-dependent protective effect against picrotoxin-induced seizure. The potency of allopregnanolone in the picrotoxin seizure test was 0.123 mg·kg-1, with 95% confidence interval range from 0.058 to 0.263 mg·kg-1.Conclusion　Allopregnanolone(ip) could protect different seizures in a dose-dependent manner,had a higher potency than phenobarbital,and had synergism with phenobarbital in the MES test.

Aim To examine the protective effects of allopregnanolone against seizure on different animal models.Methods The protective effects of allopregnanolone against maximal electrical seizure (MES) and picrotoxin-induced seizure were studied in C57 mice 15 minutes after vehicle or drug intraperitoneal administration.Results In the MES test, we found that pretreatment with the phenobarbital or allopregnanolone produced a dose-dependent protective effect against seizure. The potency (ED50 value) of phenobarbital in the MES test was 2.40 mg?kg-1, with 95% confidence interval range from 1.22 to 4.72 mg?kg-1. The potency (ED50 value) of allopregnanolone in the MES test was 0.086 mg?kg-1, with 95% confidence interval range from 0.037 to 0.201 mg?kg-1, which was significantly higher than that of phenobarbital (P

Objective:To explore the protective effects and mechanisms of salidroside on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in middle cerebral artery occlusive(MCAO)rats.Methods:Focal cerebral ischemia in rats was produced by 1.5 h occlusion of the middle cerebral artery and 24 h reperfusion.Salidroside was administered intravenously immediately after occlusion and reperfusion respectively.The neurologic deficit scores were investigated according to Zea-Longa's Standard.The infarct areas were assessed with software Imagepro Plus 6.0 after TTC staining.And the activities of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)as well as glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)were determined by specific kit.The levels of B cell lymphoma/lewkmia-2(Bcl-2)and Bcl-2 assaciated X protein(Bax)in central neutral system were assessed by western blot.Results:Compared with the model group,salidroside could decrease the neurologic deficit score,reduced the infarct areas of the brain in MCAO-I/R rats,increased the activity of GSH-Px and decreased the activity of iNOS,enhanced the expression of Bcl-2,depressed the expression of Bax.Conclusion:Salidroside has a protective effect on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and this effect is related to attenuating lipid peroxidation,enhancing the expression of Bcl-2 and diminishing Bax expression.

Animals ; Body Weight ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Gastrointestinal Transit ; drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reishi

AIM: To study the inhibitory effects of domestic leuprolide acetate microsphere (LE-ms) on the growth of explanted endometrium in the rat models of EMT and its possible mechanisms. METHODS: The 60 rats models of EMT were induced surgically by the Jones method. Then the animals were treated with LE (20 ?g? -1?d -1,28 d,sc) , enanton(20 ?g? -1?d -1,sc) and domestic LE-ms (2, 20, and 200 ?g㎏ -1?d -1,sc), respectively; another 30 rats were divided into sham group(N.S, 1 ml?kg -1?d -1,21 d,sc), EMT+ LE group(100 ?g?kg -1?d -1,21 d,sc)and EMT group(N.S, 1 ml?kg -1?d -1,21 d,sc). At the same time, estrous cycle was monitored daily by examination of vaginal cytologic smears. After 3 weeks, blood was drawn and the serum estradiol concentration was assayed. The volume of endometrial implant was assessed. Lateral uterus, bilateral ovary, thymus and spleen were weighed. The NK cell cytotoxicity in the spleen was evaluated with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. RESULTS: Implants in control group continued to grow, while those in groups treated with the drugs showed remarkable atrophy. The inhibitory rates were 87.2%, 78.3%, 57.3%, 89.0% and 94.7%, respectively. The regular estrous cycle of the model rats was abolished and serum estradiol reduced (P0.05); and the NK cells activity was enhanced(P

Objective To explore the clinical and pathologic features of Langerhans cell histiocytosis(LCH).Method Thirty-eight cases of LCH from both in hospital and outpatient department in dermatology and pediatry department from Jan.1991 to Jun.2006 were analyzed about the features of clinic,pathology and immunohistochemistry.Results The mean age of onset was 2.18 years old.The male /female ratio was 1.71.Skin lesions occurred in 78.9% of the patients.Among them,68.5% were as the first manifestation.The eruptions mainly distributed on trunk,90% of them presented as hemorrhagic maculopapules,nevertheless,3.3% of the eruptions showed as crust with hilar depression,which was similar to pityriasis lichenoides etvarioliformis acuta.Fever,hepatomegalia and splenomegia occurred in patients at a rate of 60.5%,68.4%,55.3% respectively.Thirty-one point six percent of the patients had got lymphadenectasis,the neck and inguinal lymph nodes were the common site to be affected.Ossature involvement occurred in 31.6% of the patients,which 8.3% got multiple injuries,howe-ver,91.7% got a solitary bone involved.Skull was the main site to be injured,else were lumbar,humerus,hipbone,an so on.Respiratory tract,auditory canal,mucosa were also the sites involved in this disease,but the incidence rate was lower than 10%,respectively.The laboratory data showed that 81.3% of the patients were anaemia,60.7% with abnormal subgroup of T-cell,and 32.1% positive for EBV-IgG.The skin histopathology data of 26/30 cases revealed that lichenoid infiltrates of Langerhans cells confined to the upper dermis.Cytologic features were cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasms,and longitudinally grooved or reniform nuclei.Lymphocytes and a few eosinophils also could be seen.Four cases of thirty showed that the proliferative Langerhans cells were with pale cytoplasms,besides,there were numerous eosinophils,and sometimes a few multinucleate cells were scattered.The immunity test of 20 cases of thirty displayed that CD1a(+)S100(+)KP-1(-).Biopsy of lymphaden and tumor of the skull of the rest 8 patients were all diagnosed as eosinophilic granuloma through both hematoxylin and eosin-stained section and immune marks.Conclusions Multiple systems can be involved in LCH.Hemorrhagic maculopapules,fever and splenohepatomegalia are common presentations in this disease.The morphous of nucles of histiocytes is particular,and to diagnose definitely,both CD1a(+) and S-100(+) are needed.

BACKGROUND: When the dynamic equilibrium between oxidation system and anti-oxidation system in the body is upset, the overly produced active oxygen-derived free radicals will attack the target organs, thus resulting in the damage to organs and big molecules, and then diseases. Total anti-oxidation capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity are the majorindexes for the defense system of the body, and their status is closely related to diseases. OBJECTIVE:To explore the level of T-AOC, SOD and NOS in serum,and find out its relationship with lifestyle. DESIGN:Single sample investigation. SETTING:Department of Health Laboratory Technology, College of Public Health of Harbin Medical University. PARTICIPANTS:Totally 531 residents of Bin County aged 20 to 70years were recruited between September 2000 and May2001. MATERIALS:The reagents kits of T-AOC, SOD and NOS were manufactured by Nanjing Jiancheng Bio-engineering Institute. METHODS:The investigators surveyed the residents with the same questionnaire. Questionnaire was made and the investigators were trained in advance. The questionnaire was filled in item by item as required. Questionnaire items consisted of the general situation, financial status, dietary habit, hobby, status of health care, and mental factor. Finally 95 investigation indexes were completed. The activity of serum T-AOC, SOD and NOS of the 531 residents in Bin County was determined, respectively, with reagent kits produced by Nanjing Jiancheng Bio-engineering Institute. The lifestyle factors were analyzed by multivariate stepwise regression analysis,and informed consent was obtained from the participants. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURFS:① Serum T-AOC, SOD and NOS in the participants; ② lifestyle factors affecting T-AOC, SOD and NOS.RFSULTS:According to actual analysis, the 531 participants entered the results analysis. T-AOC was measured in 489 participants, SOD in 525participants, and NOS in 531 participants. ① Indexes of the participants:T-AOC of the males was obviously higher than that of the females [(20.01±7.21), (15.25±6.22) kU/L, P ＜ 0.05]. SOD of the males was slightly lower than that of the females while NOS of the males was slightly higher than that of the females, but there was no significant difference. ②Multivariate stepwise regression analysis showed that risk factors related to T-AOC were gender difference (OR=2.188), educational level (OR=1.859),and the presence of rheumatism, respectively (OR =1.142). SOD-related risk factors were educational level (OR=1.584), years of spirit drinking (OR =1.048), presence of nephritis (OR=1.093), and irradiation (OR=1.770);frequency of tea drinking was a beneficial factor (OR=0.800). NOS-related risk factors were the average amount of cigarette smoking (OR=1.194) and the times of weekly spirit drinking (OR=1.368). However, the beneficial factor that affected serum NOS was the frequency of weekly mutton eating (OR=0.458) CONCLUSION:This experiment revealed that the ability to clean free radical in the 531 subjects was good and that it was better in males than in females. The increased educational level and presence of rheumatism can decrease T-AOC. Drinking, smoking and irradiation decrease SOD activity while the frequency of tea drinking and mutton eating are beneficial factors.

AIM: To study the effect of genistein on c-myc mRNA expression induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) in human vascular endothelial cells (ECV304). METHODS: LDL were isolated from healthy human plasma by gradient ultracentrifugation and oxidized by CuSO4. ECV304 cells were exposed to ox-LDL 200 mg*L-1 in the presence or absence of genistein 100 μmol*L-1 for 1, 2, and 4 h in vitro. Northern blot was employed to measure c-myc mRNA levels of ECV304. RESULTS: In response to ox-LDL 200 mg*L-1, c-myc mRNA expression in ECV304 increased by 3 fold for 1h and 3.3 fold for 2 h and decreased below the control level at 4 h. Expressions of c-myc stimulated by ox-LDL in the presence of genistein 100 μmol*L-1 for 1 h and 2 h were separately 80 percent and 60 percent of that in the absence of genistein 100 μmol*L-1. CONCLUSION: Genistein can effectively inhibit c-myc mRNA expression in ECV304 induced by ox-LDL.

To compare the anxiolytic effects of reduced metabolite of progesterone and benzodiazepine.Methods　The effects of allopregnanolone and diazepam on spontaneous locomotor activity and on exploration in the elevated plus-maze were studied in C57 mice 20 min after vehicle or drug intraperitoneal administration.Results Allopregnanolone (0.1 mg.kg-1,ip) elicited marked anxiolytic effects in terms of significantly reducing the latency to enter the open arm from (31.30±8.39)s to (8.80±6.00)s,(P<0.001),and significantly increasing both the number of open arm entries from 1.20 ± 0.42 to 4.80 ±1.75,(P<0.001) and the proportion of total time spent on the open arm from 7.13％ to 32.50％,(P<0.001).Meanwhile,the diazepam (0.25 mg·kg-1) produced a lower anxiolytic effect comparing to that of the allopregnanolone.Analysis of spontaneous locomotor activity showed while 0.5 mg·kg-1 of diazepam decreased the locomotor activity (P<0.01),neither 0.1 mg·kg-1 of allopregnanolone nor 0.25 mg·kg-1 of diazepam affect the locomotor activity score.Conclusion Together,these results provide evidence for differential behavioral actions of the neurosteroids and benzodiazepines.Since the allopregnanolone produce a selective anxiolytic effect without affecting the spontaneous locomotor activity,the allopregnanolone may be a better alternative for diazepam in treating anxiety.

Objective To understand the adherence to current treatment guidelines after training in man-agement of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) in emergency department (ED),and to assess the patients' prognosis. Methods Were ED doctors trained with a standard management flow-sheet for AECOPD. The treatment of 152 AECOPD patients recruited from November 1,2008 to April 30,2009 in our hospital and their prognosis were compared to those of 133 AECOPD patients who were treated between Novem-ber 1,0007 to April 30,2008. Results After training, the ED doctors' management of AECOPD is more standard. The rate of the combination of inhaled anticholinergics and short-acting β_2-agonists was increased from 12.0% (16/133) to 27.6% (42/152), the use of inhaled glucocorticosteroids was increased from 52.6% (70/133) to 88.8% (135/152), and the early use of noninvasive imermittent positive pressure ventilation(NIPPV) for the mod-erate to severe was increased from 10.5% (14/133) to 16.4% (25/152). The use of theophylline was decreased from 69.2% (92/133) to 49.3% (75/152). The in-ED mortality rate was decreased from 15.8% (21/133) to 12.5% (19/152). All the difference were significant (P< 0.05). The rate of inhaled β_2-agonists was increased from 78.2% (104/133) to 82.9% (126/152), the use of systemic glucocorticosteroids was decreased from 63.2% (84/133) to 56.6% (86/152),the use of antibiotics was increased from 88.0% (117/133) to 92.8% (141/152), and the use of invasive mechanical ventilation was increased from 14.3% (19/133) to 15.1% (23/152) ,the in-hos-pital mortality rate was decreased from 6.0% (8/133) to 5.3% (8/152), the average days in hospital was decreased from 13.3 to 12.4 days, but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). Conclusions There are still some differences exist between guideline recommendations and actual ED management of AECOPD. After training ED doctora with a standard flow-sheet, their management of AECOPD is improved. The rate of the combination of inhaled anticholinergics and short-acting β_2-agonists, use of inhaled glucocorticosteroids, and early use of NIPPV is increased. The use of theophylline and the in-ED mortality rate is decreased.