Post-transcriptional regulation of prokaryotes is of pivotal importance to the quality control and stability main -tenance of multiple proteins .The ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins-mediated modifications have widely participated in the manipulation of cell cycle control , subcellular localization and cellular metabolisms .Typical ubiquitin like proteins (UBLs) are ubiquitin,SUMO,Nedd8 and FAT10.Recently, the dynamic regulation mechanisms between sumoylation and de-sumoylation have become the cutting edge in the era of ubiquitin-like modifications.In this review, we briefly summa-rized the entire SUMO-mediated modification systems and the intricate balance regulation .We also discussed the counter acting star molecule SENP1 and its relationship with tumor initiation and progression ,immunological regulation and develop-mental homeostasis .

Regulatory T (Treg) cells exert significant influence on the control of autoimmunity and maintenance of homeostasis,while the progressive roles of Treg cells in solid tumor and hematological malignance have also attracted much attention recently.Except for the specific expression of transcription factor forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3),natural Treg (nTreg) cells have Treg-specific hypomethylation pattern in a limited number of key genes,which is indispensable for stable Treg cells and functional nTreg cells to define the T-cell subpopulation possessing Treg-type epigenome more accurately.The expression of Foxp3 and Treg-specific hypomethylation phenotype have close relationship with the epigenetic regulation,which involves DNA methylation,histone methylation,acetylation,microRNA,etc.This review summarizes the different mechanisms of epigenetic regulation according to the two important features of Treg cells.

Cellular autophagy is a major degradative pathway for clearance of aggregate-prone proteins and damaged organelles. It plays an important role in regulating cellular homeostasis, cell growth and development, and disease development. Dysfunctional autophagy contributes to the pathology of various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease, in which specific pathological protein accumulation occurs. A growing body of evidence suggests that resveratrol plays a significantly role in the regulation of autophagy and clearance of pathological proteins. Resveratrol is a potential drug for neurodegenerative diseases therapy. This review focuses on the effects of resveratrol on cellular autophagy and clinical application in the control of neurodegenerative diseases.
Alzheimer Disease ; Autophagy ; Humans ; Huntington Disease ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; drug therapy ; Parkinson Disease ; Stilbenes ; pharmacology

To provide an effective approach to select, develop, interpret and apply well-designed quality indicators. Then to promote the continual improvement of laboratory quality and to assure patient safety. We focused on the quality cycle of selecting, development, implementation and processing for quality indicators. And some examples for essential activities in the development and use of quality indicators were shown. Through the presentation of process and examples, we put forward an organized approach that provides the laboratory with a plan to structure its development of quality indicators to gather useful information. Quality indicators are important. However, they should be integrated with internal review plan, External Quality Assessment (EQA) and the process of activities in plan. Only then can we really promote the continual improvement of quality.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the material features and biocompatibility of coronary artery stent and related complications following implantation.METHODS:The databases of CNKI and Medline were searched by the first author using key words of "coronary artery stent,material,biocompatibility and complications" both in English and Chinese.Meta analysis or repetitive studies were excluded,and 16 papers were included in this analysis.RESULTS:Stent materials play an important role in reducing inflammatory reaction and restenosis following stent implantation.As a medical material for humans,the features of stent should be meet the requirements of reliable distensibility,mechanical persistence,good flexibilit and geometrical stability,possible small diameter,excellent blood compatibility,as well as good corrosion resistance.All of these depended on the mechanical and physical features of materials.CONCLUSION:The study of drug-coating stent and drug-eluting stent reduced the restenosis rates following implantation,and the biodegradable stent also attracted more attention.When treating coronary heart disease with cardiovascular stent,the complications should be avoided except consideration of the successful rate of reperfusion.

Cellular autophagy is a major degradative pathway for clearance of aggregate-prone proteins and damaged organelles. It plays an important role in regulating cellular homeostasis, cell growth and development, and disease development. Dysfunctional autophagy contributes to the pathology of various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease, in which specific pathological protein accumulation occurs. A growing body of evidence suggests that resveratrol plays a significantly role in the regulation of autophagy and clearance of pathological proteins. Resveratrol is a potential drug for neurodegenerative diseases therapy. This review focuses on the effects of resveratrol on cellular autophagy and clinical application in the control of neurodegenerative diseases.

Objective To investigate whether Berberine can inhibit the invasion of Streptococcus pueum oniae ( S.pn) to A549 cells in vitro. Methods A549 cells were pretreated with the different concentrations of Berberine and incubated together with S.pn. A549 cells were lysed with 0.025%Triton X-100.Diluted lysate was streaked on TSAB plate and incubated overnight. The colonies on the plate were counted. Results The counts on the plates were 52 ± 21,29 ± 11,13 ± 10,0,0 per well when the concentration of Berberine was 0,25,50,100,200μg/mL, respectively. No invasion was observed when the concentration of Berberine was 100 μg/mL. Conclusion Berberine can inhibit the invasion of S.pn to A549 cells in dose-dependent maner in vitro.

Objective:To observe the effect of ischemic preconditioning(IP)on hepatocellular apoptosis caused by ischemia-reperfus ion(IR)injury and expression of apoptosis regulatory genes(Survivin,HIF-1?)protein,to explore the protective mechanisms of IP on IR injury in rat liver.Methods:Ninty SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation(SO)group,ischemia-reperfusion(IR)group,ischemic preconditioning(IP)group.In SO group,the hepatoduodenal ligament of rat was only pulled and separated,and then closed the abdomen;IR group subjected to 30 minutes of ischemia;IP group was achieved by ischemia for 5 minutes,followed by reperfusion for 5 minutes before continuous to ischemia for 30 minutes.Ten rats of each group were killed after reperfusion for 2,6,12,24 hours respectively,then liver tissues were taken out.The rats in SO group were killed after operation for 2 hours.To detect the Apotosis index(A)Iand Survivin,HIF-1? protein levels.Results:AI of hepotocytes significantly increased in IR group and IP group than that in SO group(P

The single colonel composition of pituitary adenomas of human attests to the molecular basis of pituitary tumorigenesis. This review offers a specific overview of the involvement of alternation of tumor oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) in the pathogenesis of human pituitary adenomas. Mutations of gsp and H ras oncogenes genes and amplification of PKC have been identified in pituitary adenomas. Especially the mutation of gsp has been detected in 40% human GH secreting pituitary adenomas. The role of TSGs(tumor suppressor genes) including MEN 1, p53, Rb and p16 in pituitary adenoma formation and progression has yet be observed. Providing evidence proves that activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes seem to be at least one mechanism by which human pituitary adenomas origin and progress.

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common hospital acquired infection in neonatal intensive care unit with high incidence in China. There is no diagnostic gold standard of VAP. The risk factors include premature birth, low birth weight, dura-tion of mechanical ventilation, episodes of intubation, blood stream infections. The recommended precautions include rising head of bed, closed tracheal suction, sucralfate, selective decontamination in digestive tract, improvement of mechanical ventilation, oral and skin care, hand hygiene. However, it is controversial that sucralfate, selective decontamination in digestive tract, passive humidifiers, oral and skin care can reduce the incidence of VAP.