Regulatory T (Treg) cells exert significant influence on the control of autoimmunity and maintenance of homeostasis,while the progressive roles of Treg cells in solid tumor and hematological malignance have also attracted much attention recently.Except for the specific expression of transcription factor forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3),natural Treg (nTreg) cells have Treg-specific hypomethylation pattern in a limited number of key genes,which is indispensable for stable Treg cells and functional nTreg cells to define the T-cell subpopulation possessing Treg-type epigenome more accurately.The expression of Foxp3 and Treg-specific hypomethylation phenotype have close relationship with the epigenetic regulation,which involves DNA methylation,histone methylation,acetylation,microRNA,etc.This review summarizes the different mechanisms of epigenetic regulation according to the two important features of Treg cells.

Post-transcriptional regulation of prokaryotes is of pivotal importance to the quality control and stability main -tenance of multiple proteins .The ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins-mediated modifications have widely participated in the manipulation of cell cycle control , subcellular localization and cellular metabolisms .Typical ubiquitin like proteins (UBLs) are ubiquitin,SUMO,Nedd8 and FAT10.Recently, the dynamic regulation mechanisms between sumoylation and de-sumoylation have become the cutting edge in the era of ubiquitin-like modifications.In this review, we briefly summa-rized the entire SUMO-mediated modification systems and the intricate balance regulation .We also discussed the counter acting star molecule SENP1 and its relationship with tumor initiation and progression ,immunological regulation and develop-mental homeostasis .

It is of vital importance for medical postgraduates to strengthen moral construction.Based on Bourdieu's field theory,the paper puts forwards methods to enhance the influence of moral education by forming of moral habitus by self-education,clinic practice and academic study and the accumulation of moral educational capital by the combination of mentors,society,schools,families and peer groups.

Cellular autophagy is a major degradative pathway for clearance of aggregate-prone proteins and damaged organelles. It plays an important role in regulating cellular homeostasis, cell growth and development, and disease development. Dysfunctional autophagy contributes to the pathology of various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease, in which specific pathological protein accumulation occurs. A growing body of evidence suggests that resveratrol plays a significantly role in the regulation of autophagy and clearance of pathological proteins. Resveratrol is a potential drug for neurodegenerative diseases therapy. This review focuses on the effects of resveratrol on cellular autophagy and clinical application in the control of neurodegenerative diseases.

Objective To establish an in-vitro root canal-apical complex model for studying the mechanisms of the infected root canal to apical periodontitis and periapical biofilm .Methods Single rooted premolar extracted for orthodontic ,was sealed in sterile vial containing LB solid medium ,and the culture medium covered apical thirds .Totally 25 root canal-apical complex models were prepared .Five models were randomly selected for the bacteria detection in periapical by PCR at 1st day .The remained 20 models were randomly subjected to a control group(n=10) and experimental group(n=10) .Extracted teeth were opened in experimental group and control group with no treatment .All models were exposed in air .At 21st day ,bacteria were detected through PCR in root canal and apical;endotoxin content in apical was assayed by chromogenic end-point limulus test .Results In apical ,bacteria was not found in all groups ,but not for the experimental group .The mean endotoxin content was (8 .913 ± 0 .614)EU/mL in control group and (10 .525 ± 0 .981)EU/mL in experimental group .The endotoxin content was increased significantly in experimental group ,when compared with control group(P<0 .01) .Conclusion Root canal-apical complex was established in vitro through this method .Bac-teria was not easy to reach the apical when the infected root canal was not disturbed .Bacteria in the infected root canal caused apical periodontitis through the secretion of virulence factors such as endotoxin .

Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia(AML-M7)is a rare neoplastic hematologic disorder,the pathogenesis is not clearly.Recent research has found many eytogenetic changes in this disease;and also some genes mutation,such as GATAI,p53,RUNXI play very important roles in AMKL.The aim of this article is to review the cytogenetic and molecule mechanism of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia.

Objective To investigate whether Berberine can inhibit the invasion of Streptococcus pueum oniae ( S.pn) to A549 cells in vitro. Methods A549 cells were pretreated with the different concentrations of Berberine and incubated together with S.pn. A549 cells were lysed with 0.025%Triton X-100.Diluted lysate was streaked on TSAB plate and incubated overnight. The colonies on the plate were counted. Results The counts on the plates were 52 ± 21,29 ± 11,13 ± 10,0,0 per well when the concentration of Berberine was 0,25,50,100,200μg/mL, respectively. No invasion was observed when the concentration of Berberine was 100 μg/mL. Conclusion Berberine can inhibit the invasion of S.pn to A549 cells in dose-dependent maner in vitro.

Cellular autophagy is a major degradative pathway for clearance of aggregate-prone proteins and damaged organelles. It plays an important role in regulating cellular homeostasis, cell growth and development, and disease development. Dysfunctional autophagy contributes to the pathology of various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease, in which specific pathological protein accumulation occurs. A growing body of evidence suggests that resveratrol plays a significantly role in the regulation of autophagy and clearance of pathological proteins. Resveratrol is a potential drug for neurodegenerative diseases therapy. This review focuses on the effects of resveratrol on cellular autophagy and clinical application in the control of neurodegenerative diseases.
Alzheimer Disease ; Autophagy ; Humans ; Huntington Disease ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; drug therapy ; Parkinson Disease ; Stilbenes ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVE:To explore the material features and biocompatibility of coronary artery stent and related complications following implantation.METHODS:The databases of CNKI and Medline were searched by the first author using key words of "coronary artery stent,material,biocompatibility and complications" both in English and Chinese.Meta analysis or repetitive studies were excluded,and 16 papers were included in this analysis.RESULTS:Stent materials play an important role in reducing inflammatory reaction and restenosis following stent implantation.As a medical material for humans,the features of stent should be meet the requirements of reliable distensibility,mechanical persistence,good flexibilit and geometrical stability,possible small diameter,excellent blood compatibility,as well as good corrosion resistance.All of these depended on the mechanical and physical features of materials.CONCLUSION:The study of drug-coating stent and drug-eluting stent reduced the restenosis rates following implantation,and the biodegradable stent also attracted more attention.When treating coronary heart disease with cardiovascular stent,the complications should be avoided except consideration of the successful rate of reperfusion.

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common hospital acquired infection in neonatal intensive care unit with high incidence in China. There is no diagnostic gold standard of VAP. The risk factors include premature birth, low birth weight, dura-tion of mechanical ventilation, episodes of intubation, blood stream infections. The recommended precautions include rising head of bed, closed tracheal suction, sucralfate, selective decontamination in digestive tract, improvement of mechanical ventilation, oral and skin care, hand hygiene. However, it is controversial that sucralfate, selective decontamination in digestive tract, passive humidifiers, oral and skin care can reduce the incidence of VAP.