OBJECTIVETo explore clinical significance of rotational axis of distal femur on Chinese adults in total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

METHODSThere were 86 Chinese adults (106 normal knees) including 47 males (53 knees) and 39 females (53 knees), 54 knees were on left and 52 on right. The CT scan was employed in the distal femur. The scan direction was aligned to be on the plane perpendicular to the mechanical axis of the femoral. The CT images of cross sections across lateral and medial femoral epicondyle were moved to personal computer,lateral angle between anterior posterior line (APL) and surgical transepicondylar axis (STEA) (ATA),lateral angle between posterior condylar line (PCL) and APL (APA), angle between perpendicularity of APL and PCL (A-PA), posterior condylar angle (PCA), condylar twist angle (CTA), angle between clinical transepicondylar axis (CTEA) and STEA (CSA) were measured. These values were divided into different groups according to gender and side, the values of CTA, PCA, A-PA, angle PT (varus of tibia plateau), constant 3, ATA, APA and constant 90° were compared by statistically. A-PA and PCA, and CTA were analysed statistically with the liner regression, the relationship among CTEA, STEA ,PCL, APL and PLP were performed to assess by liner regression.

RESULTSATA was (89.79 ± 1.22)°, APA was (84.84 ± 1.83)°, A-PA was (5.16 ± 1.83)°, PCA was (4.80 ± 1.23)°, CTA was (8.23 ± 1.40), CSA was (3.45 ± 0.68)°. All the parameters had no differences on sex and side,but CSA had difference on male and female. There was no difference among angle PT, PCA, A-PA. There was significant difference in CAT, constant 30 and angle PT, PCA,A-PA. There was no difference between ATA and constant 90°, but there was difference between APA and constant 90°. There was relativity between PCA and CTA, and also PCA and A-PA, CTA and A-PA. There was significant relativity between STEA and CTEA, between STEA and APL, between STEA and PCL, and also between APLP, APL and PCL, but there was no significant relativity between PCL and CTEA.

CONCLUSIONTKA for Chinese, the section of femoral posterior condyle should be external 5° to obtain the optimum rotational orientation. The property is different entirely between STEA and CTEA, the rotational alignment is not performed according to parallel to the CTEA in distal femur. Among STEA, APL, PCL, the STEA is the most reliable mark ofrotational alignment of the distal femur, and the PCL is the less reliable mark.

Adult ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Female ; Femur ; anatomy & histology ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rotation ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

The Chinese Pharmacopoeia is the legal technical standard which should be followed during the research, production, use, and administration of drugs. At present, the new edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia is planned to be promulgated and implemented. This article summarizes and analyzes the main characteristics and the content of updates and amendments of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition(Volume Ⅰ), to provide a reference for the correct understanding and accurate implementation the new edition of the pharmacopoeia.

Objective:To explore clinical significance of rotational axis of distal femur on Chinese adults in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods:There were 86 Chinese adults (106 normal knees) including 47 males (53 knees) and 39 fe-males (53 knees),54 knees were on left and 52 on right. The CT scan was employed in the distal femur. The scan direction was aligned to be on the plane perpendicular to the mechanical axis of the femoral. The CT images of cross sections across lateral and medial femoral epicondyle were moved to personal computer ,lateral angle between anterior posterior line (APL) and sur-gical transepicondylar axis (STEA) (ATA),lateral angle between posterior condylar line (PCL) and APL (APA),angle be-tween perpendicularity of APL and PCL (A-PA),posterior condylar angle (PCA),condylar twist angle (CTA),angle between clinical transepicondylar axis (CTEA) and STEA (CSA) were measured. These values were divided into different groups ac-cording to gender and side,the values of CTA,PCA,A-PA,angle PT (varus of tibia plateau),constant 3°,ATA,APA and con-stant 90° were compared by statistically. A-PA and PCA ,and CTA were analysed statistically with the liner regression ,the re-lationship among CTEA,STEA,PCL,APL and PLP were performed to assess by liner regression. Results:ATA was (89.79± 1.22)°,APA was (84.84±1.83)°,A-PA was (5.16±1.83)°,PCA was (4.80±1.23)°,CTA was (8.23±1.40)°,CSA was (3.45± 0.68)°. All the parameters had no differences on sex and side,but CSA had difference on male and female. There was no dif-ference among angle PT,PCA,A-PA. There was significant difference in CAT,constant 3° and angle PT,PCA,A-PA. There was no difference between ATA and constant 90° ,but there was difference between APA and constant 90°. There was relativity between PCA and CTA,and also PCA and A-PA,CTA and A-PA. There was significant relativity between STEA and CTEA, between STEA and APL,between STEA and PCL,and also between APLP,APL and PCL,but there was no significant relativity between PCL and CTEA. Conclusion:TKA for Chinese,the section of femoral posteriorcondyle should be external 5° to obtain the optimum rotational orientation. The property is different entirely between STEA and CTEA ,the rotational alignment is not performed according to parallel to the CTEA in distal femur. Among STEA ,APL,PCL,the STEA is the most reliable mark of rotational alignment of the distal femur ,and the PCL is the less reliable mark.

Objective To investigate the impact of degree of hearing loss on auditory brainstem response predictions of behavioral thresholds. Methods A total of 179 patients with different hearing loss degree ( a total of 311 ears) patients from January 2012 to January 2016 in the affiliated hospital of Yan’an university were treated with auditory brainstem response (ABR), performed threshold behavior test, analyed the auditory brainstem electric response and behavioral threshold correlation, the factors that affect the ABR thresholds and behavioral threshold value and threshold of ABR and correction factor as well as linear regression equation for different frequency stimulation. Results ABR threshold was positively related to threshold behavior for the different frequencies stimulation, ABR threshold may predicte threshold behavior( P＜0.05) ; ABR threshold value can predicte behavioral threshold differ-ence error and the degree of hearing loss( P＜0.05) , through the relevant correction factors can reduce the predic-tion error. Conclusions Auditory brainstem responses may effectively predicte the hearing loss in children with be-havioural thresholds, differences in degree of hearing loss influence auditory brainstem response and behavioral threshold value, constant correction coefficient is conducive to auditory brainstem electric response and facilitates accuracy of the behavior threshold.

Objective To explore the protective effect of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) on apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons induced by L-dopa via JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Methods PC12 cells were induced to differentiate into dopaminergic neurons with 100 μg/L β-NGF; MTT assay was employed to identify the changes in the viability of PC12 cells following L-dopa treatment at 0, 10,20, 50, 100, 150 and 200 μmol/L, and the different concentrations of IGF-1 at 0, 10, 25, 50 and 100 nmol/L with the same concentration of L-dopa (150 μmol/L); Western blotting was used to detect the levels of P-JAK2/P-STAT3 in PC12 cells treated with PBS (controls), L-dopa, L-dopa+IGF-1 and L-dopa+IGF-1+AG490 for 24 h, and then the apoptosis rate was assessed by flow cytometry and Hchest33258 staining. Results Western blotting showed that the expressions of P-JAK2 and P-STAT3 were detected in the L-dopa+IGF-1 and L-dopa+IGF-1+AG490 treatment groups but not in the control group or L-dopa treatment group; the expression of P-STAT3 in the L-dopa+IGF-1+AG490 treatment group was obviously lower than that in the L-dopa+IGF-1 treatment group (P<0.05). Hchest33258 staining indicated that L-dopa treatment group had the most obvious karyopyknosis and karyorrhexis,much more apoptotic bodies than the L-dopa+IGF-1 and L-dopa+IGF-1+AG490 treatment groups. Flow cytometry showed that the apoptosis rate was significantly different among the 4 groups (F=180.991,P=0.000): as compared with the control group, the other 3 groups had a higher apoptosis rate (P<0.05);L-dopa treatment group (38.13 ±2.54 %) enjoyed the highest level, followed by L-dopa+IGF-1 +AG490treatment group (25.60±1.30 %) and L-dopa+IGF-1 treatment group (20.17±1.54 %). Conclusion L-dopa has toxic effect on PC12 cells; IGF-1 could protect the PC12 cells from the neurotoxic effect of L-dopa and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway is activated in this procedure.

Objective To study the role of SIRT 1 in apoptosis of PC 12 neuronal cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods PC12 cells were cultured with different concentrations of LS (50 μg/mL,500 μg/mL,750 μg/mL,1000 μg/mL and 1250 μg/mL),and some other PC12 cells were routinely cultured as controls. MTT assay was employed to identify the cell survival 24 h after the inducement,and accordingly,the suitable LPS concentration for subsequent experiments was determined based on MTT results. And then, cell apoptosis in the experimental groups under the suitable LPS concentration at different times (1/2,2,18,24,and 48 h) and control group was noted by flow cytometry and Hoechst 33258 staining; Western blotting was used to detect the SIRT1 level in PC12 cells. Results Hoechst 33258 staining indicated that a few apoptotic bodies were noted 1/2 h after inducement,expressing as karyopyknosis and karyorrhexis; apoptotic bodies began to increase 18 h after inducement,reaching their peak level 24 h after inducement; and a decreased trend was observed 48 h after inducement. Flow cytometry indicated that significantly higher apoptosis rate at each time point was noted as compared with that in the control group (P＜0.05); and Hoechst 33258 staining showed the same result. Western blotting revealed that the SIRT1 expression was (1.84±0.04) in the control group,decreasing to (1.17±0.09) 1/2 h after the inducement,and reaching the lowest level (0.62±0.03) 24 h after the inducement; and then, the expression was increased to (0.77±0.02) 48 h after the inducement;significant difference on the expression at each time point was noted as compared with that in the control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion LPS can induce PC12 cell apoptosis and SIRT1 protein expression is inhibited,indicating that SIRT1 may take part in the apoptosis and play a protective role to PC12 cells.

Objective To explore the clinical and imaging features of Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome (HSS) and its deep brain stimulation (DBS) treatment.Methods A 12-year-old boy with HSS,admitted to our hospital from June 2010,was chosen in our study; the clinical and imaging features and the DBS therapy outcome were retrospectively analyzed.Results The patient (12 years old) was at an early onset,predominantly presented with dystonia,cognitive impairment,dysarthria and pyramidal signs; the symptoms were rapidly progressive.Brain MRI revealed a typical "eye-of-tiger" sign.Significant improvement of motor function after DBS of the internal globus pallidus (Gpi) and no significant improvement of cognitive dysfunction and dysarthria were noted; and the benefit of surgery was maintained during the 1 year follow-up.Conclusion The characteristic imaging manifestations and clinical features are very important for HSS diagnosis; DBS of the internal globus pallidus (Gpi) can improve the motor function; and DBS is one of the limited optional therapies for HSS.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the value of narrow band imaging (NBI) endoscopy in the detection of unknown primary tumor site with cervical lymph node metastases of squamous cell carcinoma.

METHODSFifty-three patients with cervical lymph node metastases of squamous cell carcinoma treated in our department between June 2009 and December 2011 were enrolled in this study. Their primary tumor site was not detected by routine computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and laryngoscopy. The nasopharyngolarynx was examined by NBI endoscopy to explore the primary tumor site.

RESULTSA total of 53 cases with cervical lymph node metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma from an unknown primary were examined under NBI endoscopy. The primary tumor site was confirmed by NBI examination in 47.2% (25/53) of patients, significantly better than routine radiology and endoscopy (0, P < 0.001). These primary tumors were small and superficial, with characteristic mucosal vascular morphologies. The superficial nasopharyngeal carcinomas under NBI examination showed the superficial thin branch-like or torturous line microvessels. The notable characteristics of the squamous cell carcinoma of oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx was the well demarcated brownish area and scattered brown dots.

CONCLUSIONThe NBI endoscopy can provide better visualization of the morphology of superficial mucosal vasculature and improve the ability to detect possible primary cancer in patients with primary unknown cervical lymph node metastasis.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma ; Carcinoma in Situ ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; diagnosis ; secondary ; therapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Narrow Band Imaging ; methods ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Neoplasms, Unknown Primary ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; therapy

Objective To investigate the method displaying the hypopharynx and esophageal entrance under laryngoscopy to determine the invasion range of hypopharyngeal cancer.Methods A total of 113 patients with hypopharyngeal cancer was enrolled in this study and they previously underwent conventional laryngoscopic and radiologic examinations.The esophageal entrance was exposed by injecting gas through the biopsy channel of laryngoscope.The invasion of esophageal entrance in hypopharyngealcancers was evaluated by this method and compared with that evaluated with radiology. Results Conventional laryngoscopy was unable to evaluate appreciably esophageal entrance involvement in the 113 patients with hypopharyngeal cancer.After injecting gas through the laryngoscopic biopsy channel,the esophageal entrance was clearly displayed in 96.5％ (109/113 ) patients,showing the presence (33 cases)and absence (76 cases) of esophageal entrance invasion.Imaging examinations only showed the invasion of the esophageal entrance in 25 patients of these patients,but did not in other 8 patients.Laryngoscopy with injecting gas through the biopsy channel was superior to radiological imaging examinations in determining the invasion of the esophageal entrance ( x2 =9.103,P =0.003 ).Conclusion Laryngoscopy with injecting gas through the biopsy channel is a useful method for determining the presence or absence of esophageal entrance invasion in hypopharyngeal cancer prior to surgery.

Objective To investigate the association of post-stroke depression (PSD) with gene polymorphisms of catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) Val1 08/158Met and dopamine transporter 40bp variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) in dopamine metabolism system. Methods Sixty-eight patients with PSD and 91 patients only suffered from stroke, admitted to our hospital from January 2010to June 2010, were chosen; the gene polymorphisms ofCOMT Val108/158Met and DAT 40 bp VNTR were analyzed by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results The genotypes of COMT gene amplifications were wild type (G/G),homozygous mutant type (A/A) and heterozygous type (A/G); 7 repeated genotypes (7/7, 9/7, 10/7, 10/9,10/10, 11/10 and 11/11) were noted in the DA T gene amplifications; frequencies of COMT alleles and genotypes were significantly different between the 2 groups (x2=5.703, P=0.017;x2=6.489, P=0.039). The frequencies of COMT alleles and genotypes were significantly different between the 2 female groups (x2=4.610, P=0.032;x2=6.547, P=0.024), but no significant differences were found between the 2 male groups (P＞0.05). The frequencies and heterozygosity of DAT alleles and genotypes showed no obvious differences between the 2 groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion The gene polymorphism of COMT Val108/158Met may be associated with PSD, while that of DAT 40bp VNTR is not.