Objective To explore the relationship between sperm DNA fragmentation rates and male infertil-ity.Methods Case -control study was used .Sperm DNA fragmentation rates were compared between the primary infertile males for unknown reasons (n=126) and the males whose spouses undergoing delivery in three months (n=100).Results Sperm DNA fragmentation rate of the research group was (11.95 ±4.89) %.Sperm DNA fragmenta-tion rate of the control group was (10.07 ±3.56) %.Significant difference was found between the two groups on sperm DNA fragmentation rate(t=-3.326,P=0.001).The 226 men were divided into group A with sperm DNA fragmentation rates<10%(n=130) and group B with sperm DNA fragmentation rates≥10%(n=96).The percent-age of male infertility in group A was significantly lower than that in group B (50.00%vs 61.62%) (χ2 =4.105, P=0.043).Conclusion Correlation is found between sperm DNA fragmentation rates and male infertility .

65Y) on maintenance hemodialysis at our hospital from Jan 2005 to Oct 2006 was selected.All subjects were divided into two groups according to serum albumin level:group A(ALB0.05);and mortality was higher in group A than in group B(P

OBJECTIVE To investigate the isolation and drug resistance of Chryseobacterium spp in our hospital,and to explore the mechanisms of drug resistance.METHODS Bacteria were identified in our hospital for the last five years(Jan 2001-Dec 2005) and the antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by Kirby-Bauer plate dilution method.Forty-three isolates of C.meningosepticum,16 isolates of C.indologenes and 10 isolates of C.gleum were isolated and selected for further studies.Minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs) against 14 antibiotics were determined by the agar dilution method.Extended-spectrum ?-lactamase(ESBL) and carbapenemase were detected by three-dimensional test and 2-mercaptopropionic acid inhibitory test.RESULTS One thousand and one hundred twenty-eight Chryseobacterium and others strains in total were isolated during the described period.Among them C.meningosepticum,C.indologenes,C.gleum,and other Chryseobacterium species were 88.3%,8.0%,2.9%,0.6% and 0.2%,respectively.The resistant ratios against antibiotics containing enzyme inhibitors were lower than other antibiotics.The MIC50 and MIC90 against most antibiotics were high except for quinolones.As for carbapenemase,the positive rate was 60.5%,68.8% and 90.0% in C.meningosepticum,C.indologenes,and C.gleum,respectively.CONCLUSIONS Chryseobacterium are highly resistant against a variety numbers of antibiotics.Nevertheless,there exists a significant difference in the resistance against different antibiotics for different species of Chryseobacterium.The major drug resistant mechanism in Chryseobacterium is due to the production of ?-lactamases,especially metallo-?-lactamases.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the bacterial distribution and antibiotic resistance situation with urinary tract infection(UTI) for the guidance of rational use of antibiotics.METHODS The antibiotic resistance of clinical isolates from urinary tract infection from Mar 2005 to Jul 2006 was analyzed. RESULTS The most common pathogens in urinary tract infection were Escherichia coli(50.2%),Enterococcus(14.4%),Staphyloccus aureus(8.7%),Klebsiella pneumoniae(7.3%),and Proteus mirabilis(3.9%).E.coli,K.pneumoniae,and P.mirabilis were found to be highly resistant to ampicillin,quinolones and SMZ(70.6-100.0%).Enterococcus were highly resistant to penicillin and quinolones(81.0-96.8%).41.4% of E.coli and 31.3% of K.pneumoniae isolates produced ESBLs.HLGR-Enterococcus were 79.4%.78.9% S.aureus isolates were resistant to oxacillin.CONCLUSIONS The high antibiotic resistance of commonly encountered pathogens is a serious problem and much attention should be paid to detect pathogens and their antibiotic resistance.

AIM: To discuss the safety of hands chopping phacoemulsification in patients with microcoria cataract.METHODS:Hands chopping phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation was used for the microcoria cataract of 30 patients ( 32 eyes ) . Their visual acuity, pupil, and complication were observed in postoperative 1d,1wk and 1mo.
RESULTS: Postoperative naked vision be or more than 0. 3 were in 27 eyes (84. 4%) at one day, be or more than 0. 3 were in 30 eyes (93. 8%) at one week, be or more than 0. 5 were in 28 eyes (87. 5%) at one month. All pupil returned to round or oval. No synechia happened in postoperative 1mo.
CONCLUSION:Hands chopping nucleus operation is safe and effective for uveitis combined with microcoria phacoemulsification.

Objective To understand the distribution of the genotypes of ?-lactamases in Chryseobacterium/Flavobacterium spp.Methods Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 43 Chryseobacterium meningosepticum strains,22 Chryseobacterium indologenes strains and 10 Chryseobacterium gleum strains against 15 antibiotics were determined by agar dilution method.3-D test and modified 3-D test were used to identify carbapenamase.2-mercaptopropionic acid inhibitory test was used to confirm metallo-?-lactamases (MBL).Genes of ?-lactamases were amplified with 6 pairs of primers special for Chryseobacterium/Flavobacterium spp.and the amplified genes were sequenced.Results MIC_(50) and MIC_(90) of quinolones were lower comparing to other antibiotics.MICs of C.gleum against 15 antibiotics were lower than other Chryseobacterium/Flavobacterium spp.Among 43 C.meningosepticum strains,26 strains (60.5%) produce MBL,but all strains (100%) produced extended-spectrum ?-lactamases (ESBLs);12 C.indologenes strains (68.8%) produced MBL;6 (60%) C.gleum strains had MBL.Genotypes of MBL in C.meningosepticum strains were Bla-B 1,2,3,5 and 11,and Bla-GOB 2,4,6 and 8,respectively.Only one genotype,namely CME-1,was identified for ESBL in C.meningosepticum.The genotype of MBL in 3 C.indolgenes strains was IND-1,and the 6 C.gleum strains contained CGB genotype.Meanwhile,there were 8 C.indolgenes strains and 3 C.gleum strains were confirmed to produce ?-lactamase,but their genotypes were unable to be detected using the current primers,implying that there were possible novel genotypes.Conclusions Investigation of genotypes distribution of ?-lactamase in Chryseobacterium/ Flavobacterium spp.can provide theoretical evidences and rational in the selection of antibiotics,control of noscomical infection and development of novel antibiotics.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of infliximab (IFX) in Crohn′s disease (CD) and its effects on mucosal healing and promoting fistula closure.Methods Between September 2007 and February 2011,relevant clinical data of CD patients treated with IFX in the Department of Gastroenterology,Ruijin Hospital were collected and the efficacy and safety of IFX were retrospectively analyzed.After IFX therapy,the efficacy evaluation included laboratory index,clinical efficacy,efficacy of fistula closure and mucosal healing.The data were analyzed using t test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test.Results A total of 22 patients were enrolled in this study,11 males and 11 females; the mean age was 29.3 years.The dosage of IFX was 5 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg at week 0,2,6to induce remission,and every 8 weeks on maintenance therapy.Of 22 patients,16 patients were active CD.One case dropped out.At week 14,of the remaining 15 cases,11 cases achieved clinical remission,two cases achieved clinically effective and two cases were ineffective.Crohn′s disease activity index (CDAI) (112±80) and ESR [(13±11) mm/1 h] of week 14 decreased compared with that of week 0 [(186±88),(21± 15) mm/1 h,P=0.04 and 0.007].Two cases of 10 patients with fistula dropped out as a result of ineffective,while eight cases had a partial response and six patients sustained response during the maintenance therapy,but no fistula closed and completely disappear.Seven patients reviewed by endoscopy after five times IFX therapy (24 weeks),after therapy the simple endoscopic score for Crohn′ s disease (SES-CD) ( 3.21 ± 2.89 ) decreased compared with that before treatment (5.86±3.02) (Z＝-2.38,P＝0.018).Eleven times of adverse events were found in nine patients,infusion reaction and respiratory tract infection were more common and no severe adverse effect was observed.Conclusions IFX can rapidly improve clinical symptoms and with good safety.The effects in mucosal healing and fistula closure may occur at early medication.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical features and the efficacy of medium-and long-term immune suppression in the treatment of Crohn's disease (CD) in Chinese Han nationality.MethodsThe clinical data and diagnosis methods of 178 CD patients between 2003 and 2010 were analyzed.All patients received predinisone and immune suppression (azathioprine) treatment.The patients were followed up every 2 weeks.Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were reviewed every 4 weeks.CD activity index (CDAI) was scored every 3 to 6 months.ResultsThe peak age for onset of CD was between 18 to 30 years old,and the mean time from the appearance of symptoms to diagnosis was (8.3±3.7) months.About 34.8％ (62/178 cases) patients had corresponding complications at time of diagnosis due to the progress of the disease.The average dosage of azathioprine was (1.24±0.16) mg/kg,and the total withdrawal rate due to adverse effect was 15％ (25/167 cases).The surgical intervention rate was 15.1％ (22/146 cases) during long-term follow-up.ESR and CRP of patients decreased obviously and tended to normal after 3 months treatment.The CDAI score significantly decreased after 6 months treatment.Conclusions Most Chinese patients had a good tolerance of immune suppression and achieved better medium- and long-term clinical efficacy at the dosage lower than that recommended by European and United States guidelines.

Objective To determine the situation of contraceptive use and impact factors among reproductive-age women seeking abortion in Kunming which was in the southwest of China in order to provide information for improving contraceptive use. Methods A hospital-based study was conducted among 397 women of reproductive age, seeking abortion in hospitals of different levels in Kunming from June 2011 to December 2011. They were face to face interviewed by the trained investigators with the questionnaires. Results Among 397 women, 229 cases (57.7%) had experienced induced abortion. Abortion accounted for 61.7% of married women, and unmarried accounted for 39.3%. About 36.3%never used any contraceptives, and only 21.4%of respondents used contraceptives at every intercourse. The main contraceptive before this pregnancy was condom (68.9%) . The use of contraceptives was mainly decided by couple (73.4%) . Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that respondents' age, educational level and access to contraceptives in hospital were associated with the use of contraceptive. Conclusion Premarital pregnancy and low rate of contraception are the main reason for induced abortion. Fewer reproductive-age women seeking abortion use contraceptives. It is necessary to increase their awareness of contraception and abortion related knowledge, provide feasible contraceptive to enable women to avoid unwilling pregnancy. Further more, it is important to promote male involvement in contraception.

An on-line two dimensional liquid chromatographic (2D-LC) method was established by using an ultimate dual gradient liquid chromatography, three chromatographic columns and valve-switching technology to detect 2460A in trichoderma hazianum fermentation liquor. MF C8 column (10 mm×4. 6 mm, 5. 0 μm) was used as purification column and MG C18 column (20 mm×4. 6 mm, 5. 0 μm) was used as enriching column. Methanol and water were used as mobile phase with a gradient elution at a flow rate of 2. 0 mL/min. The sample was separated on the Thermo Hypersil GOLD C18 column (250 mm×4. 6 mm, 5. 0μm) maintained at 40 ℃ using methanol and water. The flow rate was 1. 0 mL/min and 1. 0 mL sample was injected into the 2D-LC system. The detection wavelength was 424 nm. The whole analytical time was less than 60 min. The standard curve was linear over the 2460A concentration range of 0. 0025-10. 0 mg/L(r=0. 9981, n=8). The limit of detection was calculated to be 1 . 2μg/L ( S/N=3 ) and the limit of quantification was calculated to be 2 . 5 μg/L ( S/N=10 ) . The average recoveries varied from 88 . 0% to 104 . 4%.