To review recent studies on the research advance of RET( Rearranged during transfection) on-cogene in thyroid cancer,breast cancer,and lung cancer.The literatures on the structure of RET gene and coding product,cell signal transduction,relationship among thyroid cancer,breast cancer,and lung cancer are reviewed. RET gene encoding tyrosine kinase receptor,involving in cell signal transduction,rearrangement of RET gene is frequently seen in thyroid cancer,which is reported more and more in breast cancer,and lung cancer.Rearrange-ment of RET gene is closely correlated with the occurrence and progress of thyroid cancer,breast cancer,and lung cancer.Taking together,these findings suggest that RET present an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of certain cancer subsets.

OBJECTIVETo observe the immediate antihypertensive effect of guasha combined with bleeding therapy for mild (grade I) hypertension.

METHODSThirty patients with mild (grade I) hypertension and 30 cases with normal blood pressure were compared. Areas and acupoints in governor vessel, meridian of foot-taiyang, meridian of hand-yangming and meridian of foot-yangming were scraped for 3 times, which was followed by bleeding therapy. The blood pressures after each guasha and bleeding therapy were recorded as well as the skin temperature in Dazhui (GV 14) after each guasha. The treatment was given once a week and totally 4 treatments were given.

RESULTSThere were significant antihypertensive effects after the first guasha, the second guasha and the third guasha and bleeding therapy (all P<0.01), in which guasha combined with bleeding therapy had the most significant antihypertensive effect (P<0.01). The skin temperature in Dazhui (GV 14) was obviously increased after three times of guasha (all P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONGuasha or combined with bleeding therapy has better antihypertensive effect for mild hypertension, which is likely to be related with warming stimulation on meridians and acupoints.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Blood Pressure ; Case-Control Studies ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypertension ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Male ; Meridians ; Middle Aged

Objective To explore the clinical features of diabetic macular edema (DME) with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and correlation with visual function. Methods Forty-nine eyes from 40 patients with DME (DME group) and 31 eyes from 31 patients without DME (control group) were examined with OCT,pattern reversal visual evoked potentials (P-VEP),macular perimetry. According to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), 49 eyes with DME were divided into group A (without PDR, 30eyes) and group B (with PDR, 19 eyes). Results The retinal macular thickness of central fovea in DME group [(299.25±63.87)μm] was more than that in contol group [(204.35 ± 37.94)μm], visual acuity and macular visual field in DME group were significantly different than those in control group, respectively (P ＜ 0.05). The retinal macular thickness of central fovea,visual acuity and visual field were no significant differences between group A and group B (P＞0.05). OCT macular thickness and visual correlation coefficient was -0.437(P＜ 0.05 ); OCT macular thickness and mean defect correlation coefficient was 0.441(P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions OCT can provide a useful tool for monitoring the occurrence and development of DME, can assess the response to treatment. With increasing of the macular retinal thickness, the visual acuity and macular visual field of visual function are more damaged.

Objective To identify the peptide that have strong ability binding to HCMV-UL149 encoded protein,and to analyze the characteristics of the amino acid sequence of UL149-binding peptides.Methods Expressed UL149 proteins of three genotypes were used to screen the binding peptide in the random peptide display library,then the encoding sequence of binding peptides in the selected clones were sequenced.The amino acid sequences of the binding peptides were analyzed for their homology,and were com pared with those of the known protein in protein banks.Results The homologous amino acid sequence W/A/F/V-D/E-D/E-G-W/F/I/L were found within the binding peptides selected by proteins of all the three UL149 genotypes proteins,and no difference between three groups was found.The alignment with amino acid sequences of the known proteins in protein banks showed that the binding peptides of UL149 putative protein have homologous amino acid sequences with immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region(IgHV),the serine/threonine protein kinases,compliment factor H,zinc finger protein,MHC Ⅰ molecule,eukaryotic translation initiation factor,nuclear factor and so on.Conclusion The UL149 encoding proteins have binding ability to proteins mentioned above,and might interfere with the immunity responds to HCMV infection through multiple mechanisms.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the expression level of BLM and its clinical significance in leukemia.Methods 125 bone marrow specimens of inpatients and outpatients with leukemia were collected in Anhui provincial hospital from January 2011 to December 2011.125 leukemia patients were diagnosed and classified into acute leukemia (AL,n =66) and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML,n =59) by Morphologic and Immunologic criteria,5 non-tumor individuals were included as control group.The BLM mRNA expressions were by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The specimens were devided into groups according to the age,gender,leukemia type,peripheral blood leukocyte counts,hepatomegalia and(or) splenomegaly,fusion gene,chromosome karyotype,whether first visit and transplantation.The expression of BLM gene in each group and the correlation with above factors were retrospectively analysed.The statistical methods such as chi-square test,single factor variance analysis,t test and Pearson correlation test were mainly used.Results BLM mRNA was detected in leukemia.In bone marrow cells,the BLM gene expression was positive in 71 patients and negative in 54 patients.But none of 5 non-tumor bone marrow cells expressed BLM gene.The difference of BLM expression between patients and controls was statistically significant in two groups,i.e.peripheral blood leukocyte counts and fusion gene (x2 =14.730,22.399 ; P ＜ 0.05),but there is no statistical significant differences in other groups.The expressions of BLM mRNA in leukemia patients who had been treated with chemotherapy were lower than those newly diagnosed (0.1788 ± 0.1091 vs 0.3276 ± 0.2016 ; P ＜ 0.05).Moreover,BLM mRNA level in post-bone marrow transplant patients was lower than those not treated (0.1271 ± 0.1009 vs 0.2902 ±0.2034 ; P ＜ 0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that higher BLM mRNA expression positively correlated with fusion gene (r =0.357,P ＜ 0.01) and chromosome abnormality (r =0.279,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The BLM mRNA expression level of measurement can be used as judgment for leukemia patients disease severity and the index of prognosis,testing the level may provide a basis for clinical and curative effect judgment.

Objective To establish a novel method for detecting circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in phripheral blood of lung cancer patients with high sensitivity and specificity.Methods Experimental study.42 cases of initial treatment patient who underwent resection and diagnosed to be non-small cell lung cancer by biopsy were studied,including 7 patients at stage Ⅰ,9 patients at stage Ⅱ,16 patients at stage Ⅲ and 10 patients at stage Ⅳ.As a control group,20 cases of healthy volunteers were selected.A series of experiments was conducted to determine the efficiency of tumor cells isolation,in which varied concentration (50,100,200,500,1000 cells) of A549 cells spiked into 2 ml peripheral blood drawn from healthy donors.The blood was removed of unwanted erythrocytes by lysis buffer,and made the rest of nucleated cells incubate with anti-EpCAM magnetic beads,then separated and enriched by a specific detector.All epithelia cells were retained on a slide because of a magnetic force and identified by H&E staining protocol.On the basis of cell recovery rate we calculated the sensitivity of tumor cells isolation.20 blood samples taken from healthy individuals were also detected to validate the specificity of this method.Samples of 42 patients with lung cancer were assayed for CTCs detection by above method.The correction of CTCs quantity with the patients' clinical features,for example,ages,gender,clinical stage,tumor size was analyzed in lung cancer patients by chi-square statistics.The correction of recovery cells with the spiked cells were assayed by linear correlation.Results The recovery rate was ranging from 68％ to 82％ by spiking varying numbers of A549 lung cancer cells into 2ml blood samples of healthy volunteers.Regression analysis of number of recovered vs.spiked A549 cells yielded a regression equation of Y =0.6419X + 8.8875.The number of CTCs detected has signification correlate with the cells spiked (R2 =0.9916,P ＜ 0.05),Eighteen of the 42 patients (43％) were found have CTCs in peripheral blood.The detection rate of lung cancer cells was 0 at stage Ⅰ,the detection rate of lung cancer cells was 11.1％ at stage Ⅱ,the detection rate of lung cancer cells was 62.5％ at stage Ⅲ and the detection rate of lung cancer cells was 70％ at stage Ⅳ.The positive rate of CTCs has no signification correlate with ages and gender of patients and tumor size (P ＞ 0.05),has signification with the clinical stage (P ＜ 0.05).None of the peripheral blood samples of the 20 healthy subjects analyzed was found to have CTCs.Conclusions This novel immunomagnetic separation technology is a sensitive and specific method,which provides a new tool allowing for feasible and specific detection of CTCs in lung cancer patients.The level of CTCs increases with the clinical stage and tumor size increased,which has important value to discover the early stage micrometastasis and redefine the clinical stage.But further multicenter and large sample clinical research are needed to confirm its clinical value.

Objective Platelet activating factor(PAF),which has been implicated in the pathophysiology of inflammation in asthma,is degraded and inactivated by PAF acetlhydrolase(PAF AH).To investigate the association of PAF AH activity with genotype in asthmatic children.Methods We studied 57 asthmatic children and 30 normal controls. The plasma PAF AH genotype was detected as representative case with 3 different genotypes (Val/Val,Val/Phe and Phe/Phe) by allele specific polymerase chain reaction(AS PCR).The PAF AH activity in plasam was examined by the changes of substrate assay.Results In severe asthmatic individuals plasma PAF AH activities were lower than those of mild or moderate groups and control group,and plasma PAF AH activition was absent 15.4 %.In another three groups plasma PAF AH activation were absent 2 %-3 %.There was significant difference of plasma PAF AH activity among 3 groups of genotype(Val/Val,Val/Phe and Phe/Phe).In the similar genotype, there was no significant difference of plasma PAF AH activity between the groups of control and asthma.Conclusions There was imbalace of PAF/PAF AH in asthmatic children. In severe asthmatic individuals plasma PAF AH activities were lower than those of mild or moderate groups and control group. PAF AH(Val279Phe) gene mutation was related with plasma PAF AH activity.

Objective To investigate the role of endothelin - 1( ET-1) and interleukin-8( IL-8) in tracheal aspirates (TA) in children with acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS). Methods The levels of ET- 1 and IL - 8 in TA of 13 patients with ARDS and 11 controls were assayed by enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay. Lung injury score was applied to all patients. Results The levels of ET-1 and 1L-8 in TA were significantly higher in ARDS than those in controls (P

Objective　To compare the Immunoreactivity of various HEV Antigen with Anti-HEV IgM. Methods Solid-phase enzyme immunoassay( EIA ) was developed for detecting anti-HEV IgM by using synthetic peptides E30, E42, E33, and recombinant antigen from HEV ORF-2. Results Of 60 anti-HEV positive sera by using E30, E42, E33 and recombinant antigen as coating antigen, Anti-HEV IgM positive rates were 76.7%, 26.6%, 18.3% and 66.7% respectively. In Acute-phase and convalescence-phase sera of the patients with Hepatitis E, Anti-HEV IgM positive rate was 90% and 3.3% respectively. Conclusions The HEV E30-based EIA will be very useful in the early diagnosis of Hepatitis E.

Aim To study relative bioavailablity of cefaclor effervescent tablets in healthy volunteers. Methods According to the crossover design, A volunteers were each orally given a single does of the 0.75 g cefaclor effervescent tablets and cefaclor capsules with an interval of 5 days between the two formulations.The plasma concentrations of the drug were determined by RP-HPLC.Pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained by ATPK programe,and calculated on the basis of open single compartment model.Results After a single oral dose, the peak levels in plasma averaged Cmax(31.27?5.81)?g?ml-1 and(30.56?5.25) ?g?ml-1 at (0.58?0.12)h and(0.73?0.17)h and AUC0～4(35.48?4.65) ?g?h?ml-1 and (35.89?2.90) ?g?h?ml-1 for tablet and capsule,respectively. Conclusion The result shows that two formulations are bioequivalence.