ObjectiveTo observe the clinical sense of clock-drawing test(CDT) and Mini Mental Status Examination(MMSE) in Alzheimer's disease(AD). MethodsMMSE and CDT were used to assess the intellectual ability in AD group and control group. ResultsThe orientation force, immediate memory, ability of calculation, short-term memory and speech ability in AD group were significantly decreased than that of the control group(P<0.05). The score of CDT in AD group was markedly suppression than that of control group(P<0.01). ConclusionThe CDT and MMSE are the ideal cognitive screening test to determine the degree in Alzheimer's disease.

BACKGROUND: Hematopoietic growth factors (HGFs) can be involved in different hematopoietic cells and different phase of differentiation. Erythropoietin (EPO) can promote he proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells in vivo and in vitro, Interleukin-3 (IL-3) appears to have both the characteristics of a differentiating hormone and the ability to generate proliferation of relatively early stem cells. IL-3 acts to enhance the effect on the proliferation and differentiation of various hematopoietic cells.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of HGFs and total saponins of panax ginseng (TSPG) on erythropoietic differentiation of purified CD34+ cells from human bone marrow.DESIGN: An observational comparative experiment.SETTING: Chongqing Medical University.MATERIALS: This experiment was performed in the Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Research and Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology in Chongqing Medical University from July 2002 to January 2004. Human bone marrow was collected from extracted ribs of patients without hematopoietic system diseases in the Department of Chest Surgery, Daping Hospital, the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA. Informed contents were obtained from all the patients. TSPG (purified to more than 95%) was provided by Chongqing Institute of Chinese Traditional Medicine; Fetal bovine serum (FBS), fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated anti-CD34 Ab from Becton Dickinson; FITC isotype-matched mouse IgG1 and rabbit anti-CD71 Ab from Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc; Recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) from Amgen. rHu Flt3 Ligand (FL), rHu thrombopoietin (TPO), rHu stem cell factor (SCF) and rHu interleukin-3 (IL-3) from Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc.METHODS: CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSC/HPC) were isolated by StemsepTM according to the strategy of negative selection on immunomagnetic separation. The sorted CD34+ cells were incubated in various combinations with IL-3+EPO, SCF+IL-3+EPO and FL+TPO+SCF+IL-3+EPO. SCF+IL-3+EPO was taken as the control group, TSPG of 10, 20, 50, 70 and 100 mg/L, then the total cell number and ratio of CD71+ cells were detected. CD34+ culture systems were added by TSPG of different dosages, those un-added by TSPG as control group. Methylcellulose culture method was used to detect the capacity of TSPG in inducing the proliferation and differentiation of CD34+ HSC/HPC [burst forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E) and colony forming unit-erythroid (CFU-E)].MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① CD34+ cell proliferation in vitro in different cytokine groups; ② Effects of TSPG on inducing CD34+ cells to differentiation into CD34+ erythroid lineage hemocytes; ③ Effects of TSPG on the ability of CD34+ cells in forming erythroid lineage progenitor cells.RESULTS: ①For FL+TPO+SCF+IL-3+EPO, the mean increase in overall cell number corresponded to 546.38-fold expansion, and the ratio of CD71+ cells was increased to (61.20±5.31)%. ② TSPG 20 mg/L was identified as the most potent concentration of those tested, and the ratio of CD71+ cells was increased from (48.39±5.07)% to (56.20±1.40)%. ③ The addition of TSPG(10-50 mg/L) increased the colony production rates of BFU-E and CFU-E.CONCLUSION: A combination containing FL+TPO+SCF+IL-3+EPO may obviously induce CD34+ cells to proliferate and differentiate to erythroid lineage; TSPG may promote CD34+ cells to differentiate into erythroid lineage by cooperating with HGFs.

Congresses as Topic ; Humans ; Multiple Myeloma ; United States

Animals ; Cell Line ; Chloride Channels ; metabolism ; Epithelial Cells ; metabolism ; Escherichia coli ; metabolism ; Kidney ; cytology ; Osmotic Pressure ; Periplasm ; metabolism ; Swine

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of intraductal ulstrasonography(IDUS)in non-opaque bile duct stones.Methods Between January 2009 and August 2010 in the Department of Gastroenterology at Shanghai 10th People's Hospital,a total of 183 patients(male:102 cases,mean age 69 years； female:81 cases,mean age 71 years)were enrolled,who were suspected of bile duct stones or stenosis which could not be diagnosed by abdominal CT,MRI,and abdominal B-mode ultrasound.All the patients underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)first,and then patients with non-opaque bile duct stones followed by IDUS.Results A total of 134 cases (73.2％)of bile duct stones were diagnosed by ERCP,49 cases(26.8％)were negative.And then the 49 patients underwent IDUS,of whom 24 patients with sand-like stones,11 patients with lowdensity stones,6 patients with ampullary cancer,2 patients with pancreatic cancer,6 patients with sclerosing cholangitis.The diagnostic accuracy of IDUS in the position and quality of bile duct stones was 100％,higher than that of ERCP,which was 80％.After ERCP,pancreatitis occurred in 3 patients and improved after conservative treatment,there was no complications like perforation and bleeding.Conclusion The diagnostic accuracy of IDUS in the position and quality of bile duct stones is high,which can make up for the misdiagnosis by ERCP without increasing the complications.IDUS can provide reliable basis for the diagnosis of clinical bile duct stones.

1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase ; blood ; genetics ; Adolescent ; Asthma ; blood ; enzymology ; genetics ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; Genotype ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

Dermatitis, Occupational ; Humans ; Male

Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans ; Integrative Medicine ; Risk Assessment

A remarkabale inhibitory activity was exhibited by the aqueous extract from Rhizoma smilacisglabrae(RSG) against both picryl chloride(PC)- induced contact dermatitis and sheep red bloodcells (SRBC)- induced footpad reaction.The effect of RSG was displayed more distinctlywheng given after than before the 2nd antigen challenge.RSG also showed a marked anti-in-flammatory activity against xylene- induced ear and egg whiteinduced footpad edema.Addi-tionally,RSG did not show a potable influence on IgM- and IgG-PFC counts against SRBC inmice.An increase but not decrease in serum hemolysin level,however,was observed in both groupsof RSG,peralleled with the finding that hemolytic plaques in PFC test were obviously biggerthan those in control.These results suggest that RSG has a selective activity to suppress the cellularimmune response without inhibiting the humoral immune response.The suppression to cellular im-munity by RSG may be presented mainly through affecting the inflammatory process after lym-phokine release.

Objective To investigate the early changes of CD4 + T cells and the relevant cytokines in blood of patients with severe trauma.Methods Sixty-one consecutive patients with trauma admitted into the 97th Hospital of PLA from September 2009 to November 2011 were enrolled in this study.The exclusion criteria included:① Patients were younger than 18 or older than 75 years.②Patients received blood transfusion.③Those suffered from immune system disorders,tumors or diabetes,or recent history of virus,bacteria or parasites infections.④ Those had current or recent treatment with corticosteroids or immunosuppressive drugs.According to ISS score ≥ 16,there were 61 traumatic patients divided into mild trauma group and severe trauma group.Seventeen healthy volunteers were taken as control subjects.At admission,the peripheral venous blood samples of patients were taken to count the number of CD3+,CD4 +,CD8 + T cells by flow cytometry and to detect TNF-α,INF-γ,IL-1,IL4,IL-6 and IL-12 levels in plasma by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,meanwhile the ratio of Th1 / Th2 type cytokine were calculated.Data were analyzed with t test and ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test by using SPSS version 16.0package.P value ＜ 0.05 was considered to be statistical significance.Results Compared with control group,mild trauma and severe trauma groups showed a similar decrease in number of CD3 + T cells,and severe trauma group showed a most significant decrease in number of CD4 + T cells.Severe trauma group had a lower INF-γ level compared with control group; IL-1 level in both mild trauma and severe trauma groups were lower than that in the control group; INF-γ/ IL-6 in severe group was significantly lower than that in the mild group.However,INF-γ IL-6 in mild group was higher than that in the control group.Conclusions The early stage of severe trauma exhibits a significant decrease in number of both CD3 + and CD4 +T cells,accompanied by a significant reduction in most of cytokines,and has a tendency of shift to Th2 type cytokine.Therefore,the changes of immune cells should be promptly and successively monitored after severe trauma.