Objective High mobility group box-1 protein ( HMGB1) plays an essential role in regulating energy metabolism of tumor cells via affecting mitochondrial autophagy .The aim of this study was to explore the effect of HMGB 1 on mitochondrial biogene-sis and cell energy metabolism in anoxia environment . Methods HepG2 cells were divided into normoxia control group ( cells were cultured in a culture box containing 5%CO2) , hypoxia control group ( cells were cultured in a culture box containing 1%O2+5%CO2+94%N2 ) , hypoxia HMGB1 siRNA group ( cells were cultured in a culture box containing 1% O2+5% CO2+94% N2 after transfected with HMGB1 siRNA) and hypoxia NC siRNA group ( cells were cultured in a culture box containing 1%O2+5%CO2+94%N2 after trans-fected with negative control siRNA ) .MTS assay was carried out to measure cell proliferation rate .The alterations of mitochondrial bio-genesis associated proteins were detected by RT-PCR and western blot.Mitochondrial density and morphology were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).The ATP content in whole cell extracts was determined with a colorimetric ATP detection kit . Results Compared with the hypoxia control and hypoxia NC siR-NA group, the proliferationof hypoxia HMGB1 siRNA group was significantly inhibited, especially in 48 h and 72 h(P<0.05).Com-pared with hypoxia control group and hypoxia NC siRNA group , the expression of PGC 1α, NRF1and TFAM in hypoxia HMGB1 siRNA group were decreased significantly ( P<0.05) .Western blot results showed that , compared with normoxia control group , the expressions of PGC1α(0.494±0.210 vs 0.090±0.020), NRF1(1.080±0.470 vs 0.581±0.190)and TFAM(1.585±0.340 vs 0.792±0.350) protein in hypoxia 24 h group were increased obviously ( P<0.05) .Compared with hypoxia control group and hypoxia NC siRNA group , the expres-sions of PGC 1α, NRF1 and TFAM protein in hypoxia HMGB1 siRNA group were significantly decreased (P<0.05).Compared with hypoxia control group , the content of ATP in the HMGB 1 siRNA hypoxia group was significantly decreased , and hypoxia 12 h and 24 h were the most obvious ( P<0.05) . Conclusion HMGB1 could maintain cell energy metabolism by regulating mitochondrial biogene-sis so that cells could continue to proliferate in adverse anoxia environment .

Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mycophenolic Acid ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Wide- angle viewing system as an important auxiliary device can clearly observe the whole fundus field of vision in vitreous surgery, which enable vitreoretinal surgery more efficient, safer and more effective. So it has very high application value in ophthalmologic operation. In this paper, we studied the development and application of wide - angle viewing system in vitreoretinal surgery in recent years, from which we summed up the advantage of non - contact wide - angle viewing system in clinical field, and pointed out the shortcomings. The ultimate goal is to make the non -contact wide - angle viewing system better applied in vitreous surgery.

OBJECTIVETo explore clinical significance of rotational axis of distal femur on Chinese adults in total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

METHODSThere were 86 Chinese adults (106 normal knees) including 47 males (53 knees) and 39 females (53 knees), 54 knees were on left and 52 on right. The CT scan was employed in the distal femur. The scan direction was aligned to be on the plane perpendicular to the mechanical axis of the femoral. The CT images of cross sections across lateral and medial femoral epicondyle were moved to personal computer,lateral angle between anterior posterior line (APL) and surgical transepicondylar axis (STEA) (ATA),lateral angle between posterior condylar line (PCL) and APL (APA), angle between perpendicularity of APL and PCL (A-PA), posterior condylar angle (PCA), condylar twist angle (CTA), angle between clinical transepicondylar axis (CTEA) and STEA (CSA) were measured. These values were divided into different groups according to gender and side, the values of CTA, PCA, A-PA, angle PT (varus of tibia plateau), constant 3, ATA, APA and constant 90° were compared by statistically. A-PA and PCA, and CTA were analysed statistically with the liner regression, the relationship among CTEA, STEA ,PCL, APL and PLP were performed to assess by liner regression.

RESULTSATA was (89.79 ± 1.22)°, APA was (84.84 ± 1.83)°, A-PA was (5.16 ± 1.83)°, PCA was (4.80 ± 1.23)°, CTA was (8.23 ± 1.40), CSA was (3.45 ± 0.68)°. All the parameters had no differences on sex and side,but CSA had difference on male and female. There was no difference among angle PT, PCA, A-PA. There was significant difference in CAT, constant 30 and angle PT, PCA,A-PA. There was no difference between ATA and constant 90°, but there was difference between APA and constant 90°. There was relativity between PCA and CTA, and also PCA and A-PA, CTA and A-PA. There was significant relativity between STEA and CTEA, between STEA and APL, between STEA and PCL, and also between APLP, APL and PCL, but there was no significant relativity between PCL and CTEA.

CONCLUSIONTKA for Chinese, the section of femoral posterior condyle should be external 5° to obtain the optimum rotational orientation. The property is different entirely between STEA and CTEA, the rotational alignment is not performed according to parallel to the CTEA in distal femur. Among STEA, APL, PCL, the STEA is the most reliable mark ofrotational alignment of the distal femur, and the PCL is the less reliable mark.

Adult ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Female ; Femur ; anatomy & histology ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rotation ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cytomegalovirus Infections ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; etiology ; Kidney Glomerulus ; pathology ; Male

In this paper, an analysis was made on the varieties and standards of labiatae medicinal plants used in Tibetan medicine. The results showed 71 species of labiatae plants in 21 genera (including varieties) recorded in relevant literatures, involving 44 varieties of medicinal materials. Specifically, seven species (9.9%) were intersected with traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), 19 varieties (43%) were recorded in Chinese medicinal material standards at all levels, and 27 species (38%) were source plants. In Tibetan medicine standards and literatures, there are great differences between Tibetan names and translated Chinese names and among varieties of source plants. Apart from a few of varieties intersected with traditional Chinese medicines had complete standards and regulations in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, most of species only had characters, microscopic, physical and chemical identifications in Standards Issued by Ministry of Health-Tibetan Medicine, Tibetan Medicine Standard and local standards. Therefore, the Tibetan medicinal material variety-source specification and quality standard system shall be promoted on the basis of literatures research, investigations for resources and current applications and modern pharmaceutical studies.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Lamiaceae ; chemistry ; classification ; Medicine, Tibetan Traditional ; standards ; Phytotherapy ; standards ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; classification

The study aims to investigate the embryo-fetus development toxicity of the novel PPAR-δ agonist HS060098 on SD rats. The pregnant rats that were randomly divided into the solvent control group (1% hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose water solution) and HS060098 suspension groups (10, 30 and 100 mg x kg(-1) xd(-1)) were orally administered with HS060098 suspension or vehicle during the gestation of 6 -15 days (GD6-15). At termination (GD20), female rats were sacrificed. The pregnant females were evaluated by corpora lutea count, implantation sites, existence and death of embryos. Fetal sex, weight, externals, variations and malformations of viscus and skeleton were observed. The results show that there were no significant abnormality in maternal general conditions and fetal appearance as well as viscera, but in the 100 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) group, the maternal weight gain decreased greatly (P < 0.01) and the skeletal ossification delayed remarkably (P < 0.01); in the 30 mg x kg(-1) xd(-1) group, the fatal and litter number of incompletely ossified sternebrae II was higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05); the skeletal malformations occurred in all dose groups, which indicate that the novel PPAR-δ agonist HS060098 had maternal toxicity and adversely effected fetal skeletal development under the experimental conditions.
Animals ; Bone and Bones ; drug effects ; Embryonic Development ; drug effects ; Female ; Fetal Weight ; PPAR delta ; agonists ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Toxicity Tests

Objective To investigate the significance and distribution of lymphopenia and antilymphocyte antibody(ALA) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to explore the role of ALA in lympho penia.Methods One hundred and ten in-patients who were admitted during February 2003 to February 2008 were retrospectively reviewed.Indirect immunofluorescence test was used to detect ALA.Results ① Lymphopenia (＜1.5×109/L) was observed in 68.2% patients.Lymphopenia was associated with skin rashes,serositis,renal involvement,NPSLE,leucopenia,ANA,ds-DNA antibody,ESR and IgG levels.The lymphocyte count and SLEDAI scores was more closely correlated than total white blood cell counts.②ALA was positive in 51/110 (46.4%) patients.ALA was associated with renal involvement,NPSLE,WBC count,C3 level decrease,ANA,dsDNA antibody and SLEDAI scores.Conclusion Lymphopenia is significantly associated with SLEDAI scores.ALA is possibly one cause of lymphcytopenia.In addition,ALA is also a parameter for disease activity,and is associated with organ involvement and outcomes.

Targeting drug delivery system (TDDS) is one of the most concerned research fields in cancer treatment because it can bind selectively and react with the target diseased sites at the cellular or sub-cellular level, making distribution and release of drugs in a controlled manner, thus enhance therapeutic effects and reduce toxic and side-effects on normal cells. Polyamidoamine dendrimer (PAMAMD) is a kind of newly developed polymer in nanometer degree. Hyper-branched, monodispersity, three-dimensional structure and host-guest entrapment ability make it used as drug carrier, gene delivery system and imaging agent. Various targeting ligands, which have high affinity to specific organs, tissues or cells in human body, can be linked to surface functional groups of PAMAMD. And drugs and theoretical gene are carried by encapsulation or chemical conjugation. Finally, PAMAMD targeting drug delivery system can carry drugs and theoretical gene to diseased sites and then release them for targeted therapy. The PAMAMD-based conjugates have small size, ligh permeability and retention effect (EPR), low toxicity and so on. The research progress of PAMAMD modified by different ligands in targeting drug delivery system is reviewed, and research direction of the PAMAMD targeting delivery system in the future is also suggested.
Amino Acids ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Biotin ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Dendrimers ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Drug Carriers ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Folic Acid ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Humans ; Ligands ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Polyamines ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Polyethylene Glycols ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Transferrin ; administration & dosage ; chemistry

Objective To evaluate the results of treating the persistent Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis(HSPN) by injecting methylprednisolone into intra-renal capsule in children.Methods Twenty-two patients(aged from 6 to 13 years) with persistent HSPN were randomly divided into 3 groups.Group I was treated with prednisone;group Ⅱ was treated with high dosage methylprednisolone by venous injection,while group Ⅲ was treated by injecting methylprednisolone into intra-renal capsule.The 24 h urinary protein excretion,the levels of serum albumin and creatinine,or the blood cholesterole in children with persistent HSPN were detected at the beginning,4 weeks and 8 weeks of the study.The blood pressure,body weight were detected in the study duration.Results The values of 24 h urinary protein excretion were(2.35?1.09),(0.97?0.37),and(0.99?0.52) g(P