This paper analyzes the cultural features in the titles of ancient traditional Chinese medical works and how do they affect the translation of these titles into English.explores the methods with which culture-rich titles of these works are rendered based on culture translating skills including transplantation.annotation,paraphrase and substitution with examples,and finally concludes several principles for translation of ancient traditional Chinese medical works into English.

Asthma ; Child ; Cough ; Humans ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; complications ; diagnosis ; therapy

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) refers to tne transition during which epithelial cells undergo the loss of apical-basal polarity, acquisition of migration capability and transformation into mesenchymal cells. EMT induces breast cancer in situ to developing into metastasis and associates with the drug resistence. The multiple elements including signal pathways, transcriptional factors and downstream genes orchestrate the transition. Among them, the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathway plays a key role in the regulation of EMT in breast cancer. And this paper reviews the development of TGF-β signaling pathway induced EMT in breast cancer.
Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Humans ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; physiology

Objective To compare the survival rate of two kinds of neurovenofasciocutaneous flaps and investigate the venous reverse flow of flaps.MethodsTen New Zealand White rabbits were randomly allocated into 2 groups of 10 flaps(group A: the lesser saphenous sural pedicled fasciocutanous flaps,blood supply provided with perforator arteries;group B: the lesser saphenous sural pedicled fasciocutanous flaps,blood supply provided with axial type artery).The survival rate of flaps in two groups was observed.Pedicles of flaps were harvested and examined histologically.ResultsThe survival rate of flaps in group A was significantly lower than that in group B[(15.2?16.7)% vs(94.1?6.4)%,P

Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy of Chinese and western integrative medicine (TCM-WM) in treating repeatedly recurrent chronic pyelonephritis (CPN) and its therapeutic mechanism. Methods: Ninety-one repeatedly recurrent CPN patients were randomly divided into 2 groups, the control group (45 cases) treated with sufficient amount of sensitive antibiotics and other WM, the treated group (46 cases) treated with above-mentioned WM complemented with TCM syndrome differentiation (SD). Results: In the treated group completely cured was 14 cases (30.4%), markedly effective 14 cases (30.4%), the total effective rate was 91.3%; while that of the control group was 4 (8.9%), 5 (11.1%), and 48.9% respectively, (P<0.05) and (P<0.01); the mean days of urinary bacteria and urinary routine negative conversion were in the treated group 19.6±12.6 days and 24.3±11.5 days, obviously shorter than those of the control group (35.6±14.6 days and 53.6±16.4 days), P<0.01; the various symptoms of the treated group improved or disappeared in a short time, while in the control group a few patients improved in a longer period (P<0.01); the various immune parameters improved in the treated group, while in the control group only IgA was elevated to some extent (P<0.05), in comparing these data, the difference was significant (P<0.01). Conclusion: The TCM-WM integrative treatment could obviously raise the clinical efficacy, accelerate the symptom improvement, and enhance the immune function.

Objective Through exploring the concordance of objective multi-parameters analysis and perceptual evaluation,to establish an objective multi-parameters evaluation protocol of voice disorder and to make the evaluation of voice objectification and quantification. Methods Voice samples from 271 patients ( 124 female and 147 male)with dysphonia and 69 control subjects with normal voice (37 female and 32 male)were recorded and assessed by a jury composed of 5 experts in phoniatrics from different hospitals.The jury was instructed to classify voice samples according to the G (grade) component of the GRBAS scale on a visual analogue scale secondarily transformed in a 4-point scale ranging from 0 for normal to 3 for severe dysphonia. The voice samples were unified sentences and ordered randomly 3 times,the mean of 3 evaluation scores were the final results.The objective parameters,including fundamental frequency ( F0),jitter,shimmer,fundamental frequency standard deviation (FOSD),normalized noise energy (NNE),harmonic-to-noise ratio (HNR) and maximal phonatory time ( MPT),were measured on a 2-second sustained vowel/a/ including its initial segment,using the software Dr.Speech for Windows.The data were analyzed using SPSS11.0.Results All objective parameters except for F0 had high correlation with G and the variance tendency of these parameters values was coherent with the extent of voice disorder.And there were statistical differences between adjacent voice disorder groups. Male and female objective multi-parameters protocols were established respectively consisting of jitter,shimmer,FOSD, NNE,HNR and MPT using discriminant analysis ( P ＜ 0.05 ). The concordance between perceptual evaluation and objective multiparameters evaluation was 81.6％ in male and 83.2％ in female.The concordance of evaluation of normal voice and severe voice disorder groups were better than that of mild and moderate voice disorder groups.All mis-grading voices were judged in the adjacent voice group.Conclusions The objective parameters of voice are able to reflect the characteristic of its perceptual evaluation and the concordance between perceptual evaluation and objective multi-parameters evaluation is good. The objective multi-parameters evaluation protocol we established could provide an objective and quantitative evaluation method for voice disorders.

Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) plays critical roles in cell biological functions. Here we investigated the effects of SphK1 inhibitor SKI II on hepatoma HepG2 cell cycle progression and invasion. Cell survival was determined by SRB assay, cell cycle progression was assayed by flow cytometry, the ability of cell invasion was measured by Matrigel-Transwell assay and protein expression was detected by Western blotting. The results showed that SKI II markedly inhibited HepG2 cell survival in a dose-dependent manner, induced G1 phase arrest in HepG2 cell and inhibited cell invasion. SKI II markedly decreased the expressions of G1-phase-related proteins CDK2, CDK4 and Cdc2 and the levels of cell invasion-associated proteins MMP2 and MMP9. The results showed that SKI II inhibited cell cycle progression and cell invasion, implying SphK1 as a potential target for hepatoma treatment.
CDC2 Protein Kinase ; Cell Movement ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 ; metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 ; metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases ; metabolism ; G1 Phase ; drug effects ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Thiazoles ; pharmacology

This study aimed to investigate the synergistic effect of lidamycin (LDM) and rituximab on human B cell lymphoma Ramos cells. Cell proliferation was measured using MTS assay, cell apoptosis was analyzed by Annexin V-FITC/PI assay, the expression of apoptosis related proteins was analyzed by Western blotting, and the in vivo lymphoma inhibition was verified using BALB/c mice inoculated via tail vein using Ramos cells which stably expressed pEGFP-N1 plasmid. The results showed that, after the pretreatment with rituximab for 48 h, rituximab and LDM showed significantly synergistic effects on cell proliferation. Cells in combined treatment group had a higher apoptosis rate than that in LDM treatment group. Compared with the LDM treatment group, the expression of apoptosis-related proteins such as Cleaved caspase-3, Cleaved caspase-7, Cleaved caspase-9 and Cleaved PARP in combined treatment groups increased, and expression of cIAP-2 and Bcl-2 decreased. The result of in vivo experiment showed that, in the combined treatment group, the survival time of BALB/c mice was significantly longer than the mice in control group and LDM treatment group, and the degree of tumor accumulation and metastasis to lymph nodes and spleen was lower.
Aminoglycosides ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Caspase 7 ; metabolism ; Caspase 9 ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Drug Synergism ; Enediynes ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; metabolism ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rituximab ; pharmacology

Child ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Male ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To evaluate the effect of point-of-care hemoglobin/hematocrit (POC HGB/HCT) devices and intraoperative blood salvage on the amount of perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion and blood conservation in clinical practice.Methods A total of 46 378 medical records of 22 selected hospitals were reviewed. The volume of allogeneic red blood cell and plasma, number of patients transfused, number of intraoperative autologous blood salvage, total volume of autologous blood transfusion, and amount of surgery in the year of 2011 and 2013 were tracked. Paired t-test was used in intra-group comparison, while t-test of two isolated samples carried out in inter-group comparison. P<0.05 was defined as statistically significant difference.Results In the hospitals where POC HGB/HCT device was used (n=9), the average allogeneic blood transfusion volume per 100 surgical cases in 2013 was significantly lower than that in 2011 (39.86±20.20 vs. 30.49±17.50 Units, t=3.522, P=0.008). In the hospitals without POC HGB/HCT meter, the index was not significantly different between 2013 and 2011. The average allogeneic blood transfusion volume was significantly reduced in 2013 than in 2011 in the hospitals where intraoperative autologous blood salvage ratio [autologous transfusion volume/(autologous transfusion volume+allogeneic transfusion volume)] was increased (n=12, t=2.290, P=0.042). No significant difference of the above index was found in the hospitals whose autologous transfusion ratio did not grow.Conclusion Intraoperative usage of POC HGB/HCT devices and increasing autologous transfusion ratio could reduce perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion.