Objective In this study,we aimed at investigating the clinical,laboratory and management characteristics of adolescent-onset SLE patients compared with adult-onset SLE patients.Methods 470 fe- male patients with SLE were divided into two subgroups:adolescent-onset SLE patients and adult-onset SLE patients.The analyzed variables included clinical,laboratory parameters,damage index and outcome charac- teristics.Results In 470 female patients with SLE,there were 98(20.85%)adolescent-onset SLE patients. The following manifestations occurred more frequently in adolescent-onset SLE patients:malar rash,cutaneous vasculitis,proteinuria and abnormal liver function.Adolescent-onset SLE patients had more severe disease features and had significantly higher mean value of SLEDAI.Mortality was higher in adolescent-onset SLE pa- tients than aduh-onset SLE patients.Renal and blood system were the organs that most frequently involved. Conclusion Adolescent-onset SLE patients accounts for roughly 20.85% of all SLE cases.It is necessary to pay more attention to adolescent-onset SLE patients because the management for them is usually more difficult and the prognosis is usually poorer than aduh-onset SLE patients.

Objective To investigate the biokinetics of 131 I and its absorbed dose in patients with metastatic DTC. Methods Forty?one patients with metastatic DTC who were referred to 131 I therapy were prospectively recruited from September 2009 to September 2011. Scintigraphic images were serially acquired after the ingestion of 131I (3.70-9.25 GBq) to assess the biokinetics. CT was used to measure the masses of the DTC lesions. Calculation of absorbed doses to DTC lesions was based on the Medical Internal Radiation Dosimetry formula of the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. Kruskal?Wallis rank sum test was used to compare the differences of absorbed dose among different tumor deposits. Results In total, 59 io?dine?avid metastatic lesions (35 in cervical lymph node, 17 in lung and 7 in bone) in 41 patients were evalu?ated and the mean absorbed dose of DTC lesions was (10.4±6.5) Gy/GBq, with range of 0.1 to 136.2 Gy/GBq. The median absorbed dose was 11.3 Gy/GBq for lymph node metastase, 10.1 Gy/GBq for lung metastases and 9.6 Gy/GBq for bone metastases. There were no statistically significant differences in absorbed doses a?mong the metastases of lymph node, lung and bone ( Z=0.907, P>0.05) . Conclusion A wide inter?lesion variation of absorbed dose to metastatic DTC is observed.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cytomegalovirus Infections ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; etiology ; Kidney Glomerulus ; pathology ; Male

Objectives To reveal etiologies of persistent isolated hematuria (PIH) through ultrastructural pathological examination, to disclose clinicopathological correlation in cases with PIH, and to summarize appropriate management of patients with PIH.
Methods we retrospectively studied 155 PIH patients receiving renal biopsy between January, 2003 and December, 2008 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. All the clinical data and follow-up result were analyzed.
Results All subjects included 38 children and 117 adults, with mean age of 11.38±3.25 years for children and 35.17±8.44 years for adults. Thin basement membrane nephropathy (TBMN) was the most common pathology (55.3% of children and 49.6% of adults), followed by IgA nephropathy (18.4% of children and 32.5% of adults, mainly grade 2-3) and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN) without IgA deposition (13.2%of children and 12.8%of adults). Besides, Alport syndrome (2.6%of children) and membrane nephropathy (2.6%of children and 0.9%of adults) were demonstrated as other causes of PIH. Elevated mean arteral pressure or protein excretion rate, as well as episodic macrohematuria, indicated higher risk for MsPGN rather than TBMN. On the other hand, severity of microhematuria was irrelevant to pathological types of PIH. Totally, 86 patients were followed up and 37 cases therein stayed on track for long term (mean duration 41.11±28.92 months, range 8-113 months). Most cases had benign clinical course except 3 cases with TBMN, 5 cases with IgA nephropathy, 1 case with MsPGN (without IgA deposition), and 1 case with Alport syndrome, who developed hypertension or proteinuria. All of them were administered timely intervention.
Conclusions Close follow-up should be required as the primary management for PIH. Equally important is careful monitoring for early identification of undesirable predictors;while renal biopsy and other timely intervention are warranted if there is hypertension, significant proteinuria or renal impairment.

As a novel targeting drug delivery system, acid-sensitive micelles have many advantages, such as increasing solubility of lipophilic drugs, acid-sensitive release, high drug loading, etc. They can load drugs though non-covalent encapsulation and covalent conjugation methods. In tumor tissues, drugs are released quickly from the depolymerized micelles with lipophilic copolymer protonation or lypohydrophilic copolymer hydrolysis and covalent conjugated drugs are released when the acid-sensitive covalent linkage breaks. This review mainly advances acid-sensitive micelles for the tumor targeting drug delivery systems from drug-loaded methods and release mechanisms.
Animals ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Doxorubicin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Lactates ; chemistry ; Micelles ; Paclitaxel ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Polymers

Objective The technique of repetitive element-based polymerase chain reaction(rep-PCR)was used to track an epi- demic of nosocomial infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus in our hospital.Methods The 50 S.aureus isolates were identi fled by PHOENIX-100 automatic Microbiological Identification System.Oxacillin-salt-supplemented agar was used to screen methicillin-resistant S.aureus(MRSA)phenotype.The resistant gene mecA was tested by PCR.The technique of rep-PCR was applied to type S.aureus isolates.Results The mecA gene was identified in 22 of the 50 S.aureus isolates.Nineteen of the 22 strains were isolated from patients.Nine to eleven bands were observed in electrophoretic pattern of all the 50 S.aureus iso- lates by rep-PCR under the conditions of this study.These strains were accordingly classified into 11 different genotypes.Con- clusions The rep-PCR technique is a rapid,simple and reliable genotyping method.It is an ideal tool to track the source of noso- comial infections at molecular level.

Four strains of aerobic denitrifying bacteria were isolated from biomembrane of the laboratory biofilter by selective medium. The denitrifying rates of these four strains were found more than 80% under aerobic condition for 40 hours. The denitrifying rate of A1 was highest, which was 99.05%. When measuring the course of nitrogen element changing, it is found that they accumulated nitrite expect the strain A1. The strain A1 was gram positive and spherical. It is identified as Pseudomonas putida based on its biochemical and morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA sequences(genbank accession NO.DQ836052.1). For the strain A1, the optimum beginning pH was 7.0 around, and the optimum tempera- ture was 30 ℃ around, The change of DO did not influence the effect of denitrification when it was more than 2.0 mg/L.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the absorbed dose to the thyroid remnant and the outcome of m I ablation in patients after operation for DTC.Methods Seventy-two patients (14 males,58 females; age range:16-67 years,average age:(41±16) years) with DTC,prepared for thyroid remnant ablation,were prospectively recruited from September 2009 to September 2011.Scintigraphic images of the head and neck were serially acquired after oral administration of 3.7 GBq of 131I to assess the biokinetics of this tracer in thyroid remnant.Ultrasound was used to measure the mass of the thyroid remnant.Calculation of absorbed dose to thyroid remnant was based on the Medical Internal Radiation Dosimetry formula of the Society of Nuclear Medicine.The outcome of 131 I ablation was evaluated on the basis of stimulated Tg measurements and neck ultrasound at 6-9 months after ablation.Patients with stimulated Tg levels less than 1 μg/L and with no detectable thyroid tissue on neck ultrasound were considered successful ablation of thyroid remnant.Two-sample t test was used to analyze the data.Results The 131I uptake ratios at 24 h were 0.9％-6.3％ in 72 patients and the effective half-lives of 131I were 12.0-146.4 h.The thyroid remnant masses were 1.0-6.9 g; absorbed doses were 23-2 197 Gy,and absorbed dose rates at 24 h were 0.5-8.1 Gy/h.No significant difference was observed in absorbed doses to thyroid remnants in 43 patients having successful ablation and 29 patients having unsuccessful ablation ((363± 148) Gy vs (341± 167) Gy,t =15.097,P＞0.05).However,the absorbed dose-rates of thyroid remnants at 24 h were significantly higher in patients with successful ablation than those in patients with unsuccessful ablation ((3.7±2.1) Gy/h vs (2.9±1.6) Gy/h,t=7.908,P＜0.05).Conclusion A successful ablation is strongly dependent on the absorbed dose-rate of thyroid remnant.

For patients with DTC,the side effect of 131I therapy on fertility and offspring is an important issue since genital tissues are highly sensitive to radiation.Exposure to 131 I radiation may result in transient impairment of gonadal function in male patients caused by elevated levels of serum follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone,low sperm count and motility.In female patients,exposure to 131I radiation may be complicated with delay of menstruation,oligomenorrhea and transient cessation of menstrual period.Most of these symptoms may resolve within one year after 131 I therapy.A slightly earlier menopause is the only reported long-term side effect of 131I therapy on ovarian function.Currently available data do not indicate that exposure to 131I may cause permanent infertility in male patients with DTC.For female patients with DTC,131 I therapy does not affect fertility or pregnancy outcomes beyond one year.

Objective To determine the activities of 131I for treating differentiated thyroid carcinoma with diffuse pulmonary metastases ( DTC-DPM ) from the perspective of internal radiation dosimetry.Methods According to Medical Internal Radiation Dosimetry (MIRD) schema, the activity constraint,from which the whole bdy retention at 48 h should not exceed 2.96 GBq (2.96 GBq rule), was converted to dose-rate constraint(DRC) to lungs at 48 h ( DRCLU ·48 h ) in 131I therapy for DTC-DPM. Based on the assumption of DRCLU·48 h at 48 h in lung, the fractions of whole body activities ( F48 ), the effective half times of 131I in lungs ( TLL ) and the remainder of body ( TRB ) were 0.6-0.9, 20- 120 h, and 10- 20 h, respectively. The maximum safe activities of 131I for different human phantoms from the Organ Level Internal Dose Assessment (OLINDA) software were calculated. Results According to MIRD schema and 2.96 GBq rule, DRCLU ·48 h should not exceed 46.4 mGy/h in 131I therapy for DTC-DPM. Depending on varying F48 h,TLL and TRB, the maximum safe activities of 131I were 6.77-81.36, 5.29-56.20, 5.08-55.19 and 3.87-40. 52 GBq for the male adult, female adult, 15-year-old, and 10-year-old patients with DTC-DPM, respec tively. Conclusion Dosimetry-guided 131I therapy for DTC-DPM considers adequately the differences of 131I kinetics in individual patients and can adjust administered activities of 131I on the precondition of avoiding radiological pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis.