The root canal system of mandibular second molar is complex.This article presents one case with type 1-2 mesial root canal of mandibular second molar.The canal was treated by warm gutta percha,and conformed by X-ray examination and dental operating microscopy.

Objective To establish an in-vitro root canal-apical complex model for studying the mechanisms of the infected root canal to apical periodontitis and periapical biofilm .Methods Single rooted premolar extracted for orthodontic ,was sealed in sterile vial containing LB solid medium ,and the culture medium covered apical thirds .Totally 25 root canal-apical complex models were prepared .Five models were randomly selected for the bacteria detection in periapical by PCR at 1st day .The remained 20 models were randomly subjected to a control group(n=10) and experimental group(n=10) .Extracted teeth were opened in experimental group and control group with no treatment .All models were exposed in air .At 21st day ,bacteria were detected through PCR in root canal and apical;endotoxin content in apical was assayed by chromogenic end-point limulus test .Results In apical ,bacteria was not found in all groups ,but not for the experimental group .The mean endotoxin content was (8 .913 ± 0 .614)EU/mL in control group and (10 .525 ± 0 .981)EU/mL in experimental group .The endotoxin content was increased significantly in experimental group ,when compared with control group(P<0 .01) .Conclusion Root canal-apical complex was established in vitro through this method .Bac-teria was not easy to reach the apical when the infected root canal was not disturbed .Bacteria in the infected root canal caused apical periodontitis through the secretion of virulence factors such as endotoxin .

Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effect of grape proanthocyanidins (GPC) on P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(P38MAPK)pathway in mice with breast cancer . Methods: BALB/C mice inoculated with EMT-6 breast cancer cells were given 10, 100 and 200 mg/kg bw GPC po daily for 2 w. The expression levels of phosphorylated P38MAPK and matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2)protein were detected by Western blot. Results: The levels of phosphorylation P38MAPK in tumor control group and 200 mg/kg GPC group were 1.16?0.18 和 0.58?0.12 respectively,and the levels of MMP-2 protein were 0.98 ?0.04 和 0.69?0.04 respectively. The differences between the two groups were significant (P

Cold Temperature ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Occupational Diseases ; diagnosis ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; Skin Temperature ; Thermosensing ; physiology

Objective To investigate the effect of enamel matrix proteins (EMPs) on gene expression in human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) by cDNA microarray. Methods hBMSCs were cultured in vitro by whole bone marrow technique. Those stimulated with EMPs at a concentration of 200 ?g/mL in vitro were classified as test group, and those normally cultured were served as control. Afer culturing for 5 days, a cDNA microarray containing 4 096 genes was used to detect and analyze the gene expression. Four differentially-expressed genes in cDNA microarray were determined by real-time PCR for validation of the microarray data. Results Twenty-seven genes of hBMSCs were differentially expressed in the presence of EMPs, among which 18 were up-regulated and 9 down-regulated. The result of real-time PCR was in accordance with that of the cDNA microarray. Conclusion cDNA microarray technique can screen the differentially-expressed genes in hBMSCs treated with EMPs, which lays a foundation for the research of molecular mechanism of EMPs in inducing the regeneration of periodontal tissue.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Batroxobin ; therapeutic use ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Fibrinolytic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Hearing Loss, Sudden ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate diagnose accordance rate of thyroid function tests .Methods Clinical data of 15 579 patients suspected with thyroid diseases ,treated during 2011 and 2013 ,were collected ,who were divided into hyperthyroidism group ,hypot‐hyroidism group ,normal group and other diseases group .Proportions of each type of patients were calculated .In each group ,100 pa‐tients were randomly selected to analyze the diagnose accordance rate of thyroid function tests .Results Among all of the 15 579 pa‐tients ,the proportion of hyperthyroidism(24 .73% ) ,hypothyroidism(9 .83% ) and other thyroid diseases(7 .56% ) were statistically different with the proportion of normal thyroid function (57 .89% ,P< 0 .05) .The diagnose accordance rates of thyroid function tests were 81 .00%‐99 .00% .Conclusion Thyroid function tests could be helpful for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of thy‐roid diseases ,but still with probability of missed diagnosis .

Objective To investigate the expression levels of MiR‐96 ,HIF‐1α,Twist and Slug and other predisposing gene in cervical cancer .Methods In this study ,128 patients with cervical cancer treated in our hospital from March 2010 to May 2014 were selected as the observation group ,and 100 cases of healthy people were selected as control group .MiR‐96 ,HIF‐1α,Twist and Slug and other predisposing gene expression levels in cancer tissues were tested .(1) HIF‐1α:HIF‐1α kit was used to detect HIF‐1αmonoclonal antibodies ,the kit was prepared and stained according to the requirements ,and the positive cell rate greater than 10%under the microscope were positive .(2) MiR‐96 ,Twist and Slug:total RNA was extracted according to the instructions ,the RNA was reverse transcribed ,the relative expression values MiR‐96 ,Twist and Slug were detected by quantitative PCR .Results (1) HIF‐1αwas not expressed in normal tissues .And in tumor tissues ,the positive expression rate was much higher than that of normal tissue ,there was a significant difference(P<0 .05);(2)the relative expression values of MiR‐96 in tumor tissue were much greater than that of normal tissue (P<0 .05);(3) the relative expression rate of Twist and Slug gene in the tumor tissue were also much higher than that of normal organizations (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Compared with normal tissues ,MiR‐96 ,HIF‐1α,Twist and Slug gene expression in tumor tissues are significantly greater .

Objective To prepare Mtb8.4 gene vaccine and to study the cellular immune response induced by the vaccine. Methods The gene encoding Mtb8.4 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis was amplified by PCR and cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1 (+). C57BL/6N mice were vaccinated three times with Mtb8.4 gene vaccine at 3 weeks interval. Four weeks after the final inoculation, mice were sacrificed to assess cytokine response and CTL induction. Results The IFN-? and IL-2 titers were 787.317?45.586pg/ml and 319.953?57.978pg/ml in Mtb8.4 gene vaccine group, 1 486.540?39.600pg/ml and 767.043?50.269pg/ml in BCG group, respectively. The level of IL-4 in BCG group (90.580?10.998 pg/ml) increased significantly as compared to other groups (P

Objective To explore the relationship between intercranial hemodynamics and nitric oxide(NO),endothelin(ET),nailfold microcirculation in patients with migraine.Methods 50 patients with migraine and 40 normal controls underwent the measurement of intracranial hemodynamics,naifold microcirculation and the level of plasma ET,NO.The results of the two groups were compared and analyzed.Results The blood flow velocity of intracranial arteries was significantly higher in the patients than that in the normal controls( P