18F-fluorodeoxyglucos (18F-FDG) PET/CT can provide metabolic information for three dimensional conformal radiation therapy planning. The biological target volume may be influenced by many factors. Studies of target delineation using 18F-FDG PET/CT and methods to improve the misalignment of PET and CT images due to breathing were reviewed in this article.

Conventional CT plays an important role in the diagnosis, staging, radiotherapy target delineation, and prognosis of NSCLC, but it still has many limitations.PET/CT has been widely used in the diagnosis and treamtent of lung cancer.In particular, PET/CT metabolic parameters have great guiding significance in the prognosis of NSCLC patients undergoing radiotherapy, and may be superior to many clinical indices.This review summarizes the advances in the application of PET/CT in the prognostic evaluation of NSCLC patients undergoing radiotherapy.

Objective To study the effect of 3％ hypertonic saline(HS) and 20％ mannitol on cerebral oxygen metabolism in patients undergoing neurosurgery for supratentorial glioma.Methods 56 patients undergoing neurosurgery for supratentorial glioma were evenly divided into two groups.Group A(n =28) was treated by 3％ hypertonic saline(5.35ml/kg).Group B (n =28) was treated by 20％ mannitol(1 g/kg).CSFP was tested before hypertonic saline or mannitol infusion (T0),immediately (T1),15,30,60,120min after infusion (T2 ～5).Various blood-gas indexes were observed at To,T3 ～5.CaO2,CjvO2,Da-jvO2 and CERO2 were calculated.Results CSFP significantly dropped from T2 to T5 in both groups (P ＜ 0.05).Da-jvO2 and CERO2 were significantly reduced at T4～5 in both groups (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference between the two groups.Conclusion 3 ％ HS is as efficient as 20％ mannitol in reducing intracranial pressure and improving cerebral oxygen metabolism in patients undergoing neurosurgery for supratentorial glioma.

Objective To determine the brain protective effects of inhalation anesthetic pretreatment in infants undergoing open-heart surgery under extracorporeal circulation (ECC).Methods Forty-five infants (no more than 3 years old) with congenital heart diseases who received surgical treatment were divided into 3 groups by table of random digit,sevoflurane pretreatment group (group S,15 cases),isoflurane pretreatment group (group Ⅰ,15 cases) and control group (group C,15 cases).In pretreatment group,all infants had been inhaled 1.0-1.5 MAC sevoflurane or isoflurane continually for over 60 min after intubation,while group C did not receive pretreatment.Blood samples were taken before (T1) and in 5 min after ECC (T2),occlusion of aorta (T3),30 min after ECC (T4),end ofECC (T4),and 6 and 24 h after the end of ECC (T6 and T7).Serum levels of S 100 β protein and neurone specific enolase (NSE) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results There was no significant difference in the serum levels of S100β protein and NSE among the 3 groups in T1 (P＞0.05).There was no significant difference in the serum levels of S100β protein and NSE in group S and group Ⅰ between T1 and T2-7 (P＞ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the serum levels of S100 β protein and NSE in T2-7 between group S and group Ⅰ (P ＞ 0.05).In group C,there were significant differences in the serum levels of S100 β protein in T4-6 and NSE in T4-7 than those in T1 (P＜ 0.05).In T4-6,the serum levels of S100 β protein and NSE in group S and group Ⅰ were significantly lower than those in group C [S100 β protein:(0.45 ± 0.31),(0.47 ± 0.35) μ g/L vs.(0.73 ± 0.31) μ g/L,(0.53 ± 0.33),(0.54 ± 0.36) μ g/L vs.(0.91 ± 0.30) μ g/L,(0.47 ± 0.34),(0.49 ±0.35) μ g/L vs.(0.79 ± 0.40) μ g/L,P ＜ 0.05； NSE:(3.26 ± 1.34),(3.32 ± 1.34) μ g/L vs.(7.20 ± 2.71)μ g/L,(5.57 ± 1.49),(5.61 ± 1.52) μ g/L vs.(7.68 ± 3.68) μ g/L,(2.29 ± 1.21),(2.34 ± 1.22) μ g/L vs.(9.46 ± 4.61) μg/L,P ＜ 0.05].Conclusion Sevoflurane or isoflurane pretreatment significantly decreases the serum levels of S100 β protein and NSE during open-heart operation in infants with ECC.

Objective To explore the effect of Danggui shaoyao powder combined with Sanhuang lotion fumigation on serum TGF-β1,IL-4 and IL-10 in the treatment of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease.Methods 38 cases with chronic pelvic inflammatory disease were selected and divided into the control group (19 cases) and the experiment group(19 cases) according to the random number table.The control group were treated with Sanhuang lotion fumigation bath, the experiment group were treated on the basis of the control group with Danggui shaoyao powder, 10 days for a course of treatment, a total of two courses of treatment.The serum IL-4, IL-10, TGF-β1 and clinical efficacy were compared before and after treatmentbetweentwo groups.Results The total effective rate of the experiment group was 94.74%, which was higher than 84.21% of the control group(P<0.05).After treatment, the clinical symptom score in experiment group was lower than that in control group, the serum levels of IL-4 and TGF-β1 were lower than those in control group, the serum level of IL-10 was higher than that in control group (P<0.05).Conclusion Danggui shaoyao powder combined with Sanhuang lotion fumigation could decreases IL-4 and TGF-β1 levels, increase IL-10 level and improve the inflammatory state in the treatment of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease.

Objective To study the relationship of total serum testosterone and free testosterone with the age of men. Methods A total of 136 heathy men were classified into six groups. Enzyme immunoassay was applied to measure the serum level of testosterone and free testosterone, and then the relationship between the androgen change and the age was analyzed. Results The level of testosterone of 20-, 30-, 40-, 50-, 60- and 70-78 age group were (6.208?2.275),(4.960?1.719),(5.910?3.054),(4.964?1.531) ,(3.967?2.514) and (4.146?2.497) mg/L respectively.Free testosterone concertrations were:(23.300?9.530),(22.060?12.627),(16.290?6.858),(14.782?6.851) ,(14.005?8.724) and (12.256?7.462) ng/L respectively. The level of blood testosterone decreased in 60-year age groups and the difference between 20-, 30-year old group and 60-year old group was significant (P

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the overall situation about the study on compatible stability of drugs. METHODS: The compatible stability of drugs reported in a total of 113 articles in 2005 in 52 kinds of periodicals were retrieved from CHKD and summarized analytically. RESULTS: The drug categories involved were chiefly antibiotics (59%), Chinese traditional medicines or Chinese drug components (20%) and other drugs (21%). Quantitative analyses in 91 articles were chiefly conducted by ultraviolet spectrophotometry (79%) or HPLC (20%). CONCLUSION: Because the ultraviolet spectrophotometry was greatly used and some experimental designs were not well-knit enough, the reliability of experimental results of compatible stability of drugs might be seriously affected, which poses a great danger to the clinical compatible use of drugs.

OBJECTIVE: The latency-intensity function (LIF) of wave V from click ABR of some deaf children showed great variation. We attempted to find out the intrinsic reasons. METHOD: The children recieved tone-burst ABR test. RESULT: Frequencies from 0.5-4.0 kHz have been tested and the thresholds of tone-burst ABR were recorded. The average thresholds of steeply LIF children at 0.5-4.0 kHz were (93.13 ± 7.04), (79.37 ± 7.72), (69.38 ± 8.54) (66.25 ± 8.06) dB respectively, while the average thresholds of shallower LIF children at these 4 frequencies were (65.00 ± 7.32) (68.13 ± 6.55) (70.63 ± 6.80) (78.12 ± 8.34) dB respectively. CONCLUSION The results imply that the child with steeply LIF may have more hearing loss at frequencies 0.5 and 1 kHz than those with shallower LIF. LIF may predict the audiogram configuration.
Audiometry, Pure-Tone ; Auditory Threshold ; Child ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; Hearing Loss ; diagnosis ; Humans

Acetabulum ; injuries ; surgery ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of breviscapine on memory and antioxidation ability in A(342-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) rat model. METHODS: AD rat model was established by intracerebroventricular injection of A (342. Besides, sham-operated mice served as control group. The learning and memory ability was determined by Morris water maze test. The activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the content of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in brain tissue were measured with spectrophotometer. RESULTS: Compared with control group, AD model significantly prolonged the latency of searching the hidden platform in directional swimming test, and decreased time spent in swimming in the target quadrant in probe test. Breviscapine dose-dependently shortened the latency of searching the hidden platform in directional swimming test, and increased the time spent swimming in the target quadrant in probe test. The activities of GSH-Px and SOD were decreased, and the MDA content was increased in AD model rats. In breviscapine treatment groups, the activities of GSH-Px and SOD heightened and MDA content decreased, and there was significant difference compared with AD model group. CONCLUSION: Breviscapine can dose-dependently ameliorate the impaired learning and memory function of AD model rats and improve antioxidation ability. Copyright 2012 by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.