Ethanol is a renewable liquid fuel which has the most potential future. It is mostly produced by biofermentation. Many scientists pay attention to change ethanol metabolic network and increase ethanol productivity using the technology of metabolic engineering. This paper roundly illustrates that metabolic engineering is applied on fuel ethanol production from such as like extension of substrate use and design of new metabolic pathways.

AIM:To detect the muscle strength and endurance of healthy young people with different sport levels using isokinetic testing technique,so as to explore the characteristics of trunk muscle function. METHODS:①120 volunteer freshmen of Grade 2005 including 60 males and 60 females were selected from Capital Institute of Physical Education,and were divided into three groups:general group,physical training group and second-class athlete group(n =40,half male and female). Cybex6000 isokinetic testing system(U.S.A) was used. ②The muscle strength of flexors and extensors trunk muscle was measured at 60?/second and 120?/second and the endurance at 120?/second. ③Peak torque,flexors/extensors peak torque ratio,endurance ratio and recovery ratio were evaluated. RESULTS:①The peak torque values of male extensors in 3 groups were higher than those of flexors;with the increase in testing velocity,the peak torque value of extensor and flexors was decreased,especially the extensor. The peak torque value of general group was lower than that of physical training group and second class athlete group(P 0.05). The change in peak torque value of female extensor and flexors was the same to males. The flexors/extensors peak torque ratio at 60?/second and 120?/second of males was less than 1,but females more than 1. ②Under the same testing velocity,the endurance ratio and recovery ratio of extensor in 3 groups were higher than those of flexors. CONCLUSION:Compared with physical training students and second class athletes,significant decrease in the waist and back muscle strength and unbalance of extensor and flexors strength are found in general students. The muscle strength and endurance of extensor in students with different sport levels are inferior to those of flexors.

Objective To appraise the clinical therapeutic effects of lamivudine in patients with chronic hepatitis B, and the recurrence of the disease after withdrawal of the drug. Method 122 patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with lamivudine were followed-up for over half a year after withdrawal. Result It was shown that, among the 9 cases in immunological tolerance stage and received lamivudine treatment, 4 showed effective result and ineffective in 5. All the 4 patients with effective result recurred within 6 months after lamivudine withdrawal. Among the 113 patients in non-immunological tolerance, 13 showed notable effective result (11.50%), 90 effective (79.65%) and 10 showed ineffective result (8.85%), respectively. The disease in 11 patients showing effective result recurred during the treatment. The rate of recurrence was 53.85% and 87.34% respectively in patients with notable effective and effective results. The level of ALT before lamivudine treatment showed no significant difference between the patients with abrupt and gradual withdrawal of lamivudine treatment, but it was significantly different after lamivudine withdrawal. The rate of recurrence showed no significant difference between patients with abrupt and gradual withdrawal of the drug. Conclusion The therapeutic effect of lamivudine is poor in immunological tolerant patients. Patients with chronic hepatitis B are likely to recur after lamivudine withdrawal. Lamivudine should be given for a long-term to inhibit persistent HBVDNA replication.

Objective To discuss the value of amnionic fluid lamellar body count(LBC) as a predictor of fetal lung maturity. Methods Amnionic fluid was obtained during the cesarean section of 41 normal term pregnancies. LBC was performed on each specimen, and lecithin-sphingomyelin(L/S) ratio was detected simultaneously. Results (1)Amnionic fluid LBC was (86?43)?10 3 (72.5?10 3~99.4?10 3) in normal term pregnancy. (2) Positive correlation was shown between the amnionic fluid LBC and L/S ratio(r=0.66,P=0.001). Conclusion The LBC is a rapid and accurate method to determine the fetal lung maturity.

Adult ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumoconiosis ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Humans ; Isoflavones ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Phytoestrogens ; Plant Preparations ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Pueraria ; chemistry ; Scutellaria baicalensis ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the clinical value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and red blood cell distribution width in discriminating disease activity of rheumatoid athritis.Methods Eighty-nine rheumatoid arthritis out-patients of the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University from Jan.2012 to Mar.2013 were recruited into this study.The disease activity index,such as swollen joint count and tender joint count were made by rheumatologists,and laboratory parameters（blood cell analysis,erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein) were measured as well.The enrolled patients were divided into the active RA group and remission RA group based on the DAS28 definition.Differences of NLR,PLR and RDW among groups were analyzed by t test and relations between variables were assessed by Spearman correlation analysis.The t test,non-parametric test and Spearman analysis were used for statistical analysis.Results The levels of NLR (3.2±2.0,2.4±0.9,respectively) and PLR (167±70,133±43,respectively) in active RA group were higher than that of the RA remission group (t=2.28 and 2.50,P=0.02 and 0.01).The level of RDW [(13.9±2.5)％,(13.9±2.4)％,respectively] was not significantly different between the active RA group and the RA remission group (t=0.14,P=0.89).However,compared with healthy controls,the level of RDW [(13.9±2.5)％,(13.2±0.2)％,respectively] was significantly increased in RA patients (t=2.74,P=0.006 9).NLR and PLR were positively correlated with DAS28 (r=0.23,P=0.03;r=0.26,P=0.04,respectively),ESR (r=0.28,P=0.03;r=0.43,P＜0.01,respectively) and CRP (r=0.33,P=0.006;r=0.41,P＜0.01,respectively).However,there was no association between RDW and DAS28 (r=0.01,P=0.93),ESR (r=0.20,P=0.15) and CRP (r=0.05,P=0.71).Areas under curve of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) for assessing disease activity of rheumatoid athritis by NLR and PLR were 0.802 and 0.753 respectively.The cut-off values for discriminating active/remission RA were 2.86 and 143.05,with the sensitivity as 0.66 and 0.63,specificity as 0.72 and 0.65.Conclusion NLR and PLR are significantly associated with the disease activity of RA and can be useful to understand the activity state of the illness.

Objective To analyze the laboratory detection findings in infectious mononucleosis(IM) and mucocutaneous lymphnode syndrome(MCLS)and find the main points of the differential diagnosis and direct the treatment. Methods Five hundreds and twenty-five children were in-patient department over these past 10 years .These patients were divided into 2 groups,IM group (225 patients) and MCLS group(280 patients). EB-virus antibody,Paul-Bunnell test,the circumference blood numeration ,classification of leucocytes,the numeration of atypical lymphocytes were detected and compared,as well as blood platelet of these patients.Results The positive rate of EB-virus antibody in IM and MCLS were high, and had no discrepancy. However, the positive rate of Paul-Bunnell test and numeration of atypical lymphocyte in IM group were significantly higher than those in MCLS group. The total circumference blood leucocyte numeration of the groups increased,but the numeration neutrophil increased significantly in MCLS group, the rising numeration of lymphocyte in IM; the blood platelet numeration was elevated significantly in MCLS group and continued when the total circumference blood leucocyte numeration tended normally.Conclusions The causes of IM and MCLS are related to the infection of EB-virus. The laboratory characteristics of IM and MCLS are different,understanding the main points of the differential diagnosis contributes to the clear diagnose and early treatment.

Objective To enhance the clinical diagnosis efficiency and accuracy of diabetic retinopathy (DR) to facilitate its early finding and diagnosis.Methods Image segmentation method was used to process and analyze DR vessel.Clinical images by fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) were used as the objects for the research on DR vessel segmentation and extraction.Results Image processing and analysis gained higher definition and accuracy in segmenting the normal retinal image and DR vessel when they were compared with the fundus image and FFA image.Conclusion The method proposed enhances the early diagnosis of DR by processing and analyzing the retinal vessel,and thus contributes to the increased living quality of the patient.

Objective: To explorate the drug releasing rule in vitro of Maxingshigan Dropping pill and Suppository. Methods: Their dissolution rates in vitro were determined by the rotary basket method, the contents of total alkaloid in ephedra alkaloid in the two preparations were determined by acidic dye colorimetry, and they were used as markers of dissolution.Results:The dissolution quantity in 45 min of Dropping pill reached 100%, whereas that of suppository reached 92.58%. Conclusion: T 50 , T d of the two preparations showed significant difference ( P