This article reviews the epidemiological investigation of taeniasis saginata in 10 counties of 7 provinces/ autonomous regions in western China.The morphological observation of adult worms,molecular identification of 10 isolates of the worms,experimental infection on pigs and cattle with Taenia saginata and T.asiatica,observation on development and bio-logy behavior of cysticercus,and pathological changes in the intermediate host pig and cattle revealed that T.asiatica is a new species,instead of a subspecies of T.saginata.

Objective To explore possible physiological and biochemical mechanisms of Lagenidium giganteum infection in killing mosquito larvae. Methods The content of lipid and the activities of esterase and lipase between the normal and infected mosquito larvae were observed with histochemical method. The results were photomicrographed and analysed by image analysis using computer. Results In 24 hrs after infection, the content of lipid in the infected Culex quinquefasciatus larvae was lower while the activities of esterase and lipase in the larvae were higher than the control. In 48 hrs and 78 hrs after infection, the content of lipid in the infected larvae of C. quinquefasciatus and Ae. albopictus were significantly lower while the activities of esterase and lipase were significantly higher than those of control. Conclusion The content of lipid in the mosquito larvae decreased while the activities of esterase and lipase increased after the infection of Lagenidium giganteum . The disorder of lipid metabolism might be part of the killing mechanisms to C. quinquefasciatus and Ae. albopictus larvae.

Calcaneus ; injuries ; Fracture Fixation ; methods ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans

OBJECTIVESTo provide a cumulative data about the complications of second or third generation ankle prostheses in the literature, and to provide a summary high-grade complications associated with implant failure.

METHODSA comprehensive search for all relevant articles published in English from January 1995 to December 2010 was conducted. Two reviewers evaluated each study to determine whether it was eligible for inclusion and collected the data of interest. Meta-analytic pooling of results across studies was performed for the complications and failure rate.

RESULTSThirty-five primary studies with 4395 implants were identified. The three highest complications of total ankle arthroplasty were aseptic loosening (12.51%), intra-operative bone fracture (11.97%) and bony impingement (11.27%). The three high-grade complications associated with implant failure were aseptic loosening (45.00%), infection (33.00%) and malalignment (29.00%). The pooled mean failure rate was 10.98% (95%CI: 8.80% - 13.16%), and the pooled mean failure rate of STAR implant was 14.20% (95%CI: 10.64% - 17.76%).

CONCLUSIONSIt is found that aseptic loosening, infection and malalignment are high-grade complications associated with implant failure in total ankle arthroplasty. The orthopaedic surgeons should be more careful in the operation, and the patients should coordinate with the post-operative rehabilitation plan.

In order to provide substantial scientific information for exploring the mechanism of porcine liver injury caused by Taenia asiatica (T.asiatica),the expression of Cysteine aspartyl proteinase 3 (Caspase-3) from liver tissues of porkets that were experimentally infected by T.asiatica was examined.The T.asiatica adults were collected from the taeniasis patients in Duyun,Guizhou Province and identified biologically.The eggs were harvested from gravid proglottids and prepared by repeated washing and centrifugation.Twelve 20-days old Yorkshire and Seghers hybrid porkets were randomly divided into experimental and control groups as six pigs per group.The experimental group was orally administrated with 1.5 × 106 eggs per porket at day 0 post-infection.The porkets of both groups were sacrificed on the day 15 and day 75 post-infection (three pigs per time point) respectively,and liver samples were collected for further experiments.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method was employed to detect the mRNA levels of Caspase-3,and western blotting and immunohistochemistry methods were performed to detect the level of Caspase-3 expression in both groups.At the day 15 post-infection,the mRNA level and expression level of Caspase-3 of the experimental group were significantly decreased,comparison with the control group (P =0.011,P=0.008 and P=0.004 respectively).It was positive with Caspase-3 when yellow or brown signal appeared in the cytoplasm of liver cells by immunohistochemistry.However,at the day 75 post-infection,the mRNA level and expression level of Caspase-3 of the experimental group were dramatically similar to the control group.Furthermore,in the experimental group,the mRNA level and expression level of Caspase-3 were significantly increased at day 75 post-infection than day 15 post-infection (P--0.018,P=0.003 and P=0.002 respectively).These results suggested that Caspase-3 might be involved into the regulation of the damage of porcine liver induced by T.asiatica challenge at the early infection stage and have on effect to the hepatic injury because of the dramatic recovery of Caspase-3 at the consequent infection stage.

Objective To observe the effect of homemade ankle-foot orthopedic band on motor function of lower extremities in children with foot drop post spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP). Methods 24 spastic hemiplegic CP children were randomly divided into observation group (n=12) and control group (n=12). Both groups accepted roution rehabilitation training. The control group accepted walking training, and the observation group accepted walking training wearing the homemade ankle-foot orthopedic band, for 12 weeks. They were assessed with modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) of gastrocnemius, range of motion (ROM) of ankle active dorsiflexion, and D and E domains of Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-88) before and after treatment. Results The score of MAS significantly decreased in both groups after treatment (P<0.01), and decreased more in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). ROM and scores of D and E domains of GMFM-88 significantly increased in both groups after treatment (P<0.01), and increased more in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Walking training with the homemade ankle-foot orthopedic band may further decrease the muscle tone of gastrocnemius, increase the active range of motion of ankle and improve the motor function of lower extremities in children with foot drop post spastic hemiplegic CP.

Objective To study the apoptosis mechanism of HeLa cells induced by berberine (BR). Methods HeLa cells were treated by different concentrations of BR with different times. CCK-8 assay was used to detect the HeLa cells proliferation activity. Detecting the expression of STAT3 in control HeLa cells and BR treated HeLa cells. HeLa cell cycles were detected by flow cytometry(FCM). The relative expression of STAT3, CYCLIN B1, CDC2 and C-MYC was examined by real-time PCR. The relative expressions of STAT3, CYCLIN B1, CDC2 and C-MYC proteins were examined by Western blot analysis. Results BR can effectively inhibit the proliferation of HeLa cells in vitro, which exhibits a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. The FCM showed that the the proportion of BR-treated cells in G2/M phase was higher than control group. Real-time PCR results showed that rel-ative expression of STAT3,CYCLIN B1,CDC2 and C-MYC genes in HeLa cells treated with BR was lower than the control group.Western blot results showed that relative expression of STAT3,CYCLIN B1,CDC 2 and C-MYC pro-teins in HeLa cells treated with BR was lower than the control group. Conclusions BR can induce apoptosis of cer-vical cancer by targeting STAT3.

Background Angiogenesis is an essential event for the growth and mobility of malignant tumors,but there is little literature about the effects of anoxia and angiogenesis-related factors on angiogenesis in choroidal melanoma.Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of angiogeneic factors such as hypoxia inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α),inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2),and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in choroidal melanoma and their clinical significance.Methods The specimens from 44 cases of choroidal melanoma and 16 cases of eyelid nevi identified by pathology were collected.Immunohistochemistry SP was used to examine the expression of HIF-1α,iNOS,COX-2 and VEGF in the samples.The expression of HIF-1 α,iNOS,COX-2 and VEGF in tumors with different sizes,different pathological types and different growth patterns was evaluated.The correlations among these four proteins in tumor growth and development were assessed.Results The expression of HIF-1α,iNOS,COX-2 and VEGF in choroidal melanoma were significantly higher than those in the eyelid nevi group(x2 =6.58,4.105,8.350,13.240,P＜0.05).The expression of VEGF was associated with tumor size(x2 =9.389,P＜0.05),but not associated with pathological types(x2 =1.186,P＞0.05)and infiltration depth(x2 =5.398,P＞ 0.05).The expression of HIF-1α was associated with tumor size(x2=8.664,P＜0.05)and pathological type(x2=6.622,P ＜ 0.05),but not associated with infiltration depth(x2=4.914,P＞0.05).The expression of iNOS was associated with tumor size(x2 =8.609,P＜0.05),but was not associated withpathological type(x2 =4.789,P＞0.05)and infiltration depth(x2 =4.309,P＞0.05).The expression of COX-2 was associated with tumor size(x2 =7.320,P＜0.05),but was not associated with pathological type(x2 =2.772,P＞0.05)and infiltration depth(x2 =2.103,P＞0.05).The expression of HIF-1 α,iNOS,and COX-2 were significantly correlated with the expression of VEGF(r =0.943,1.000,0.986,P ＜ 0.05).The expression of COX-2 was significantly correlated with the expression of iNOS(r =0.986,P＜0.05).The expression of HIF-1 α was significantly associated with the expression of COX-2(r=0.986,P＜O.05).The expression of HIF-1α was significantly associated with the expression of iNOS(r=0.943,P＜0.05).Conclusions The expressions of the HIF-1 α,iNOS,COX-2 and VEGF protein are up-regulated in choroidal melanoma.They may play important roles in the angiogenesis of the choroidal melanoma.Assessment of the expression of HIF-1α,iNOS and COX-2 may be useful for the diagnosis and therapy of choroidal melanoma.

Objective To explore the nutritional status and determinants among rural stranded children under 7 years of age. Methods The group of stranded children (n=7585) and the children for control (n=7557) were identified by multi-stage stratified cluster sampling. The ascertainment methods mainly included questionnaire, anthropometric measurements and laboratory examination. Results In this study, there were three groups, including the group of stranded children whose single parent left home to look for better job somewhere, the group of stranded children whose parent both left home and the third group serving as control. Prevalent rates on the following items were: stunting -- 14.9%, 17.9% and 16.3%, underweight -- 7.2%, 8.3% and 7.6%, wasting -- 3.1%, 3.4% and 3.3% and anemia -- 18.9%, 20.6%, 18.7% respectively. The prevalent rate of stunting in the group of children with both parents away from home was significantly higher than that those with only one parent did. The prevalence rate of anemia in the group with both parents away from home was significantly higher than that in the control group. Based on multivariate non-conditional logistic regression analysis, the determinants of stunting among the stranded children were: age, with low birth weight, living alone, being the only child in the family, mother's education level, frequency of eating breakfast and snacks every week, motives of caretakers and the relationship between children and the caretakers. The determinants of underweight among those stranded children were: age of child, with low birth weight, the frequency of eating snacks every week, motives of the caretakers and having rickets. Conclusion The nutritional status among rural stranded children was relatively poor, especially in those whose parents were both away from home, which calls for urgent improvement.

Objective To study the apoptosis mechanism of HeLa cells induced by berberine (BR). Methods HeLa cells were treated by different concentrations of BR with different times. CCK-8 assay was used to detect the HeLa cells proliferation activity. Detecting the expression of STAT3 in control HeLa cells and BR treated HeLa cells. HeLa cell cycles were detected by flow cytometry(FCM). The relative expression of STAT3, CYCLIN B1, CDC2 and C-MYC was examined by real-time PCR. The relative expressions of STAT3, CYCLIN B1, CDC2 and C-MYC proteins were examined by Western blot analysis. Results BR can effectively inhibit the proliferation of HeLa cells in vitro, which exhibits a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. The FCM showed that the the proportion of BR-treated cells in G2/M phase was higher than control group. Real-time PCR results showed that rel-ative expression of STAT3,CYCLIN B1,CDC2 and C-MYC genes in HeLa cells treated with BR was lower than the control group.Western blot results showed that relative expression of STAT3,CYCLIN B1,CDC 2 and C-MYC pro-teins in HeLa cells treated with BR was lower than the control group. Conclusions BR can induce apoptosis of cer-vical cancer by targeting STAT3.