Objective Nanomedicine is a branch of nanotechnology; it applies scientific principles and established methods of nanotechnology in healthcare. Small sized nanoparticles exhibit unique material properties. Nanoparticle therapeutic agents can be delivered with minimal invasiveness in vivo,and react more specifically to target tissues.Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women.Its incidence increases every year globally.Conventional therapeutic methods for breast cancer are effective,but have many limitations.In recent years the rapid development of nanotechnology medicine provides new solutions for those problems.There are many types of nanoengineered drug delivery systems (nDDS),each with distinguishing properties, including organic and inorganic materials, for example liposomes, polymers, antibodies, metals, magnets, carbons and ceramics. Nanomedicine may have passive and active targeting strategies. Both can enhance the accumulation of the drug in tumor sites. Specific nanoparticles can also kill or damage tumor cells.As its research advances fast,a wide application of nanomedicine in treating breast cancer is getting adopted.Many agents and formulations of nanomedicine are approved for clinical trials or approved for prescription.

Objective: To know the occasion and how the military in-patients understood the contents of health education, to discuss how to conduct the health education pertinently and how to make the military in-patients master the information and skill to get well effectively in a short time. Methods: By referring to literature samples and the main contents of health education of sections in our hospital, we designed a questionnaire including the main contents of health education、the fashion and the occasion of conduction in different phase of hospitalization, together with three subjects and 44 items, and we investigated 312 military in-patients in the way of questionnaire in combination of opening and closing. Results: Military in-patients considered the correlative knowledge of getting well as the shoe pinches of the main contents of health education. The communication between doctors、nurses and pation should be strengthened; Communication through talking and offering written materials were the two primary fashions of health education; The medical personnel and military in-patients disagreed in the time arranging of health education. Conclusion: We suggest the adoption of the educational method of ”advantage health education contents increased by degrees” to conduct health education; paramedic in all levels should pay attention to the feelings of military in patients, pay attention to the rational arrangement of the health education time and contents. We emphasize the training of paramedic's communication skills of talking and writing.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is now an important diagnostic technology in determining brain structure injury. It has important meaning for determining the pathological type of CP, MRI findings in CP showed a good correlation with CP type, gestational age, etiology and injury time. In this article, the authors reviewed the advance in research on relationship between changes in MRI and gestational age, etiology and injury time.

Brain ; pathology ; Caudate Nucleus ; pathology ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Huntingtin Protein ; Huntington Disease ; diagnosis ; genetics ; pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; genetics ; Pedigree ; Trinucleotide Repeats ; genetics

Human bocavirus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; pathogenicity ; Humans ; Neonatology ; Research Report

Cytochrome P450 are abundant in Streptomyces which play an important role in the biosynthesis of secondary products and metabolism of exotic chemicals of Streptomyces. Recent progress and function of cytochrome P450 in Streptomyces were reviewed in this paper. The problems in study of Streptomyces Cytochrome P450, and the prospects for future study of cytochrome P450 and its application were also discussed.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of breviscapine on memory and antioxidation ability in A(342-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) rat model. METHODS: AD rat model was established by intracerebroventricular injection of A (342. Besides, sham-operated mice served as control group. The learning and memory ability was determined by Morris water maze test. The activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the content of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in brain tissue were measured with spectrophotometer. RESULTS: Compared with control group, AD model significantly prolonged the latency of searching the hidden platform in directional swimming test, and decreased time spent in swimming in the target quadrant in probe test. Breviscapine dose-dependently shortened the latency of searching the hidden platform in directional swimming test, and increased the time spent swimming in the target quadrant in probe test. The activities of GSH-Px and SOD were decreased, and the MDA content was increased in AD model rats. In breviscapine treatment groups, the activities of GSH-Px and SOD heightened and MDA content decreased, and there was significant difference compared with AD model group. CONCLUSION: Breviscapine can dose-dependently ameliorate the impaired learning and memory function of AD model rats and improve antioxidation ability. Copyright 2012 by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

Objective: To investigate the anti-fungal activities of 20 tetralin compounds in vitro. Methods: We adopted the M27-A project recommended by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standard (NCCLS). Tetralin compounds were tested and selected with several candidal strains and non-candidal strains with different susceptibilities to fluconazole. After obtaining the susceptibility results, we plotted the time-growth curves of several typical tetralin compounds, including compound 22-1, 31-1 and their muriate 22, 31, as well as compound 34-1, 26-1 and their bromate 34, 26. The combination effects of compound 22, 26, 34, 31-1 with other anti-fungal agents (with different structures) were also determined. Results: The 20 tetralin compounds were proven to have different degrees of anti-fungal activities. Compound 31-1 had a stronger anti-fungal activity to FLC-susceptible strains than fluconazole did, and its effect lasted for over 54 h at the concentration of 6 μg/ml. Compounds 22-1 and 22 markedly suppressed the growth of Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, and Trichophyton rubrum, with all the MIC50 values less than 0.125 μg/ml. Time-growth curves indicated that the anti-fungal activity of 22-1 on fluconazole-resistant strain was more powerful than that of ketoconazole. Furthermore, tetralin compounds had a synergistic effect with terbinafine and berberine on fluconazole-resistant strains. Conclusion: Tetralin compounds have powerful anti-fungal activities and their structures are different from those of other anti-fungal agents currently used, which provide a basis for developing new anti-fungal agents.

With the wide use of azoles, drug tolerance and cross tolerance of Candida albicands has seriously hampered the clinical treatments of Candida albicands. New antifungal agents (potent and effective) have been developed over the past years based on the discovery of many new target sites of Candida albicands. For example, Echinocandins (caspofungin and micafungin), aiming at the cell wall of Candida albicands, showed strong antifungal activities to fluconazole resistant candidas and fungal biofilm. Moreover, because β-glucan synthase does not exist on the cell membrane of mammalian cells, Echinocandins has a low toxicity and a promising clinical future. Though the mechanism of Histatin (targeting fungal membrane) is not clear, it has strong activity not only on candida resistant of polyene and azole, but also to Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei and Cryptococcus neoformans. Berberine and Ocimum gratissimum L. were also found to have prominent anti-fungi activities. Berberine extract can intensively inhibit 24-SMT in a dose-depended manner; besides, it has more potent inhibitory activity against the growth of mycelia than against that of yeast. Various new methods can be used to increase the susceptibility of Candida albicands to antifungal agents, such as altering fungi membrane composition, changing some genes, adopting the photodynamic inactivation method, employing hypersensitization agents and combining antifungal agents. This article reviews the newly-developed antifungal agents and newly-proposed target sites of Candida albicands.