Aristolochic Acids ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; chemically induced

Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs), which are widely distributed in the excitable cells, are the primary mediators of electrical signal amplification and propagation. They play important roles in the excitative conduction of the neurons and cardiac muscle cells. The abnormalities of the structures and functions of VGSCs can change the excitability of the cells, resulting in a variety of diseases such as neuropathic pain, epilepsy and arrhythmia. At present, some voltage-gated sodium channel blockers are used for treating those diseases. In the recent years, several neurotoxins have been purified from the venom of the animals, which could inhibit the current of the voltage-gated sodium channels. Usually, these neurotoxins are compounds or small peptides that have been further designed and modified for targeted drugs of sodium channelopathies in the clinical treatment. In addition, a novel cysteine-rich secretory protein (CRBGP) has been isolated and purified from the buccal gland of the lampreys (Lampetra japonica), and it could inhibit the Na+ current of the hippocampus and dorsal root neurons for the first time. In the present study, the progress of the sodium channelopathies and the biological functions of voltage-gated sodium channel blockers are analyzed and summarized.
Animals ; Channelopathies ; physiopathology ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; Neurons ; drug effects ; Neurotoxins ; pharmacology ; Venoms ; chemistry ; Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Blockers ; pharmacology

Aim In order to understand infective conditions of Clonorchis sinensis in different populations in Nantong.Methods The antibodies of Clonorchis sinensis in fishermen area and cooks and shopkeepers et al. were investigated with PVC-Fast-Dot-ELISA. Results The average detective rate of Clonorchis sinensis antibodies was 3.92％ (17/434),the detective rate of Clonorchis sinensis in residents of fishermen area, cooks and shopkeepers (6.45％ ,2/31,5.59％ ,9/161、4.29％ ,3/70)was obviously higher than that of in the normal control group(0. 86％ ,1/115). There was a significant difference in the statistics (X2 = 3.52,X2 = 4.01,X2 = 2.28,P＜0. 01 ). Conclusions ①There is human infection of Clonorchis sinensis in Nantong area. ②The data emphasizes that the infection of Clonorchis sinensis has a strong association to do with occupation and contacting with raw fishes and opportunity of eating raw fishes and shrimps. ③It is recommended that the people of common eating raw fishes and shrimps must be examined and treated regularly.

In this research, the zuelacmycin-producing strain Streptomyces venezuelaevar. qinlingensis RL-2 was used as original strain, the spore suspension of which was induced by UV, LiCl and the compound treatmeat (UV+LiCl) respectively. The zuelacmycin-high-yield strain UVL-108 was obtained by the treatment that the exposure time under UV irradition was 45 s and the concentration of LiCl was 0.4%. The heredity characters of mutant UVL-108 were stable in succesive six generations. The antibacterial activity and the fermentation titer of mutant UVL-108 were determinded by bidirectioned culture and mycelial linear growth respectively. The results demonstrated the antibaterial activity of mutant UVL-108 was improved by 77%, and the relative toxicity of fermentation to Phyricularia grisea was improved by two times compared with the original strain.

The study provide a theoretical basis for the industrial production of a elastase-high-yield strain which was isolated from the straw,and the selected strain was identified. The screening strategy included casein(skim milk) plate selecting and elastin(beef tendon) re-screening. And then,the morphological,physiological and biochemical characteristics as well as 16S rRNA sequence homology of the selected strain were studied. Finally,the strain LSF-97 which had a excellent decomposing ability to beef tendon was obtained. The results showed that the strain LSF-97 is relative to the Bacillus pumilus with 100 % similar in sequence under the phylogenetic tree,the morphological and physiological and biochemical characteristics are also consistent with pattern of bacteria. So it was identified as Bacillus pumilus.

Objective To investigate the method and effectiveness of the digital artery series and parallel of island flap for repairing degloved injuries of the fingertip of thumb or adjacent finger Methods Between September 2008 and July 2012,the finger artery series retrograde island flaps tiled in the repair of finger degloving injury in 13 cases,repair of adjacent finger tip degloving injury in 11 cases; 8 cases of degloved injuries of the fingertip were tiled with the digital artery parallel island flap from ulnaris middle finger and radialis ring finger of arteria digitalis communis pedicled which were from the same palm side.The size of skin and soft tissue defect ranged from 2.0 cm × 1.8 cm-7.2 cm ×5.5 cm,gutted flap minimum ranged from 1.1 cm × 1.0cm-1.5 cm × 1.3cm,and the maximum ranged from 3.0 cm × 2.2 cm-5.5 cm × 4.5 cm.The donor sites were repaired with the intermediate split thickness free skin grafts and performed with pressure dressing.Results The group of 32 cases,in 1 case the flap vasospasm occurred in operation of free process,the symptoms disappeared after local application of papaverine and hot compress ; 1 case of flap occurred disturbance of blood circulation after operation because of tight suturing for pedicle,the symptoms relieved after removing the stitches at intervals; 2 cases blisters appeared after operation,disappeared after a week.All skin flaps were survived,incision and skin graft donor sites healed by first intention.Twenty patients were followed-up from 6 to 12 months after operation.All flaps presented the satisfactory appearance and texture,recovered protective feeling.At last follow-up,the two-point discrimination was 7 to 10mm,and the flexion and extension function of wounded fingers recovered to normal.According to the functional assessment criteria of upper limb formulated by the Hand Surgery Branch of Chinese Medical Association,there were excellent in 19 cases,good in 10 cases,and moderate in 3 cases.No significant loss to the donor shape and function.Conclusion The surgery by adopted the digital artery series or parallel of island flap for repairing degloved injuries of the fingertip of thumb or adjacent finger,not only has the advantages of simpleness,safety and reliability,but also can satisfy the patients who aren't willing to accept or because of physical reasons can't accept the treatment of abdominal skin tube or nail flap from hallux toe,which performs in both high-end and low level hospitals,and deserves of general application.

Objective To investigate the clinical status of 1242 patients with diabetic kidney diseases (DKD) during their first hospitalization,and to analyze the risk factors of prognosis,so as to provide reference for clinical practice. Methods Retrospective case-control study was performed.Clinical data of 1242 patients diagnosed as DKD in first hospitalizaton from January 2003 to December 2008 were reviewed,and patients were followed up to realize the prognosis.Multiple regression analysis was carried out to screen the risk factors. Results Most of the patients were Mogensen stage Ⅳ or Ⅴ in their first hospitalization,accounting for 77.2％.24.8％ of cases was complicated with cardiocerebrovascular diseases.Scr of 36.6％ patients was higher than 176.8 μmol/L.One way ANOVA indicated that diabetes course,hemoglobin,serum albumin,Scr and Charlson index were significantly different among Mogensen stage Ⅲ, Ⅳ,Ⅴ patients.Logistic regression showed that age,albumin,Scr,cardiocerebrovascular diseases and Chalson index were risk factors for death in DKD patients (OR =1.057,0.908,1.002,2.006,1.371),but sex,diabetes course and hemoglobin were not risk factors,which was in accord with the resuh from 416 non-dialysis patients.Multiple linear regression analysis revealed serum albumin level was positively correlated with survival in non-dialysis DKD patients (P=0.003).The mean survival time was only 1.2145 year in 162 non-dialysis dead patients. Conclusions DKD patients in our hospital refer quite late,usually with poor conditions and complications.Most of DKD patients are Mogensen stage Ⅳ or Ⅴ in the first hospitalization.Age,serum albumin,Scr,cardiocerebrovascular diseases and Charlson index are risk factors of death,while gender,diabetes course and hemoglobin are not significantly correlated with death.In addition,serum albumin is positively correlated with survival time.Early diagnosis and management of risk factors are crucial for improving the prognosis of DKD patients.

Objective To investigate the effects of ulinastatin on renal expression of endothelin￣1 and nitric oxide (NO) in rats with toxic acute kidney injury(AKI). Methods Twenty￣four male SD rats were randomly divided into the normal control group,model control group and treatment groups, with 8 rats in each group. Except normal control group, rats were subcutaneously injected with gentamicin (300 mg.kg-1 .d-1 ) for 3 days to establish a model of toxic AKI.Rats in the treatment group were intraperitoneally injected with a 7￣day course of ulinastatin (30 000 U.kg-1 .d-1 ) from the fourth day.While the other two groups were injected with 0.9% sodium chloride injection (3 mL.kg-1 .d-1 ). The serum level of creatinine and cystatin￣C,urinary concentration of kidney injury molecule￣1(Kim￣1) and neutrophil gelatinase￣associated lipocalin (NGAL), level of endothelin￣1 and NO,expression of endothelin￣1 mRNA,endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS),induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS),eNOS mRNA and iNOS mRNA in homogenate of renal tissues in each group were detected on the eleventh day. Results Compared with the normal control group,serum level of creatinine and Cystatin￣C,urinary concentration of Kim￣1 and NGAL,level of endothelin￣1 and NO,expression of endothelin￣1 mRNA,iNOS and iNOS mRNA in homogenate of renal tissues were higher in model control group (P<0.01, respectively), while which were lower in treatment group than those in model control group ( P < 0. 01, respectively). And no statistical significant difference of eNOS and eNOS mRNA expression in homogenate of renal tissues existed among the three groups. Conclusion Ulinastatin possesses curative role against rat with toxic AKI via down￣regulating renal expression of endothelin￣1,NO and iNOS.

Objective: To conduct a comparative study on the specific effects of systematic sex education on adolescent students in terms of sexual cognition, sexual values, and sexual adaptation, and to provide the support for conducting a comprehensive education in middle schools. Methods: A whole group sampling method was used to select 3 369 middle and high school students from six general and vocational middle schools in Sichuan Province, which were divided into systematic sex education schools and non systematic sex education schools, and a comparative study was conducted using the Adolescent Mental Health Scale. Results: The results showed that the adolescent students who received systematic sex education were significantly different from those who did not receive systematic sex education in terms of sex related cognition (7.18±6.24, 5.65±7.40), sexual values(7.60±1.17，7.30±1.24), and sexual adjustment (11.49±1.29，11.10±1.41). All differed significantly ( t =5.95, 6.80,7.57, P <0.01). The students who received systematic education in junior middle school were higher than those who received non systematic education in sex related cognition, sexual values and sexual adaptation ( P <0.01). However, in senior high school, the differences in systematic education are only shown in sexual values control and self adaptation in sexual adjustment ( P <0.01). There were significant differences in sex related cognition, sexual values and sexual adjustment between male and female students who received systematic education and non systematic education ( P <0.01). Conclusion Systematic sex education is more beneficial to the psychosexual health of adolescent students than non systematic sex education in schools.