PURPOSE : To investigate the incidence and prevalence of C-shaped root canal using computed tomographic images of head and neck in Korean population. MATERIALS AND METHODS : Regardless of each examination purpose, randomly selected 268 examples which have serial axial computed tomographic images with 8 normal molars in maxilla and mandible were selected and investigated. Defined C-shaped root canal and we could get 82 proper image examples in view of this definition. These were detected and investigated of incidence and prevalence of C-shaped root canal. RESULTS : C-shaped root canals were found in 82 examples among 268 (30.6%) and 147 teeth. They were only found on molar area, and the highest incidence was 37.41% of left mandibular second molars, and the lowest was 2.04% of right maxillary second molars. On prevalence of tooth position, mandibular second molar was the highest, 65% of C-shaped root canal teeth and maxillary second molar was 6% the lowest. CONCLUSION : 31% of randomly selected CT images no considering check-up reason have C-shaped root canals. The C-shaped root canals of mandibular second molar are found most frequently and they are also detectable on maxilla. On Korean population, C-shaped root canals are one of conditions that have to concern with dental treatment for it appears at a high prevalence relatively.
Dental Pulp Cavity ; Head ; Incidence ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Molar ; Neck ; Prevalence ; Tooth

Umbilical cord blood is an attractive source of hematopoietic stem cells in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Umbilical cord blood transplantation has merits of rapid availability and low risk of severe acute graft versus host disease. Umbilical cord blood should be an important source of stem cell transplantation for patients who have no suitable human leukocyte antigen-matched bone marrow, or peripheral stem cell donor. Transplantation of umbilical cord blood is limited by insufficient cell doses. This had led to the alternative concept of attempting to increase the number of cell doses using two cord blood units from different donor. We report a case of double-unit cord blood transplantation for 55-year-old male with primary refractory acute myeloid leukemia.
Bone Marrow ; Fetal Blood* ; Graft vs Host Disease ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute* ; Leukocytes ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cells ; Tissue Donors

No abstract available.
Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute* ; Lymphocytes*

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder of the primitive hematopoietic stem cells. CML is characterized by the overproduction of myeloid cells, which results in marked splenomegaly and leukocytosis. CML presented by multiple chloromas is extremely rare. Multiple chloromas in the skin and brain are quite rare as the initial presentation of CML. These rare manifestation should alert clinicians to include CML in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with multiple non-pruritic skin nodules or neurologic symptoms. Dasatinib has promising therapeutic potential for managing intracranial leukemic disease. Here, we report the case of a patient who visited the hospital with multiple chloroma which is unusual presentation of CML, and treated with dasatinib successfully.
Brain ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive* ; Leukocytosis ; Myeloid Cells ; Myeloproliferative Disorders ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Sarcoma, Myeloid* ; Skin ; Splenomegaly ; Dasatinib

No abstract available.
Humans

Exendin-4 (Ex-4), a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist, has been known to reverse hepatic steatosis in ob/ob mice. Although many studies have evaluated molecular targets of Ex-4, its mechanism of action on hepatic steatosis and fibrosis has not fully been determined. In the liver, glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) is mainly expressed in hepatocytes, endothelial cells and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). In the present study, the effects of Ex-4 on GLUT4 expression were determined in the liver of ob/ob mice. Ob/ob mice were treated with Ex-4 for 10 weeks. Serum metabolic parameters, hepatic triglyceride levels, and liver tissues were evaluated for hepatic steatosis. The weights of the whole body and liver in ob/ob mice were reduced by long-term Ex-4 treatment. Serum metabolic parameters, hepatic steatosis, and hepatic fibrosis in ob/ob mice were reduced by Ex-4. Particularly, Ex-4 improved hepatic steatosis by enhancing GLUT4 via GLP-1R activation in ob/ob mice. Ex-4 treatment also inhibited hepatic fibrosis by decreasing expression of connective tissue growth factor in HSCs of ob/ob mice. Our data suggest that GLP-1 agonists exert a protective effect on hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Animals ; Connective Tissue Growth Factor ; Endothelial Cells ; Fatty Liver* ; Fibrosis ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 ; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor ; Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative* ; Hepatic Stellate Cells ; Hepatocytes ; Liver ; Mice* ; Obesity ; Triglycerides ; Weights and Measures

PURPOSE: The pattern of double primary cancers after treatment for gastric cancer is important for a patient's survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed the clinicopathologic data of 214 gastric cancer patients from October 1996 to November 2007 with regard to metachronous second primary cancers. RESULTS: Out of 5,778 patients with gastric cancer, metachronous second primary cancers occurred in 214 patients. The median age was 61.8 years, the number of male and female patients was 140 (65.4%), 74 (34.6%), respectively. The median time to the occurrence of second cancers after diagnosis of the first was 39.2 months (standard deviation, 31.2 months). The most common cancer was colorectal cancer, which occurred in 44 patients (20.6%), and lung cancer in 33 patients (15.4%), hepatocellular carcinoma in 26 patients (12.1%), ovarian cancer in 15 patients (7.0%), cervical cancer in 12 patients (7.0%), breast cancer in 11 patients (5.1%), and esophageal cancer in 11 patients (5.1%). The observed/expected (O/E) ratio showed a significant increase in colorectal (1.25), male biliary (1.60), ovarian (8.72), and cervical cancer (3.33) with primary gastric cancer. After five years from diagnosis of gastric cancer, secondary cancer occurred in 50 patients (23.4%), and breast cancer, prostate cancer, laryngeal cancer, lung cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma were the most frequent. CONCLUSION: The O/E ratio showed a significant increase in colorectal, male biliary, ovarian, and cervical cancer with primary gastric cancer, and second primary cancer as the main cause of death for these patients. A follow-up examination for metachronous double primary cancer is needed in order to improve the survival time in patients with gastric cancer.
Breast Neoplasms ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Cause of Death ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; Lung Neoplasms ; Male ; Neoplasms, Second Primary ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a mammalian NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase that regulates cellular metabolism and inflammatory response. The organ-specific deletion of SIRT1 induces local inflammation and insulin resistance in dietary and genetic obesity. Macrophage-mediated inflammation contributes to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, however, the macrophage-specific SIRT1 function in the context of obesity is largely unknown. C57/BL6 wild type (WT) or myeloid-specific SIRT1 knockout (KO) mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or normal diet (ND) for 12 weeks. Metabolic parameters and markers of hepatic steatosis and inflammation in liver were compared in WT and KO mice. SIRT1 deletion enhanced HFD-induced changes on body and liver weight gain, and increased glucose and insulin resistance. In liver, SIRT1 deletion increased the acetylation, and enhanced HFD-induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB), hepatic inflammation and macrophage infiltration. HFD-fed KO mice showed severe hepatic steatosis by activating lipogenic pathway through sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), and hepatic fibrogenesis, as indicated by induction of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), and collagen secretion. Myeloid-specific deletion of SIRT1 stimulates obesity-induced inflammation and increases the risk of hepatic fibrosis. Targeted induction of macrophage SIRT1 may be a good therapy for alleviating inflammation-associated metabolic syndrome.
Acetylation ; Actins ; Animals ; Collagen ; Connective Tissue Growth Factor ; Diet ; Diet, High-Fat ; Fibrosis ; Glucose ; Inflammation* ; Insulin Resistance ; Liver ; Macrophages ; Metabolism ; Mice* ; NF-kappa B ; Obesity ; Sirtuin 1 ; Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 ; Weight Gain

Background/Aims: To determine the effectiveness of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) plus reduced-intensity therapy in adult patients with newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph-positive ALL), this retrospective study compared treatment outcomes and induction mortality according to backbone regimen intensity. Methods: The data of 132 patients diagnosed with Ph-positive ALL were retrospectively collected from five centers. Patients received imatinib plus intensive chemotherapy (modified VPD, KALLA1407, or hyper-CVAD) or reduced-intensity chemotherapy (EWALL) for curative purposes. This study analyzed 117 patients, of which 35,22,46, and 14 received modified VPD, KALLA1407, hyper-CVAD, and EWALL, respectively. All patients used imatinib as a TKI. Results: The median age of the patients who received reduced-intensity chemotherapy was 64.4 years, while that of the patients with intensive regimens was 47.5 years. There was no induction death in the reduced-intensity group, while nine patients died in the intensive therapy group. Major molecular response achievement tended to be higher in the intensive chemotherapy group than in the reduced-intensity group. More patients in the intensive chemotherapy group received allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). There was no statistically significant difference in long-term survival between the two groups in terms of relapse-free survival and overall survival rates. Conclusions When imatinib plus reduced-intensity therapy was used as a frontline treatment, there was no inferiority in obtaining complete remission compared to imatinib plus intensive chemotherapy or significant difference in long-term survival. Since imatinib plus reduced-intensity therapy has limitations in obtaining a deep molecular response, proceeding to allo-SCT should be considered.

Background/Aims: To determine the effectiveness of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) plus reduced-intensity therapy in adult patients with newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph-positive ALL), this retrospective study compared treatment outcomes and induction mortality according to backbone regimen intensity. Methods: The data of 132 patients diagnosed with Ph-positive ALL were retrospectively collected from five centers. Patients received imatinib plus intensive chemotherapy (modified VPD, KALLA1407, or hyper-CVAD) or reduced-intensity chemotherapy (EWALL) for curative purposes. This study analyzed 117 patients, of which 35,22,46, and 14 received modified VPD, KALLA1407, hyper-CVAD, and EWALL, respectively. All patients used imatinib as a TKI. Results: The median age of the patients who received reduced-intensity chemotherapy was 64.4 years, while that of the patients with intensive regimens was 47.5 years. There was no induction death in the reduced-intensity group, while nine patients died in the intensive therapy group. Major molecular response achievement tended to be higher in the intensive chemotherapy group than in the reduced-intensity group. More patients in the intensive chemotherapy group received allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). There was no statistically significant difference in long-term survival between the two groups in terms of relapse-free survival and overall survival rates. Conclusions When imatinib plus reduced-intensity therapy was used as a frontline treatment, there was no inferiority in obtaining complete remission compared to imatinib plus intensive chemotherapy or significant difference in long-term survival. Since imatinib plus reduced-intensity therapy has limitations in obtaining a deep molecular response, proceeding to allo-SCT should be considered.