Mass drug administration (MDA) means once-in-a-year administration of Diethyl Carbamazine (DEC) tablet to all people (excluding children under 2 years, pregnant women and severely ill persons) in identified endemic areas. It aims at cessation of transmission of Lymphatic Filariasis. To study the coverage and compliance of MDA in Satna district during the campaign in June 2013. Cross-sectional observational study. Setting: Urban And Rural Areas In Satna District Identified As Endemic For Filariasis Where MDA 2013 Was Undertaken. Study Variables: Exploratory - Rural and urban clusters of Satna district; Outcome - coverage, compliance, actual coverage, side effects. Four clusters, each comprising 30 households from the Satna endemic district, yielded an eligible population of 650 (95.87%) of total 678. The coverage was 586 (90.15% out of eligible population) with variation across different areas. The compliance with drug ingestion was 88.05% with a gap of 11.95% to be targeted by intensive IEC. The effective coverage (79.38%) was below the target (85%). Side effects of DEC were minimum, transient and drug-specific. Overall coverage was marginally better in rural areas. The causes of poor coverage and compliance have been discussed and relevant suggestions have been made.​

Objectives: Dhat syndrome is a cultural bound syndrome in which affected individuals have morbid pre-occupation with semen loss in their urine and its impact on the body. Previous studies have explored the symptomatology and perception regarding seminal discharge of such patients while there is lacked of literature on the assessment by quacks and practitioner of alternative and complementary practitioners (ACMP). Therefore, in addition to objectives of previous studies, this study explores the reprehensibility of such practitioners as they may not be giving correct advice to such patients. Methods: For duration of three months, this mixed method study was conducted in Rohilkhand Medical College campus; individuals were approached both in and outside the Psychiatric Outpatient Department using purposive sampling procedure. ICD-10 diagnostic criterion was used to include affected individual in the study sample. Subsequently, a semi-structured questionnaire to document their socio-demographic data and symptomatology was used. Further, previous consultation to quack, ACMPs and allopathic practitioners other than psychiatrist and advice given to the patient by them was obtained via in-depth interview. The quantitative data was analyzed through proportions whereas qualitative data via thematic analysis. Results: There were 38 out of 110 with Dhat syndrome. Invariably, they complained of undue concern regarding debilitating effects of seminal discharge and harmful for the body. A total 21.1% had prior consultation to ACMPs and attributing it to masturbation and hot weather. Surprisingly, allopathic practitioners consulted gave incorrect advices. Conclusion: Dhat syndrome affects individuals irrespective of their social and education background. Sex education among the masses and emphasis for awareness of this syndrome among ACMPs and allopathic practitioners other than psychiatrist is necessary to reduce this cultural bound syndrome.

Objective: To evaluate correlation of Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) and early and delay outcome measures among acute anterior ischemic stroke patients who presented within 48 hours of stroke onset. Methods: In a prospective cohort study, we recruited consecutive patients with acute middle cerebral artery (MCA) ischemic stroke who presented within 48 hours of stroke onset. All the patients were evaluated at admission (Glasgow Coma Scale - GCS and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale - NIHSS) at discharge (GCS, NIHSS, Barthel Index - BI and modifi ed Rankin Scale - mRS) and at 3 months (BI and mRS). CT ASPECTS was calculated by two observers independently. We divided patients in to two groups with ‘Better’ and ‘Worse’ ASPECTS with score of 8-10 and 0-7 respectively and compared the primary and secondary stroke outcome measures. Results: Among 100 patients with acute MCA infarction (median age 55 yrs, 62 males), median ASPECTS scores had inter-rater reliability of 0.82. The mortality, GCS and NIHSS at discharge, and mRS and BI at 3 months are signifi cantly better among patients with ‘Better’ compared to ‘Worse’ APSECTS. The hospital stay was shorter in patients with Better ASPCTS. Conclusion: In the setting of acute ischemic stroke, ASPECTS has good correlation with severity of stroke, and is strong predictor of early and delayed outcome in acute ischemic stroke.

OBJECTIVE: The literature on managing migraine non-responsive to pharmacological approaches and that co-occurring with depression is scanty. The comorbid condition predicts a poorer prognosis for migraine as well as depression. The present report assesses efficacy and tolerability of high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as a treatment modality for migraine with comorbid depression. METHODS: The current retrospective chart review assesses effectiveness of high frequency rTMS over left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as a treatment modality to manage migraine occurring comorbid with depression in 14 subjects. RESULTS: The mean scores on Migraine Disability Assessment Test (MIDAS) and depression rating scale reduced significantly from 21.14±3.01 and 20.71±3.95 at baseline to 13.93±6.09 and 14.21±5.52 respectively, after rTMS. There was significant improvement in migraine frequency, severity and functional disability assessed using MIDAS scores (p < 0.05) following high frequency rTMS compared to baseline. CONCLUSION: There is a role of applying rTMS as a potential therapeutic modality in the integrated management of a distinct subgroup of migraine patients with comorbid depression.
Depression ; Humans ; Migraine Disorders ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Paroxysmal autonomic instability with dystonia (PAID) appears to be a unique syndrome following brain injury. It can echo many life-threatening conditions, making its early recognition and management a challenge for intensivists. A delay in early recognition and subsequent management may result in increased morbidity, which is preventable in affected patients. Herein, we report the case of a patient who was diagnosed with PAID syndrome following prolonged cardiac arrest, and discuss the pathophysiology, clinical presentation and management of this rare and under-recognised clinical entity.
Adult ; Anxiety ; complications ; Autonomic Nervous System Diseases ; etiology ; Brain Injuries ; etiology ; Critical Care ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Dystonia ; etiology ; Heart Arrest ; complications ; Humans ; Hypoxia ; Male ; Respiration Disorders ; complications ; Syndrome ; Treatment Outcome

The present study was undertaken to explore the potential of erythropoietin in memory deficits of mice. Memory impairment was produced by scopolamine (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) and intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (i.c.v STZ, 3 mg/kg, 10 microliter, 1st and 3rd day) in separate groups of animals. Morris water-maze test was employed to assess learning and memory. The levels of brain thio-barbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were estimated to assess degree of oxidative stress. Brain acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) activity was also measured. Scopolamine/streptozotocin administration induced significant impairment of learning and memory in mice as indicated by marked decrease in Morris water-maze performance. Scopolamine/streptozotocin administration also produced a significant enhancement of brain AChE activity and brain oxidative stress (an increase in TBARS and a decrease in GSH) levels. Treatment of erythropoietin (500 and 1,000 IU/Kg i.p.) significantly reversed scopolamine- as well as streptozotocin-induced learning and memory deficits along with attenuation of those-induced rise in brain AChE activity and brain oxidative stress levels. It may be concluded that erythropoietin exerts a beneficial effect in memory deficits of mice possibly through its multiple actions including potential anti-oxidative effect.
Acetylcholinesterase ; Animals ; Brain ; Dementia ; Erythropoietin ; Glutathione ; Learning ; Memory ; Memory Disorders ; Mice ; Oxidative Stress ; Scopolamine Hydrobromide ; Streptozocin ; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances

Management of maxillofacial trauma includes primary care, in which diagnosis and management of dentoalveolar injury play a vital role. Due to the impact sustained during a maxillofacial injury (whether direct or indirect), dentoalveolar injuries can occur, leading to fracture and displacement of teeth and associated alveolar bone into the surrounding soft tissues and associated structures, such as the maxillary sinus, nasal cavity, upper respiratory tract, tracheobronchial tree, or gastrointestinal tract. Undiagnosed displaced teeth may cause complications such as airway obstruction. This paper reports a case of displaced teeth in the nasal cavity and gastrointestinal tract and highlights the management protocol for displaced teeth secondary to maxillofacial trauma.

Management of maxillofacial trauma includes primary care, in which diagnosis and management of dentoalveolar injury play a vital role. Due to the impact sustained during a maxillofacial injury (whether direct or indirect), dentoalveolar injuries can occur, leading to fracture and displacement of teeth and associated alveolar bone into the surrounding soft tissues and associated structures, such as the maxillary sinus, nasal cavity, upper respiratory tract, tracheobronchial tree, or gastrointestinal tract. Undiagnosed displaced teeth may cause complications such as airway obstruction. This paper reports a case of displaced teeth in the nasal cavity and gastrointestinal tract and highlights the management protocol for displaced teeth secondary to maxillofacial trauma.

Obsessive-compulsive symptoms and/or obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) are frequently comorbid with schizophrenia, though the exact clinical and etiological relationship between them is poorly understood. Here we describe a case that, to the best of our knowledge, is the first report of new-onset OCD in a patient who was receiving high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over left dorsolateral pre-frontal cortex as an adjuvant therapy for negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Thisreport supports our understanding of OCD as a brain disorder involving hyper-activity of pre-frontal cortex and cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical circuit dysfunction.
Brain Diseases ; Humans ; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Schizophrenia ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation