The effects of exogenous glucose in artificial spring water (ASW) were studied on the survival and infectivity of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. The mean percent survival of cercariae maintained in 1 % glucose in ASW for 36 and 48 hr was significantly greater than that of cercariae maintained identically in ASW. Cercariae maintained in ASW with or without glucose for 24 hr, fixed in neutral buffered formalin, and stained in Oil Red O, showed an accumulation of neutral lipid in the tail. Cercariae maintained as described above and stained in periodic acid-Schiff exhibited depleted glycogen, mainly from the tail. Cercariae maintained in ASW with glucose for 24 hr did not resynthesize glycogen. Cercariae maintained in ASW with glucose for 24 hr were as capable of infecting male FVBN202 mice as were freshly emerged cercariae, and increased the percent of worm recovery. Exogeneous glucose added to ASW prolonged the survival of S. mansoni cercariae and increased infectivity in terms of worm recovery.
Animals ; Glucose/*pharmacology ; Larva ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Schistosoma mansoni/*growth & development/*pathogenicity ; Stimulation, Chemical ; Time Factors ; Water

BACKGROUND: Total knee arthroplasty is a reliable and durable procedure in the treatment of knee arthritis. Patient selection is one scientific aspect of total knee replacement and the surgeon must develop knowledge about those patients who will benefit from total knee replacement. Authors tried to find any differences in preoperative status for Koreans and Americans undergoing total knee replacement arthroplasty(TKRA) for primary osteoarthritis(OA). Another goal of this study was to determine whether Koreans undergoing elective TKIRA for primary OA had more advanced disease preoperatively than Americans undergoing the same procedure. METHODS: Preoperative clinical and radiographic severity of knee OA was determined between Koreans who underwent TKRA at the National Medical Center in Seoul, Korea and Americans who underwent the same procedure at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, USA. RESULTS: There were 62 women and five men included in the group I(Koreans) compared to 60 women and thirty men in the group II(Americans). The mean age for the patients in the group I was 64.0 years and for the group II 69.5 years. The average weight for the group I was 63.8 Kg(range, 46-85 kg) with an average height of 152.4 cm(range, 133-168 cm). The corresponding data in the group II was 86.6 kg(range, 54-170 kg) and 167.4 cm(range, 147-196 cm). The mean preoperative knee score(developed by The Knee Society) for the group I was 32.7 points and the mean preoperative function score was 42.0 points. The mean preoperative knee and function scores for the group II were 38.1 and 46.2 points, respectively. The mean preoperative flexion contracture and further flexion were 11.7degrees(range, 0-40degrees) and 124.8degrees(range, 70-140degrees), respectively. The corresponding data in the group II were 4.0degrees(range, 0-15degrees) and 107.7degrees(range, 80-130degrees), respectively. The group I knees had a mean preoperative tibiofemoral angle of 4.8degrees(+/-6.0degrees) varus. For the group H knees, the preoperative tibiofemoral angle was 0.83degrees(+/-7.80degrees) valgus. Lateral FT(femorotibial) osteoarthritis was not found in any Korean patients but seen in 18 cases(17.8%) of American patients. CONCLUSION: The observed differences in the status prior to TKRA indicate that Koreans are operated on at a more advanced stage in the course of their disease than Americans. A number of important issues remain to be addressed in future research, such as the role of patient preference and different access to TKRA and the differences of their clinical presentation.
Arthritis ; Arthroplasty* ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee* ; Contracture ; Female ; Humans ; Knee ; Korea ; Male ; Osteoarthritis* ; Patient Preference ; Patient Selection ; Pennsylvania ; Seoul

Background: and Purpose While excessive daytime sleepiness can predate Parkinson’s disease in late-life, its association with parkinsonian-like (P-L) symptoms in middle age are unknown. Since neurodegeneration can appear decades before a diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease, identifying clinical features associated with this early progression is important. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of daytime sleepiness with P-L symptoms in a population-based sample of middle-aged Korean adults. Methods: During 2013 and 2014, daytime sleepiness and P-L symptoms were assessed in 2,063 males and females aged 50–64 years who were participating in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. The severity of daytime sleepiness was quantified by the score on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Self-reported P-L symptoms included nine motor disorders commonly associated with Parkinson’s disease. Participants with parkinsonism and related conditions are excluded. Results: The prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness (ESS score >10) was 7.0%. The frequencies of P-L symptoms ranged from 0.5% (for “trouble buttoning buttons”) to 18.4% (for “handwriting smaller than it once was”). After adjustment for covariates and multiple testing, the relative odds of P-L symptoms comparing the 80th and 20th percentiles of ESS scores was 1.6 (p=0.001) for “voice is softer than it once was,” 2.1 (p<0.001) for “balance when walking is poor,” and 1.5 (p=0.002) for “loss of facial expression.” The prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness increased from 6.3% to 19.8% when the number of symptoms increased from zero to three (p=0.004). Conclusions In Korean adults aged 50–64 years, daytime sleepiness is significantly associated with P-L symptoms. Whether coexisting daytime sleepiness and P-L symptoms predate extrapyramidal and other impairments in later life warrants further investigation.

No abstract available.
Cervix Neoplasms/*radiotherapy ; Female ; Human ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pregnancy

A subconjunctival orbital fat prolapse is frequently confused with a dermolipoma clinically. These two entities have similar clinical appearances, but are clearly distinct. The clinical features, differential diagnosis, and treatment modalities of subconjunctival orbital fat prolapse and dermolipoma are discussed.
Adipose Tissue/*pathology ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Lipoma/*diagnosis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Orbit/pathology/radiography ; Orbital Diseases/*diagnosis ; Orbital Neoplasms/*diagnosis ; Prolapse

A subconjunctival orbital fat prolapse is frequently confused with a dermolipoma clinically. These two entities have similar clinical appearances, but are clearly distinct. The clinical features, differential diagnosis, and treatment modalities of subconjunctival orbital fat prolapse and dermolipoma are discussed.
Adipose Tissue/*pathology ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Lipoma/*diagnosis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Orbit/pathology/radiography ; Orbital Diseases/*diagnosis ; Orbital Neoplasms/*diagnosis ; Prolapse

No abstract available.
Drainage

Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) has become the preferred treatment for abdominal aortic aneurysm. EVAR results in sac exclusion and subsequent sac depressurization, which prevents aneurysm rupture and aneurysm related death. Its benefits have led to a widespread adaptation. However, EVAR has transformed abdominal aortic aneurysm from an ailment with the definitive cure (open surgical repair) into a chronic disease process with the need for a close, life-long surveillance and increased potential for secondary interventions. Following EVAR, endoleak can occur, and incidence varies widely ranging from 15% to 52%. Endoleak can lead to sac growth and concern for rupture. Treatment depends on the leak type. Type I and III endoleaks should be treated. There is general consensus that type II endoleaks can be monitored except in cases of sac enlargement >5 mm. Treatment of type V endoleak, or "endotension" is controversial. These endoleaks have been associated with the first generation high porosity Gore Excluder stent graft. In these cases, relining the stent graft with resultant halt of sac growth has been descried. With the next generation of low porosity Gore Excluder, endotension is a less commonplace. Nonetheless, sac growth in the absence of endoleak can occur with any stent graft system, and surgical conversion may be warranted. Needless to say, this decision is made on an individual case basis. Management of sac growth is varied and can generally be categorized by approach (transarterial, translumbar, transcaval, and laparoscopic) or by method of repair (embolization, proximal/distal extension, endostaple, and surgical conversion). Extension pieces are used to seal type I endoleaks wheng there is adequate neck length to extend the seal. Use of fenestrated or "chimney" grafts can extend coverage to the pararenal aorta. When there is insufficient additional neck to obtain the seal, a Palmaz stent or noncompliant balloon can be considered. Recent approval of an endovascular stapler is a novel method for treating type I endoleaks. Type II endoleak treatment is conceptually similar to the treatment of a vascular malformation. An attempt should be made to embolize the inflow and outflow vessels, as well as the endoleak nidus. Laparoscopic branch vessel ligation or sac plication has been described. Finally, rather than responding to the endoleaks that occur, a strategy of preemptive action to prevent their appearance should be considered, though this is not widely practiced. Aneurysm sac "thrombization" involves embolization of the sac with a combination of glue and coil during the time of initial stent graft implantation. This may decrease the subsequent development of endoleak. Preoperative ligation or embolization of a patent inferior mesenteric artery is performed at some centers. Finally, the aforementioned endostapler can be used to prevent future endoleak and graft migration, particularly in hostile neck anatomy.
Adhesives ; Aneurysm ; Aorta ; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal ; Chronic Disease ; Consensus ; Endoleak ; Endovascular Procedures ; Glycosaminoglycans ; Incidence ; Ligation ; Mesenteric Artery, Inferior ; Neck ; Porosity ; Rupture ; Stents ; Transplants ; Vascular Malformations

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine a J-shaped relationship between alcohol consumption and depression among the elderly in South Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-section data were drawn from a community-based sample of individuals 60 years of age and older (n=1819). Respondents completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Intensification Test (AUDIT) and the Korean Beck Depression Inventory. Using a regression approach, the effect of alcohol consumption as a non-linear effect was assessed in relation to gender, marital status, exercise, smoking, age, education, and physical and mental health. RESULTS: AUDIT total score were found to exert linear and quadratic effects that were significantly associated with higher depression scores among sample respondents. The results lend support to a J-shaped relationship between alcohol use and depression, wherein abstainers and problem drinkers were at a higher risk of depression. CONCLUSION: This study confirms a J-shaped (i.e., curvilinear) relationship between alcohol consumption and depression among elderly South Koreans, similar to that frequently found in studies of Western-based samples. The findings of this study, therefore, imply the applicability of the J-shaped relationship hypothesis for non-Western society samples and within different cultural contexts.
Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alcohol Drinking/*epidemiology/*psychology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression/*diagnosis/*epidemiology/psychology ; Depressive Disorder/diagnosis/psychology ; Female ; Geriatric Assessment ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Male ; Marital Status ; Middle Aged ; Personality Inventory ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Residence Characteristics ; Smoking/epidemiology

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine a J-shaped relationship between alcohol consumption and depression among the elderly in South Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-section data were drawn from a community-based sample of individuals 60 years of age and older (n=1819). Respondents completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Intensification Test (AUDIT) and the Korean Beck Depression Inventory. Using a regression approach, the effect of alcohol consumption as a non-linear effect was assessed in relation to gender, marital status, exercise, smoking, age, education, and physical and mental health. RESULTS: AUDIT total score were found to exert linear and quadratic effects that were significantly associated with higher depression scores among sample respondents. The results lend support to a J-shaped relationship between alcohol use and depression, wherein abstainers and problem drinkers were at a higher risk of depression. CONCLUSION: This study confirms a J-shaped (i.e., curvilinear) relationship between alcohol consumption and depression among elderly South Koreans, similar to that frequently found in studies of Western-based samples. The findings of this study, therefore, imply the applicability of the J-shaped relationship hypothesis for non-Western society samples and within different cultural contexts.
Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alcohol Drinking/*epidemiology/*psychology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression/*diagnosis/*epidemiology/psychology ; Depressive Disorder/diagnosis/psychology ; Female ; Geriatric Assessment ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Male ; Marital Status ; Middle Aged ; Personality Inventory ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Residence Characteristics ; Smoking/epidemiology