No abstract available.
Drainage

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the gold standard for the evaluation of biliary strictures and the management of bile duct stones. However, standard ERCP techniques sometimes fail for both indications. In such situations, peroral cholangioscopy (POCS), which allows direct visualization of the bile duct, can play a significant role in diagnosis and treatment. Direct visualization using POCS can help differentiate between malignant and benign conditions and is more accurate in defining the extent of cholangiocarcinoma. Furthermore, POCS enables visually guided biopsies. Certain types of difficult bile duct stones, such as impacted and intrahepatic stones, require POCS for visually guided lithotripsy. Recent advancements in POCS will broaden its applicability and improve its diagnostic utility. In this review, we provide perspectives on the past, present, and future of POCS.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the gold standard for the evaluation of biliary strictures and the management of bile duct stones. However, standard ERCP techniques sometimes fail for both indications. In such situations, peroral cholangioscopy (POCS), which allows direct visualization of the bile duct, can play a significant role in diagnosis and treatment. Direct visualization using POCS can help differentiate between malignant and benign conditions and is more accurate in defining the extent of cholangiocarcinoma. Furthermore, POCS enables visually guided biopsies. Certain types of difficult bile duct stones, such as impacted and intrahepatic stones, require POCS for visually guided lithotripsy. Recent advancements in POCS will broaden its applicability and improve its diagnostic utility. In this review, we provide perspectives on the past, present, and future of POCS.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the gold standard for the evaluation of biliary strictures and the management of bile duct stones. However, standard ERCP techniques sometimes fail for both indications. In such situations, peroral cholangioscopy (POCS), which allows direct visualization of the bile duct, can play a significant role in diagnosis and treatment. Direct visualization using POCS can help differentiate between malignant and benign conditions and is more accurate in defining the extent of cholangiocarcinoma. Furthermore, POCS enables visually guided biopsies. Certain types of difficult bile duct stones, such as impacted and intrahepatic stones, require POCS for visually guided lithotripsy. Recent advancements in POCS will broaden its applicability and improve its diagnostic utility. In this review, we provide perspectives on the past, present, and future of POCS.

Incidental pancreatic cysts are being increasingly recognized recently with incremented concern about health and frequent health check-up. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has emerged as the principal modality for imaging pancreas for various pancreatic diseases including pancreatic cyst. But imaging alone cannot accurately identify the exact nature of the pancreatic cyst. EUS-guided fine needle aspiration is a useful adjunctive procedure to differentiate pancreatic cystic lesions. Cystic fluid analysis with cytologic evaluation is important to diagnose etiology of pancreatic cystic lesions, helping the clinician to more accurately assess the presence or potential for malignancy.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration ; Endosonography ; Pancreas ; Pancreatic Cyst ; Pancreatic Diseases