Objective To investigate the relationship between anesthetic factors and intestinal injury in the patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods Ninety American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients of both sexes,aged 18-64 yr,with New York Heart Association grade Ⅱ or Ⅲ,undergoing elective cardiac surgery with CPB,were divided into 2 groups (n =45 each) using a random number table:propofol-based anesthesia group (group P) and sevoflurane-based anesthesia group (group S).CPB was established routinely after anesthesia induction.Before induction (T0),immediately after aortic unclamping (T1),at 30 min after aortic unclamping (T2) and at 2 h after discontinuation of CPB (T3),blood samples were collected from the radial artery for determination of the plasma endotoxin,D-lactic acid,diamine oxidase (DAO) and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (Ⅰ-FABP) concentrations (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6),IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-o) concentrations (using radio-immunity method).Results Compared with the baseline at T0,the concentrations of plasma endotoxin,D-lactic acid,DAO,TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8 and I-FABP were significantly increased at T1-T3 in both groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group P,the concentrations of plasma endotoxin,D-lactic acid,DAO,TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8 and I-FABP were significantly decreased at T1-T3 in group S (P＜0.05).Conclusion Anesthetic factors are related to intestinal injury in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB.Compared with propofol-based anesthesia,sevoflurane-based anesthesia is helpful in reducing the inflammatory response and in decreasing the degree of intestinal injury and is more suitable for the cardiac surgery with CPB.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics (social background,comorbidity,complications and outcomes of pregnancy) of multipara in Beijing area.Methods A systematic cluster sampling survey was conducted on 15 194 pregnant women who gave birth at 15 hospitals in Beijing from January to June in 2013.The age,gestational weeks at delivery,education background,geographical distribution,health insurance coverage,mode of delivery,comorbidity and complications of pregnancy,pregnant outcomes and other relevant clinical data were collected and analyzed with two-sample t test or Chi-square test.Results The proportion of multipara in Beijing area was 21.12％ (3 209/15 194),the per capita number of delivery was 1.23 (18 745/15 194).The ratio of women with higher education background,average monthly household income over 3 000 yuan,urban residence and social insurance in multipara were much lower than those in primipara (all P＜0.05).The mean maternal age of multipara was (30.02±4.88) years,pre-pregnancy body mass index was 22.24 ± 3.48,which were all higher than those of primipara [(27.82 ± 4.03) years and 21.54 ± 3.29,respectively,t=23.440 and 11.115,all P＜0.01].And the gestational weeks at delivery and mean weight gain during pregnancy of multipara was less than that of primipara [(39.15 ±1.67) vs (39.49 ± 1.67) weeks,t=-14.044,P=0.000;(14.66±6.24) vs (15.81 ± 5.86) kg,t=-9.448,P=0.000],while the levels of total cholesterol,triglyceride and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol and the incidence of macrosomia were significantly higher [(5.59± 1.14) vs (5.24± 1.15) mmol/L,(2.31± 1.38) vs (1.96± 1.34) mmol/L,(3.03±0.91) vs (2.82±0.87) mmol/L,t=12.867,15.718 and 10.275,all P＜0.01;9.29％ (298/3 209) vs 7.24％ (868/11 985),x2=14.926,P=0.000].Significantly lower incidences of abnormal amniotic fluid volume,premature rupture of membranes,fetal distress,abnormal labor and vaginal delivery (all P ＜ 0.01),but higher neonatal birth weight [(3 374.38 ±504.57) vs (3 328.39±488.70) g,t=4.839,P=0.000] and cesarean section rate [45.96％ (1 475/3 209) vs 42.49％(5 092/11 985),x2=12.477,P＜0.01] were found in multipara than in primipara.Compared with primipara,multipara had higher incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus,diabetes during pregnancy,pregnancy complicated with cardiovascular problems,hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy [adjusted OR(95％CI):1.265 (1.135-1.411),1.799 (1.215 2.663),1.567 (1.221-2.347),1.647 (1.300-2.086),all P＜0.01].Conclusions The primipara is the major reproductive population in Beijing area.However,the multipara requires close antenatal care because of their susceptibility to pregnant complications.

Objective To analyze the effect of five kinds of complicated root canals therapy by utilizing sur- gical microscopes.Methods A total of 359 exactly diagnosed complicated root canals were consecutively treated from July 2003 to December 2004 in department of stomatology,No.4 Affilicated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical College.The complicated root canals observed included calcified blocked root canals,instrument fracture root canals, MB_2 root canals,"C"type root canals and retreated root canals.Two groups were randomly departed according to the patients' will.180 complicated root canals were in the therapy group treated with surgical microscopes;in control group,179 complicated root canals were treated by traditional root therapy methods without surgical microscopes. From two aspects of statisties and clinic,two groups' achievement ratios were compared.Results Statistically achievement ratios of five kinds of root canals in the therapy group were 68.18 %,71.43 %,70.00 %,83.33 %, 80.39 % respectively,higher than those in the control group which were 13.33 %,16.67 %,25.00 %,22.73 % and 38.46 % respectively.The differences had obvious statistical significance(x~2=21.607,23.572,8.120,19.100, 20.488;P=0.000,0.000,0.004,0.000,0.000,P

OBJECTIVE:To compare pharmacoeconomic and effect of Xueshuantong for injection and Ginkgo leaf extract and dipyridamole injection in the treatment of ischemic stroke. METHODS:Retrospective study was conducted. Totally 404 inpatients with ischemic stroke were divided into Xueshuantong group(271 cases)and ginkgo leaf extract and dipyridamole group(133 cas-es) according to clinical treatment programs. Based on the conventional treatment,patients in 2 groups were given Xueshuantong for injection and ginkgo leaf extract and dipyridamole injection,respectively. The average treatment course was 10 d. Cost-minimi-zation analysis was performed with the determination index of total effective rate. RESULTS:The total effective rates in Xueshuan-tong group and ginkgo leaf extract and dipyridamole group were 90.77% and 88.72%,respectively,the difference was not statisti-cally significant(P>0.05). The costs in 2 groups were 12 860.21 yuan and 13 155.40 yuan,respectively,and xueshuantong group had lower than ginkgo leaf extract and dipyridamde group. CONCLUSIONS:Both Xueshuantong for injection and Ginkgo leaf ex-tract and dipyridamole injection are effective in the treatment of ischemic stroke. However,the economy of Xueshuantong for injec-tion is superior to the other one.

Objective To review the occurrence and relevant factors of adverse drug reactions (ADR) of Xueshuantong Injection. Methods Articles and documents in CNKI, VIP, and CBM were searched in June 2014 according to incorporation and exclusion standard. The dose, indication, medicating path and method, solvent, as well as the duration of treatment course and adverse reaction of Xueshuantong Injection were analyzed. The national information system for monitoring ADR was searched to collect adverse reaction cases of Xueshuantong Injection (2004.9-2014.9) reported in Lanzhou region. Cases were analyzed and under analogy with literature results. Results Totally 66 articles involving 4686 patients were included (except for patients of control group). Adverse reactions occurred in 767 patients, including skin damage (402 cases), systemic damage (221 cases), gastrointestinal system damage (75 cases). All of these were relieved after treatment. There were 11 adverse reaction cases of Xueshuantong Injection from Lanzhou region reported in the national information system for monitoring ADR. Conclusion There is a high incidence of adverse reactions in the clinical application of Xueshuantong Injection and ratio of serious adverse events report.

Objectives: ：Based on the fact that cognitive functions decline known as comorbid symptoms of depression can precede depression, this study seeks to observe the effects of depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms on cognitive function in healthy subjects. Methods: ：To recruit 50 general populations to evaluate cognitive and clinical symptoms and to find out the effects of clinical symptoms on cognitive functions, Pearson correlation and multivariate regression were conducted. Correlation analysis of subdomain cognitive function was conducted for reliability analysis. Results: ：Trail making test-B that evaluates the execution function correlates with depressive symptoms (r=0.300, p=0.03) and age (r=0.323, p=0.02). Depressive symptoms (β=0.304, p=0.03) and age (β=0.335, p=0.01) were significantly related to Trail making test -B (Adjusted R2 =0.148). Subjective cognitive tests correlates with anxiety symptoms (r=0.434, p=0.002). In the correlation between cognitive functional items, Subjective cognitive tests was found to be correlated with other test except Spotter. Conclusions ：In this study, depressive symptoms contribute independently to executive functions in addition to demographic characteristics such as age and duration of education. Given that cognitive decline is a common long-term clinical outcome in depression, we expect active early intervention and evaluation of cognitive function to be helpful.

Background: Circadian rhythms have gained importance in the field of psychiatry because of their involvement in overall body functions and their association with mental health. This study investigated the relationship between circadian rhythms, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and chronotype. Methods: Circadian rhythms, depression and anxiety symptoms, hypomanic symptoms, quality of life, hopelessness, and chronotype were evaluated in 30 healthy adults. Results: Multiple linear regression analysis revealed statistically significant correlations between Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (BRIAN) scores and certain factors. Particularly, Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (p=0.009), Beck Anxiety Inventory (p=0.03), and Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (p<0.001) were found to be significant predictors of the degree of circadian rhythm disruption, as measured by BRIAN. The results showed that irregularity in circadian rhythms was associated with depression and anxiety symptoms, and no significant correlation was observed between chronotype and irregularity in the circadian rhythms. The findings indicated that misalignment between an individual’s chronotype and societal norms, such as work schedules and meal times, could contribute to circadian rhythm disruption, particularly in individuals with an evening chronotype. In contrast, this disruption was associated with an increased risk of anxiety and depression. Conclusion These findings provide important information to better understand the impact of circadian rhythms on mental health.

Background: Circadian rhythms have gained importance in the field of psychiatry because of their involvement in overall body functions and their association with mental health. This study investigated the relationship between circadian rhythms, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and chronotype. Methods: Circadian rhythms, depression and anxiety symptoms, hypomanic symptoms, quality of life, hopelessness, and chronotype were evaluated in 30 healthy adults. Results: Multiple linear regression analysis revealed statistically significant correlations between Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (BRIAN) scores and certain factors. Particularly, Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (p=0.009), Beck Anxiety Inventory (p=0.03), and Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (p<0.001) were found to be significant predictors of the degree of circadian rhythm disruption, as measured by BRIAN. The results showed that irregularity in circadian rhythms was associated with depression and anxiety symptoms, and no significant correlation was observed between chronotype and irregularity in the circadian rhythms. The findings indicated that misalignment between an individual’s chronotype and societal norms, such as work schedules and meal times, could contribute to circadian rhythm disruption, particularly in individuals with an evening chronotype. In contrast, this disruption was associated with an increased risk of anxiety and depression. Conclusion These findings provide important information to better understand the impact of circadian rhythms on mental health.

Background: Circadian rhythms have gained importance in the field of psychiatry because of their involvement in overall body functions and their association with mental health. This study investigated the relationship between circadian rhythms, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and chronotype. Methods: Circadian rhythms, depression and anxiety symptoms, hypomanic symptoms, quality of life, hopelessness, and chronotype were evaluated in 30 healthy adults. Results: Multiple linear regression analysis revealed statistically significant correlations between Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (BRIAN) scores and certain factors. Particularly, Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (p=0.009), Beck Anxiety Inventory (p=0.03), and Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (p<0.001) were found to be significant predictors of the degree of circadian rhythm disruption, as measured by BRIAN. The results showed that irregularity in circadian rhythms was associated with depression and anxiety symptoms, and no significant correlation was observed between chronotype and irregularity in the circadian rhythms. The findings indicated that misalignment between an individual’s chronotype and societal norms, such as work schedules and meal times, could contribute to circadian rhythm disruption, particularly in individuals with an evening chronotype. In contrast, this disruption was associated with an increased risk of anxiety and depression. Conclusion These findings provide important information to better understand the impact of circadian rhythms on mental health.

Background: Circadian rhythms have gained importance in the field of psychiatry because of their involvement in overall body functions and their association with mental health. This study investigated the relationship between circadian rhythms, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and chronotype. Methods: Circadian rhythms, depression and anxiety symptoms, hypomanic symptoms, quality of life, hopelessness, and chronotype were evaluated in 30 healthy adults. Results: Multiple linear regression analysis revealed statistically significant correlations between Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (BRIAN) scores and certain factors. Particularly, Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (p=0.009), Beck Anxiety Inventory (p=0.03), and Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (p<0.001) were found to be significant predictors of the degree of circadian rhythm disruption, as measured by BRIAN. The results showed that irregularity in circadian rhythms was associated with depression and anxiety symptoms, and no significant correlation was observed between chronotype and irregularity in the circadian rhythms. The findings indicated that misalignment between an individual’s chronotype and societal norms, such as work schedules and meal times, could contribute to circadian rhythm disruption, particularly in individuals with an evening chronotype. In contrast, this disruption was associated with an increased risk of anxiety and depression. Conclusion These findings provide important information to better understand the impact of circadian rhythms on mental health.