Objective To investigate the relationship between anesthetic factors and intestinal injury in the patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods Ninety American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients of both sexes,aged 18-64 yr,with New York Heart Association grade Ⅱ or Ⅲ,undergoing elective cardiac surgery with CPB,were divided into 2 groups (n =45 each) using a random number table:propofol-based anesthesia group (group P) and sevoflurane-based anesthesia group (group S).CPB was established routinely after anesthesia induction.Before induction (T0),immediately after aortic unclamping (T1),at 30 min after aortic unclamping (T2) and at 2 h after discontinuation of CPB (T3),blood samples were collected from the radial artery for determination of the plasma endotoxin,D-lactic acid,diamine oxidase (DAO) and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (Ⅰ-FABP) concentrations (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6),IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-o) concentrations (using radio-immunity method).Results Compared with the baseline at T0,the concentrations of plasma endotoxin,D-lactic acid,DAO,TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8 and I-FABP were significantly increased at T1-T3 in both groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group P,the concentrations of plasma endotoxin,D-lactic acid,DAO,TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8 and I-FABP were significantly decreased at T1-T3 in group S (P＜0.05).Conclusion Anesthetic factors are related to intestinal injury in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB.Compared with propofol-based anesthesia,sevoflurane-based anesthesia is helpful in reducing the inflammatory response and in decreasing the degree of intestinal injury and is more suitable for the cardiac surgery with CPB.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics (social background,comorbidity,complications and outcomes of pregnancy) of multipara in Beijing area.Methods A systematic cluster sampling survey was conducted on 15 194 pregnant women who gave birth at 15 hospitals in Beijing from January to June in 2013.The age,gestational weeks at delivery,education background,geographical distribution,health insurance coverage,mode of delivery,comorbidity and complications of pregnancy,pregnant outcomes and other relevant clinical data were collected and analyzed with two-sample t test or Chi-square test.Results The proportion of multipara in Beijing area was 21.12％ (3 209/15 194),the per capita number of delivery was 1.23 (18 745/15 194).The ratio of women with higher education background,average monthly household income over 3 000 yuan,urban residence and social insurance in multipara were much lower than those in primipara (all P＜0.05).The mean maternal age of multipara was (30.02±4.88) years,pre-pregnancy body mass index was 22.24 ± 3.48,which were all higher than those of primipara [(27.82 ± 4.03) years and 21.54 ± 3.29,respectively,t=23.440 and 11.115,all P＜0.01].And the gestational weeks at delivery and mean weight gain during pregnancy of multipara was less than that of primipara [(39.15 ±1.67) vs (39.49 ± 1.67) weeks,t=-14.044,P=0.000;(14.66±6.24) vs (15.81 ± 5.86) kg,t=-9.448,P=0.000],while the levels of total cholesterol,triglyceride and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol and the incidence of macrosomia were significantly higher [(5.59± 1.14) vs (5.24± 1.15) mmol/L,(2.31± 1.38) vs (1.96± 1.34) mmol/L,(3.03±0.91) vs (2.82±0.87) mmol/L,t=12.867,15.718 and 10.275,all P＜0.01;9.29％ (298/3 209) vs 7.24％ (868/11 985),x2=14.926,P=0.000].Significantly lower incidences of abnormal amniotic fluid volume,premature rupture of membranes,fetal distress,abnormal labor and vaginal delivery (all P ＜ 0.01),but higher neonatal birth weight [(3 374.38 ±504.57) vs (3 328.39±488.70) g,t=4.839,P=0.000] and cesarean section rate [45.96％ (1 475/3 209) vs 42.49％(5 092/11 985),x2=12.477,P＜0.01] were found in multipara than in primipara.Compared with primipara,multipara had higher incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus,diabetes during pregnancy,pregnancy complicated with cardiovascular problems,hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy [adjusted OR(95％CI):1.265 (1.135-1.411),1.799 (1.215 2.663),1.567 (1.221-2.347),1.647 (1.300-2.086),all P＜0.01].Conclusions The primipara is the major reproductive population in Beijing area.However,the multipara requires close antenatal care because of their susceptibility to pregnant complications.

OBJECTIVE:To compare pharmacoeconomic and effect of Xueshuantong for injection and Ginkgo leaf extract and dipyridamole injection in the treatment of ischemic stroke. METHODS:Retrospective study was conducted. Totally 404 inpatients with ischemic stroke were divided into Xueshuantong group(271 cases)and ginkgo leaf extract and dipyridamole group(133 cas-es) according to clinical treatment programs. Based on the conventional treatment,patients in 2 groups were given Xueshuantong for injection and ginkgo leaf extract and dipyridamole injection,respectively. The average treatment course was 10 d. Cost-minimi-zation analysis was performed with the determination index of total effective rate. RESULTS:The total effective rates in Xueshuan-tong group and ginkgo leaf extract and dipyridamole group were 90.77% and 88.72%,respectively,the difference was not statisti-cally significant(P>0.05). The costs in 2 groups were 12 860.21 yuan and 13 155.40 yuan,respectively,and xueshuantong group had lower than ginkgo leaf extract and dipyridamde group. CONCLUSIONS:Both Xueshuantong for injection and Ginkgo leaf ex-tract and dipyridamole injection are effective in the treatment of ischemic stroke. However,the economy of Xueshuantong for injec-tion is superior to the other one.

Objective To analyze the effect of five kinds of complicated root canals therapy by utilizing sur- gical microscopes.Methods A total of 359 exactly diagnosed complicated root canals were consecutively treated from July 2003 to December 2004 in department of stomatology,No.4 Affilicated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical College.The complicated root canals observed included calcified blocked root canals,instrument fracture root canals, MB_2 root canals,"C"type root canals and retreated root canals.Two groups were randomly departed according to the patients' will.180 complicated root canals were in the therapy group treated with surgical microscopes;in control group,179 complicated root canals were treated by traditional root therapy methods without surgical microscopes. From two aspects of statisties and clinic,two groups' achievement ratios were compared.Results Statistically achievement ratios of five kinds of root canals in the therapy group were 68.18 %,71.43 %,70.00 %,83.33 %, 80.39 % respectively,higher than those in the control group which were 13.33 %,16.67 %,25.00 %,22.73 % and 38.46 % respectively.The differences had obvious statistical significance(x~2=21.607,23.572,8.120,19.100, 20.488;P=0.000,0.000,0.004,0.000,0.000,P

Objective To review the occurrence and relevant factors of adverse drug reactions (ADR) of Xueshuantong Injection. Methods Articles and documents in CNKI, VIP, and CBM were searched in June 2014 according to incorporation and exclusion standard. The dose, indication, medicating path and method, solvent, as well as the duration of treatment course and adverse reaction of Xueshuantong Injection were analyzed. The national information system for monitoring ADR was searched to collect adverse reaction cases of Xueshuantong Injection (2004.9-2014.9) reported in Lanzhou region. Cases were analyzed and under analogy with literature results. Results Totally 66 articles involving 4686 patients were included (except for patients of control group). Adverse reactions occurred in 767 patients, including skin damage (402 cases), systemic damage (221 cases), gastrointestinal system damage (75 cases). All of these were relieved after treatment. There were 11 adverse reaction cases of Xueshuantong Injection from Lanzhou region reported in the national information system for monitoring ADR. Conclusion There is a high incidence of adverse reactions in the clinical application of Xueshuantong Injection and ratio of serious adverse events report.

Objectives: ：Based on the fact that cognitive functions decline known as comorbid symptoms of depression can precede depression, this study seeks to observe the effects of depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms on cognitive function in healthy subjects. Methods: ：To recruit 50 general populations to evaluate cognitive and clinical symptoms and to find out the effects of clinical symptoms on cognitive functions, Pearson correlation and multivariate regression were conducted. Correlation analysis of subdomain cognitive function was conducted for reliability analysis. Results: ：Trail making test-B that evaluates the execution function correlates with depressive symptoms (r=0.300, p=0.03) and age (r=0.323, p=0.02). Depressive symptoms (β=0.304, p=0.03) and age (β=0.335, p=0.01) were significantly related to Trail making test -B (Adjusted R2 =0.148). Subjective cognitive tests correlates with anxiety symptoms (r=0.434, p=0.002). In the correlation between cognitive functional items, Subjective cognitive tests was found to be correlated with other test except Spotter. Conclusions ：In this study, depressive symptoms contribute independently to executive functions in addition to demographic characteristics such as age and duration of education. Given that cognitive decline is a common long-term clinical outcome in depression, we expect active early intervention and evaluation of cognitive function to be helpful.

PURPOSE: To investigate the anti-tumor effect of capsaicin on human pharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells (FaDu). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The expression of apoptosis/cell cycle-related proteins (or genes) was examined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and ELISA methods, while the apoptotic cell population, cell morphology and DNA fragmentation levels were assessed using flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy and agarose gel electrophoresis. RESULTS: Capsaicin was found to inhibit the growth and proliferation of FaDu cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Apoptotic cell death was confirmed by observing increases in nuclear condensation, nuclear DNA fragmentation and sub-G1 DNA content. The observed increase in cytosolic cytochrome c, activation of caspase 3 and PARP (p85) levels following capsaicin treatment indicated that the apoptotic response was mitochondrial pathway-dependent. Gene/protein expression analysis of Bcl-2, Bad and Bax further revealed decreased anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein and increased pro-apoptotic Bad/Bax expression. Furthermore, capsaicin suppressed the cell cycle progression at the G1/S phase in FaDu cells by decreasing the expression of the regulators of cyclin B1 and D1, as well as cyclin-dependent protein kinases cdk-1, cdk-2 and cdk-4. CONCLUSION: Our current data show that capsaicin induces apoptosis in FaDu cells and this response is associated with mitochondrial pathways, possibly by mediating cell cycle arrest at G1/S.
Apoptosis/drug effects ; Blotting, Western ; Capsaicin/*pharmacology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/*metabolism ; Cell Cycle/drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Pharyngeal Neoplasms/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics/metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein/genetics/metabolism ; bcl-Associated Death Protein/genetics/metabolism

Atherosclerosis is characterized by a chronic inflammatory disease, and chemokines play an important role in both initiation and progression of atherosclerosis development. Leukotactin-1 (Lkn-1/CCL15), a new member of the human CC chemokine family, is a potent chemoattractant for leukocytes. Our previous study has demonstrated that Lkn-1/CCL15 plays a role in the initiation of atherosclerosis, however, little is currently known whether Lkn-1/CCL15 is associated with the progression of atherosclerosis. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in human coronary atherosclerotic lesions play a crucial role in the progression of atherosclerosis by altering the vulnerability of plaque rupture. In the present study, we examined whether Lkn-1/CCL15 modulates MMP-9 release, which is a prevalent form expressed by activated macrophages and foam cells. Human THP-1 monocytic cells and/or human peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC) were treated with phorbol myristate acetate to induce their differentiation into macrophages. Foam cells were prepared by the treatment of THP-1 macrophages with human oxidized LDL. The macrophages and foam cells were treated with Lkn-1/CCL15, and the levels of MMP-9 release were measured by Gelatin Zymography. Lkn-1/CCL15 significantly enhanced the levels of MMP-9 protein secretion from THP-1 monocytic cells-derived macrophages, human PBMC-derived macrophages, as well as macrophage-derived foam cell in a dose dependent manner. Our data suggest that the action of Lkn-1/CCL15 on macrophages and foam cells to release MMP-9 may contribute to plaque destabilization in the progression of atherosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis ; Chemokines ; Foam Cells ; Gelatin ; Humans ; Leukocytes ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; Macrophages ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; Matrix Metalloproteinases ; Monocytes ; Phorbols ; Rupture ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate

PURPOSE: Epirubicin is one of the most effective drugs against osteosarcoma. miR-1301 is involved in the occurrence and development of osteosarcoma. Whether miR-1301 is responsible for the chemosensitivity of osteosarcoma cells to epirubicin remains largely unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS: U2OS and SAOS-2 cells were treated with various concentrations of epirubicin. Flow cytometry was employed to evaluate cell apoptotic rate. Cell proliferation was measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were utilized to detect the expressions of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 assaciated X protein (Bax), cleaved-caspase-3, cleaved-poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP1), TP53-regulated inhibitor of apoptosis 1 (TRIAP1), and microRNA-1301 (miR-1301). The relationship between miR-1301 and TRIAP1 was determined by luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS: Epirubicin inhibited proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, induced apoptosis, decreased the expression of Bcl-2, and increased the expressions of Bax, cleaved-caspase-3, and cleaved-PARP1 in osteosarcoma cells. miR-1301 was downregulated in U2OS and SAOS-2 cells. Importantly, epirubicin significantly increased the levels of miR-1301. Overexpression of miR-1301 suppressed proliferation and promoted apoptosis. Interestingly, those effects were enhanced by epirubicin. In contrast, miR-1301 depletion attenuated the epirubicin-mediated anti-osteosarcoma effect. miR-1301 negatively regulated the expression of TRIAP1 in U2OS and SAOS-2 cells. Furthermore, epirubicin inhibited the mRNA and protein levels of TRIAP1 by upregulating miR-1301 levels. Epirubicin suppressed cell proliferation by downregulating TRIAP1. CONCLUSION: miR-1301 was implicated in the chemosensitivity of osteosarcoma to epirubicin by modulating TRIAP1.
Apoptosis ; B-Lymphocytes ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Count ; Cell Proliferation ; Epirubicin ; Flow Cytometry ; Luciferases ; Osteosarcoma ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger

Cellular effects of ethanol in YD-15 tongue carcinoma cells were assessed by MTT assay, caspase activity assay, Western blotting and flow cytometry. Ethanol inhibited the growth and proliferation of YD-15 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner in an MTT assay. The effects of ethanol on cell cycle control at low percent range of ethanol concentration (0 to 1.5%), the condition not inducing YD-15 cell death, was investigated after exposing cells to alcohol for a certain period of time. Western blotting on the expression of cell cycle inhibitors showed that p21 and p27 was up-regulated as ethanol concentration increases from 0 to 1.5% whilst the cell cycle regulators, cdk1, cdk2, and cdk4 as well as Cyclin A, Cyclin B1 and Cyclin E1, were gradually down-regulated. Flow cytometric analysis of cell cycle distribution revealed that YD-15 cells exposed to 1.5% ethanol for 24 h was mainly arrested at G2/M phase. However, ethanol induced apoptosis in YD-15 cells exposed to 2.5% or higher percent of ethanol. The cleaved PARP, a marker of caspase-3 mediated apoptosis, and the activation of caspase-3 and -7 were detected by caspase activity assay or Western blotting. Our results suggest that ethanol elicits inhibitory effect on the growth and proliferation of YD-15 tongue carcinoma cells by mediating cell cycle arrest at G2/M at low concentration range and ultimately induces apoptosis under the condition of high concentration.
Apoptosis ; Blotting, Western ; Caspase 3 ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; Cell Death ; Cyclin A ; Cyclin B1 ; Cyclins ; Ethanol ; Flow Cytometry ; Negotiating ; Tongue