Objective To investigate the occurrence of hypoglycemia in neonates in Meizhou People's Hospital from 2017 to 2018. Methods The clinical data of 5 306 neonates born in Meizhou People's Hospital from January 2017 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the diagnosis of neonatal hypoglycemia, the subjects were divided into a normal neonatal group (5 088 cases) and a neonatal hypoglycemia group (218 cases). The incidence of hypoglycemia in neonates was investigated and the risk factors were analyzed using Logistic regression analysis. Results The incidence of hypoglycemia in neonates in the hospital was 4.11% (218/5 306). The incidence rate was 87.61% (191/218) at birth, 10.55% (23/218) at 0.5h to 48h after birth, and 1.83% (4/218) at 48h after birth. There were 75.23% (164/218) of patients without clinical symptoms, and 24.77% (54/218) of cases with clinical symptoms. Logistic regression analysis showed that premature infants, small for gestational age, maternal gestational diabetes/diabetes, and hyperbilirubinemia syndrome were independent risk factors for inducing hypoglycemia in neonates (OR: 9.125, 11.693, 23.266, 35.474, P < 0.05). Conclusion The incidence of hypoglycemia in neonates in Meizhou People's Hospital was at a low level from 2017 to 2018. Most cases occurred at birth and the majority of patients had no clinical symptoms. Premature infants, small for gestational age, maternal gestational diabetes/diabetes, and hyperbilirubinemia were the independent risk factor for inducing hypoglycemia in newborns.