Primary study showed hypoglycemic effect of gynostema pentaphyllum (GP) on mice. Objective: (I) To determine the hypoglycemic effect of (GP) and (2) To look for effective mechanism of GP on normal and diabetic mice and rats. Method: The ethanol extract of GP were introdiced to normal and pre diabetic & diabectic mice or rats. The blood glucose levels were measured at just (0h) before and at 2h, 4h and 6h after oral use or 1h, 2h and 3h after intraperitoneal use of GP. Results: On normal mice, 300 mg/kg-ip of GP decreased the blood glucose level with max. 33% at 3rd hour; 1500 mg/kg-po. with 20% at 6th hour; the dose of 500 mg/kg x 7 days consecutive decreased this level with 24%. On normal Wistar rats 500 mg/kg-po, diminished glycemia with max. 20% at 4th hour. But on genetic diabetic rats (GK rats), the doses 500 mg/kg-po, and 1000 mg/kg-po, decreased the blood glucose concentrations by 22% and 36%, respectively at the same time. In the glucose toleance test on mice the dose 1000 mg/kg-po, inhibited the hyperglycemic effect with 55% (after 30 minutes) and 63% (after 60 minutes) in comparison to control group. Conclusion: GP has the mild hypoglycemic effect on normal mouse/rat, but it causes more higher effect on mouse/rat having hyperglycemia. Thus, beside the insulin secreting stimulation, GP may sensitive the target tissues to insulin.
Tuberculosis, Rifampin

57 rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis strains isolated from Ha Noi Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases and Pham Ngoc Thach Tuberculosis Center of Ho Chi Minh City were involved in this study. The regimen included 2-month SHRZ and 4-month HR. All of these strains were resistant to rifampicin. It was found that rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis strains had mutations on rpoB gene. The mutation frequency of tuberculosis trains isolated from Ha Noi and Ho Chi Minh City was highest on 526 locus (55% and 41.6%, respectively) and 531 locus (30% and 33%, respectively).
Tuberculosis ; Mutation ; Rifampin

In this prospective study, 56 re-treatment pulmonary tuberculosis patients with smear-positive were examined to investigate possible variations in plasma rifampicin concentration using fixed dose combination drugs. 2-hour and 3-hour plasma rifampicin concentration were measured by HPLC method among 56 smear-positive re-treatment pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Results: Plasma rifampicin concentrations were generally low: 2-hour and 3-hour plasma rifampicin concentration below 8mg/ml (93% and 86% of patients, respectively), 55% and 46% of patients had plasma concentration below 4mg/ml (at 2-hour and 3-hour time point, respectively). Although treatment at the same dose levels, there is high variable between individual patients in plasma rifampicin concentration. Plasma rifampicin concentrations at 3 hours after dosed were higher than at 2 hours in most of patients.
Rifampin ; Tuberculosis ; Pulmonary

Study on 12 healthy volunteers using 2 types of medication: rifampicin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamid standard separate tablets and in fixed dose combination of rifampicin + isoniazid + pyrazinamid (3- FDC). Results: rifampicin is one of essential anti-tuberculosis drugs that have most advantages of pharmacodynamics on both intra- and extra-cellular bacteria. Cmax (maximum concentration in plasma) and AUC 0-∞ (Area Under the Concentration-Time Curve) of rifampicin in 3- FDC is lower than that in standard separate tablet, Tmax (Time to Maximum Plasma Concentration) of rifampicin in 3- FDC is more slowly than in standard separate tablet. These findings showed that the bioavailability of rifampicin in FDC tablet that was using in treating tuberculosis is much lower than in standard separate tablet.
Biological Availability ; Rifampin ; Tablets

Report one case of a 45 years old male patient lived in Hoc Mon district, Ho Chi Minh City, and admitted in November 24th 2004. His tuberculosis (TB) was first diagnosed in the year 2000 and he was received anti-TB drugs with 2SHR/6HE regime at the anti-TB station. During hospitalization, after 10 days of SHRZE regime (SM 1/2g, Rif 300mg PO, INH 200mg PO, PZA 750mg PO, EMB 600mg PO), he experienced fatigue, dyspnea, jaundice, fever of 39 degree C, blood pressure: 8/5cmHg, SpO2 = 90%. Hematological analysis revealed low hemoglobin and Hct levels, and increase of reticulocyte count and white blood cell count; a positive direct Coombs test. Biochemical tests revealed elevated total, direct and indirect bilirubin levels, increased LDH; decreased haptoglobin; LE cell and ANA were all negative. Patient was diagnosed immune haemolytic anemia and was treated by blood transfusion with the same blood group. He discharged at December 17th 2004 with the last diagnosis was recurrent tuberculosis M(+), rifampicin-induced immune haemolytic anemia
Tuberculosis ; Rifampin ; Therapeutics

No abstract available.
Purpura, Thrombocytopenic* ; Rifampin*

No abstract available.
Nephritis, Interstitial ; Rifampin

No abstract available.
Acantholysis* ; Captopril* ; Penicillamine* ; Rifampin* ; Skin*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Nephrosis, Lipoid* ; Rifampin*

INTRODUCTION: The worldwide prevalence of adverse drug reactions (ADR) to anti-TB medication ranges from 8% to 85%. Major adverse reactions include hepatic, renal, and hematologic disorders of which, Rifampicin-induced thrombocytopenia is one of these rare complications. CASE: A 58-year-old Filipino male developed respiratory and gastrointestinal bleeding with a severe drop in platelet count after several days of anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) medications. The patient had oral mucosal petechiae, blood-streaked sputum, and epistaxis. The symptoms progressed to the formation of small adherent clots beneath the tongue, gum bleeding, melena, massive epistaxis, and hemoptysis with continued intake of the anti-TB drugs. The patient had anemia, normal WBC and differential count, and thrombocytopenia of 3 x 10^3/uL, a drop from 235 x 10^3/uL five days prior. The bleeding resolved with the discontinuation of the drugs. A slow graded oral challenge to each of the drugs was done to identify the culprit medication. There was a recurrence of bleeding and a decrease in the platelet count after administration of rifampicin. The anti-TB medications were modified not to include rifampicin. The patient was discharged with no signs of bleeding and a normal complete blood count. CONCLUSION TB is a prevalent disease in our country, and its medications can cause adverse drug reactions. Rifampicin-induced thrombocytopenia is a rare and life-threatening condition that physicians must be aware of and able to recognize promptly and treat properly to prevent recurrence of similar cases in the future. The patient should be forewarned not to take rifampicin and any fixed-dose combination drugs containing rifampicin.
Rifampin ; Thrombocytopenia ; Blood Platelets ; Tuberculosis