To observe the high glucose concentration on proliferation and fibronectin (FN) synthesis of glomerular mesangial cells (GMC),a culture of human GMC was established and the cell proliferation was assessed using MTT method and cell counting, and the changes in FN was analyzed with RT PCR and ELISA. It was found that high glucose concentration inhibited GMC proliferation and increased FN synthesis in dose and time dependent manner.The results suggest that hyperglycemia may have important role in the development of diabetic nephropathy.

Objective To investigate the characteristics and proper use of anticoagulants in hemodialysis (HD). Methods Thirty-one HD patients were enrolled in the study. Unfractionated heparins (UFH), dalteparin sodium or argatroban were used for HD anticoagulation respectively. Blood specimens were taken from the arterial line at the beginning (0 h) and at the end of HD (4 h), and from the arterial (2a) and the venous (2v) line respectively at 2 h of the HD session. Glass bead activated clotting time (gbACT), clot rate (CR) and platelet function (PF) were examined by Sonoclot analyzer. Prothrombin fragment 1+2 (PF1+2) and granule membrane protein-140 (GMP-140) were assayed by ELISA. Meanwhile, blood was taken from 8 healthy volunteers to examine the above parameters as control. Results (1) Compared with the control group, CR, PF1+2, PF, GMP-140 were increased significantly in all the patients (P<0.05). (2) UFH group:Compared with the 0 h point, gbACT of other time points increased significantly (P<0.05), CR, PF, and PF1+2 decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, gbACT increased (P<0.05) and CR decreased (P<0.05) significantly at the end of the sessions. (3) Daheparin sodium group: Compared with the 0 h point, gbACT of 2a point increased significantly (P<0.05), CR and PF1+2 of 2a, 2v and 4 h points decreased significantly (P<0.05), meanwhile, the extents of increased gbACT and decreased CR from the arterial line were greater than those from the venous line. Compared with the control group, gbACT increased significantly at the end of HD session (P<0.05), but CR was not significantly different. (4) Argatroban group: There were no significant differences of gbACT between 0 h and other time points. CR of 2a, 2v points decreased obviously than that of 0 h point, and CR of 2v decreased more significantly. CR of 2a point was not different from the control group, while CR of 4 h point was greater as compared to control group. During the monitoring, PF1 +2 tended to increase. Conclusions With intensive anticoagulant effect, UFH may induce the risk of hemorrhage not only during but also after the dialysis sessions. Dalteparin sodium, a good anticoagulant, is stir related with the risk of hemorrhage during HD. Argatroban is an ideal anticoagulant for patients with the risk of hemorrhage.

Objective To investigate the effect of different concentrations of rapamycin on the proliferation and apoptosis of glomerular mesangial cells(GMCs)and to investigate the mechanism. Methods GMCs were treated with different concentrations of rapamycin(1 μg/L,2 μg/L,4 μg/L,8 μg/L,16 μg/L).After treatment for 24 h,48 h and 72 h,cell proliferation was assessed bv MTT colorimetric assay and the growth curve was traced.After treatment for 72 h,the cell cycle distribution and the apoptotic rate of GMCs in different concentrations of rapamycin were analyzed bv flow cytometry.The effects of different concentrations of rapamycin on the mRNA and protein expression of p27 and p53 were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot respectivelyResult The low dose of rapamycin(1 μ/L)could signiticanfly inhibit the proliferation of GMCs and showed no effect on apoptosis.The high dose of rapamycin (8-16 μg/L)could significantly increase the apoptotic rate of GMCs.Rapamycin could increase the mRNA and protein expression of p27 and p53. Conclusion Rapamycin can inhibit GMCs proliferation and promote GMCs apoptosis by increasing the expression of p27 and p53.

To establish the HPLC fingerprints of Eucommia ulmoides at different ages of different varieties with pi-noresinol diglucoside as the reference material to provide the basis for the HPLC fingerprints in the enterprise quality standards of Eu-commia ulmoides from the GAP base of Chenzhou Dacheng Chinese Herbal Medicine Co. Ltd. . Methods: A column of ZORBAX E-clipse XDB-C18 (250 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5μm) was used. The mobile phase consisted of methanol-0. 1% phosphoric acid with gradient e-lusion. The detection wavelength was 277 nm, the column temperature was 25℃,the flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1 , and the injection volume was 5 μl. Results:The Eucommia ulmoides HPLC fingerprints including 14 common peaks were established with pinoresinol diglucoside as the reference material. The similarity of the HPLC fingerprints of 10 samples was over 0. 939. Conclusion:The method is accurate and reliable. The HPLC fingerprints can be used as the enterprise quality standards of Eucommia ulmoides for Chenzhou Dacheng Chinese Herbal Medicine Co. Ltd. .

Objective:To study the genetic profile of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia with unknown etiology in Guangdong Province and the clinical significance of jaundice-related genetic screening.Methods:From July to September, 2021, neonates with hyperbilirubinemia of unknown etiology born in different hospitals in Guangdong Province were studied. 24 neonatal jaundice-related exons were sequenced using targeted capture and high-throughput sequencing technology. The pathogenic variants were analyzed.Results:A total of 331 cases, 139 (42.0%) cases showed positive screening results with five diseases, including 65 (19.6%) cases of Gilbert syndrome, 48 (14.5%) cases of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency,18 (5.4%) cases of sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide deficiency, 4 (1.2%) cases of Citrin deficiency and 4 (1.2%) cases of Dubin-Johnson syndrome. 149 (45.0%) cases carried one or more genetic variants and 43 (13.0%) cases showed no clinically significant variants. The 8 high-frequency mutation loci (carrier rate >1%) are UGT1A1 gene c.211G>A and c.1091C>T, G6PD gene c.1466G>T and c.1478G>A, SLC10A1 gene c.800C>T, SLC25A13 gene c.852_855del TATG, HBB gene c.126_129delCTTT and c.316-197C>T.Conclusions:Genetic factors are important for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia with unknown etiology in Guangdong. The common pathogenic genes are UGT1A1, G6PD, SLC10A1, and SLC25A13 and the population carries high-frequency mutation loci. Therefore, genetic screening in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia of unknown etiology has important clinical significance.

BACKGROUNDIn China, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease has increased significantly. Many studies shows that the spectrum of kidney disease had changed in recent years. We retrospectively analyzed the pathological types of renal biopsy and its spectrum change at the General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army from December 1987 to December 2012, in order to offer new supporting evidences for further specifying the distribution of renal pathological types in China.

METHODSAccording to the "Revised Protocol for the Histological Typing of Glomerulopathy" (WHO, 1995), pathological diagnosis of renal biopsy was classified, detection rate of each pathological type was summarized (i.e., percentage of total renal biopsy cases), study period was divided at an interval of 5 years, and age-stratified distribution change of main pathological types was analyzed.

RESULTSThe proportion of pathological types in 11 618 cases of renal biopsy was as follows: primary glomerulonephritis (PGN, 70.7%), secondary glomerulonephritis (SGN, 20.7%), tubular-interstitial nephropathy (4.0%), hereditary/rare nephropathy (0.3%), end-stage renal disease (0.9%), and unclassified renal disease (3.3%). Among PGN, there was IgA nephropathy (IgAN, 37.0%), membranous nephropathy (MN, 11.8%), mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN, 8.9%), minimal change disease (MCD, 6.6%), and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (3.9%). Among SGN there was lupus nephritis (LN, 5.5%), Henoch-Schönlein purpura glomerulonephritis (5.3%), hepatitis B virus-associated nephritis (HBVAN, 3.03%), diabetic nephropathy (2.2%), and hypertension/malignant hypertension-associated renal damage (1.9%). Pathological data were analyzed from 1987-1992 to 2008-2012 (after age adjustment). Detection rate of IgAN tended to rise (P < 0.001). Detection rates of MN and MCD rose significantly (P < 0.001), but detection rate of MsPGN dropped significantly (P < 0.001). Among SGN, detection rate of HBVAN tended to drop (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONIn China, PGN was the most common glomerulopathy (mostly IgAN), LN was the most common SGN, and detection rate of MN and MCD rose significantly.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biopsy ; methods ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Female ; Glomerulonephritis, Membranous ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Kidney ; pathology ; Kidney Diseases ; diagnosis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult