Syringin, chlorogenic acid and 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid are three main bioactive ingredients in herbs of Saussurea involucrata with various pharmacological properties, while their contents are very low. In this study, the biosynthesis of syringin, chlorogenic acid and 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid in the cell suspension cultures of S. involucrata were regulated by feeding carbon sources and precursors, which resulted in a great increase of the contents and yields of the above three bioactive ingredients. After 16 days of fermentation, the yields of syringin, chlorogenic acid and 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid reached 339.0, 225.3, 512.7 mg x L(-1), respectively. Meanwhile, their contents increased up to 67.9, 1.9, 10.6 times of wild medicinal material, respectively. The results provided a solid basis for further studies on application of cell suspension cultures of S. involucrata for large-scale production of bioactive compounds syringin, chlorogenic acid and 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid.
Cell Culture Techniques ; Cells, Cultured ; Chlorogenic Acid ; analysis ; metabolism ; Cinnamates ; analysis ; metabolism ; Glucosides ; analysis ; biosynthesis ; Phenylpropionates ; analysis ; Saussurea ; chemistry ; growth & development ; metabolism

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of auricular point sticking at different points to relieve the pain in arteriovenous fistula puncture. Methods: A total of 42 patients with arteriovenous fistula were randomized into a Shenmen (TF4) group and an Elbow (SF3) group by the random number table method, with 21 cases in each group. After enrolled into different groups, before the dialysis, patients were given auricular point sticking with Wang Bu Liu Xing ( Semen Vaccariae) seeds at Shenmen (TF4) and Elbow (SF3), respectively. Patients were asked to press the seeds themselves for 2 min each time, four times a day, and an additional 5-15 min before the arteriovenous fistula puncture. Intensive pressing was offered during the puncture, 15-20 presses for each time, and the plasters were changed every 2-3 d. The numerical rating scale (NRS) was used to score the pain level one week before and after auricular point sticking. The NRS score was then compared and analyzed. Results: The intra-group comparison showed that the changes of NRS score in both groups were statistically significant after auricular point sticking (both P＜0.05). After the treatment, there was no significant difference in NRS score between the two groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion: Auricular point sticking at Shenmen (TF4) or Elbow (SF3) can effectively relieve the pain of arteriovenous fistula puncture, and these two points have equivalent analgesic effect.

To explore therapeutic effect of irbesartan combined metoprolol on patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) complicated atrial or ventricular arrhythmia .Methods : A total of 168 CHF patients with atrial or ventricular arrhythmia treated in our hospital from 2017 were randomly and equally divided into metoprolol group (re‐ceived metoprolol based on routine treatment ) and combined treatment group (received irbesartan based on metoprolol group) , both groups were treated for three months .LVEF , left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT) , interven‐tricular septal thickness (IVST) before and after treatment , therapeutic effect were observed and compared between two groups.Results : Total effective rate of combined treatment group was significantly higher than that of metoprolol group (90.5% vs.73.8%) , P＝ 0.005. Compared with before treatment , there was significant rise in LVEF [ (55.16 ± 6.52)% vs.(64.24 ± 8.72)%] , and significant reductions in LVPWT [ (14.72 ± 1.78) mm vs.(13.27 ± 1.14) mm] , IVST [ (10.18 ± 1.15) mm vs.(9.12 ± 0.64) mm] in combined treatment group after treatment , P＝0.001 all ;and compared with metoprolol group after three‐month treatment , there was significant rise in LVEF [ (56.13 ± 6.15)%vs.(64. 24 ± 8.72)%] , and significant reductions in LVPWT [ (14. 35 ± 1. 23) mm vs.(13.27 ± 1.14) mm] and IVST [(9. 88 ± 0.85) mm vs.(9. 12 ± 0. 64) mm] in combined treatment group , P＝0. 001 all.There was no signif‐icant difference in incidence rate of adverse between two groups , P＝ 0.799. Conclusion : Irbesartan combined metoprolol possess significant therapeutic effect on patients with CHF complicated atrial or ventricular arrhythmia with good safety .Inhibition on ventricular remodeling may be its main mechanism .

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between BRAF mutation and clinicopathological features in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).

METHODSFresh samples were examined for the presence of BRAF mutations in 43 patients with PTC and 20 patients with non-PTC thyroid disease and 40 normal thyroid tissues by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing. The relationship between BRAF mutation and clinicopathological features was studied.

RESULTSBRAF mutation was detected in 39.5% (17/43) of PTC samples, in 0 of non-PTC thyroid disease samples and normal thyroid tissues. Significant association was seen between BRAF mutation and both extrathyroidal invasion and cervical lymph node metastasis (P<0.05, P<0.05). There was no significant relationship between BRAF mutation and gender, age at the time of diagnosis, tumor size and distant metastasis.

CONCLUSIONBRAF mutation is associated with extrathyroidal invasion and lymph node metastasis. It may increase the ability of invasion and metastasis of PTC and have influence on prognosis.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; diagnosis ; genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Prognosis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf ; genetics ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo analyze the polymorphism of natural killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR)gene and the characteristics of its genotypes and haplotypes in Korean ethnic group of Jilin area, and to compare with that of Han nationality.

METHODSDNA samples randomly collected from 214 Han and 160 Korean populations were genotyped with PCR-SSP method, and KIR genotypes and haplotypes were assigned according to the standard model by Hsu et al.

RESULTSAll individuals contain KIR 3DL3, KIR 2DL4, KIR 3DL2 with the genotype frequency of 100%; the most common genotypes were 2DL1, 2DL3, 3DL1, 3DP1(*)003 and 2DP1; the genotypes with low frequency were 2DL2, 2DS2, 2DS3, 3DP1(*)001/002/004. Thirty-nine different KIR genotype and 16 haplotypes had been found in Korean and Han individuals. The most common KIR genotypes were AJ and AF with frequency of 18.1%, 19.4% and 31.8%, 19.6%, respectively. The most common KIR haplotype was haplotype 2 with frequency of 41.8% (n = 127) and 51.2% (n = 216) (P < 0.05), respectively.

CONCLUSIONKIR gene distribution in Jilin Korean ethnic group showed some common features of KIR gene polymorphisms in Chinese Han population, but also showed this nation's unique characteristics of KIR gene polymorphism.

Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; China ; Ethnic Groups ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multigene Family ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Receptors, KIR ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects and mechanism of mesangial cell (MC) on proliferation and function of osteoblast in vitro from growth factors.

METHODSOsteoblast cultured in vitro were divided into normal blood serum group and MC group and cultured supernatant fluid by 10% serum culture medium and 20% MC culture medium. MTF was used to checked the proliferation of osteoblast at the end of 24, 48, 72, 120 h; Expression of BGP and OPN were tested 72 h and 144 h after culture; Expression of IGF-alpha and TGF-beta were tested 144 h after culture.

RESULTSThe proliferation of osteoblast in MC group was obviously higher than normal blood serum group in different times (P < 0.05); The level of BGP and OPN of osteoblast was obviously higher than normal blood serum group (11.3%, 16.4%, 55.0% and 39.6%); and the level of IGF-alpha and TGF-beta of osteoblast was obviously higher than normal blood serum group (10.1% and 47.7%).

CONCLUSIONMC can directly act on osteoblast, promote the proliferation and function of osteoblast by promoting secretion of TGF-beta.

Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Male ; Mesangial Cells ; physiology ; Osteoblasts ; physiology ; Osteopontin ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; physiology

The column chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative HPLC were used to separate and purify the compounds from the EtOAc extract of medium and MeOH extract of cell cultures of Morus alba. Eight compounds were isolated. Based on physico-chemical properties and spectroscopic data, their structures were identified as isobavachalcone (1), genistein (2), norartocarpetin (3), albanin A (4), guangsangon E (5), mulberrofuran F (6), chalcomoracin (7), kuwanon J (8). Compounds 3-6 were isolated from the cell cultures of M. alba for the first time.
Benzofurans ; isolation & purification ; Cell Culture Techniques ; methods ; Chalcones ; isolation & purification ; Chromatography, Gel ; methods ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Dextrans ; Genistein ; isolation & purification ; Morus ; chemistry ; cytology ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; cytology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; cytology ; Silica Gel ; Terpenes ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo preliminarily explore the effect of combination of volar buttress plate with external fixator for the distal radial fractures of type C3 caused by high-energy injuries.

METHODSFrom January 2001 to June 2007, 13 patients with distal radial fracture of type C3, 9 males and 4 females aged from 26 to 47 (average 37 years), were treated with volar buttress plate combined with external fixator plus the techniques of K-wires and bone grafting as necessary, whose effects were evaluated preliminarily through comparing the volar tilt, radial inclination, radial shortening and wrist function.

RESULTSFollowed up from 7 to 29 months (average 18 months), the volar tilt, radial inclination, radial shortening and wrist function of all patients recovered remarkably. Nine patients achieved excellent and 4 good according to Sarmiento score (modified by Stewart) in the radiological manifestation, while 5 patients displayed excellent, 6 good, and 2 fair according to Gartland-Werley functional assessment system.

CONCLUSION1) Volar buttress plate could support the valor cortex in order to prevent comminuted fragment from displacing and maintain volar tilt and to provide the volar fulcrum for external fixator. 2) External fixator, with the assistance of volar fulcrum, could maintain the volar tilt and the height of distal radius and help unload the fossa. 3) Supplemental K-wires fixation and the bone graft may assist fracture stable.

Adult ; Bone Plates ; External Fixators ; Female ; Fracture Fixation ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radius ; injuries ; surgery ; Radius Fractures ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of nitric oxide (NO) on adhesion, proliferation, and migration of human epidermal stem cells (ESC) in vitro.

METHODSESC were isolated and cultured by the modified method of rapid attachment to type IV collagen. (1) Morphology of cells was observed under inverted phase-contrast microscope. Expression levels of integrin β(1) and cytokeratin 19 (CK19) of cells were determined by Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. (2) After being treated with scratching, ESC adhered to the wall was respectively treated with nitric oxide (NO) donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) in the concentration of 1, 10, 100, 500 µmol/L. ESC without treatment of SNAP was used as control. The migration rate of ESC was detected at post scratching hour (PSH) 12 and 24. The chemotaxis of ESC (treated with SNAP in above-mentioned concentration) was tested by Transwell assay, and the transferred cell number was counted. (3) ESC was respectively treated with SNAP in the concentration of 10, 100, 500 µmol/L for 1 h. ESC without treatment of SNAP was used as control. The adhesion of ESC was detected with adhesion test, and the inhibition rate of adhesion was calculated. The proliferation of ESC (denoted as absorbance value) was determined by microplate reader at post-treatment hour (PTH) 0, 12, 24, 48. Data were processed with one-way analysis of variance and Dunnett t test.

RESULTS(1) Small clone formed on post culture days (PCD) 5 to 9. On PCD 10 to 14, cell proliferation sped up. CK19 and integrin β(1) were detected to be expressed in the isolated cells. The cells were identified as ESC. (2) Compared with that of ESC without treatment of SNAP [(35.7 ± 0.3)%, (45.7 ± 5.0)%], migration of ESC treated with SNAP in the concentration from 1 to 100 µmol/L was promoted at PSH 12 and 24. Migration rates of ESC treated with 100 µmol/L SNAP were the highest [respectively (48.8 ± 2.7)%, (82.1 ± 15.8)%, with t value respectively 8.34, 5.10, P values both below 0.01]. The number of ESC transferred to membrane after being treated with 100 µmol/L SNAP was significantly larger than that of ESC without treatment of SNAP (t = 9.24, P = 0.00). (3) Absorbance values of ESC treated with 100, 500 µmol/L SNAP were obviously higher than that of ESC without treatment of SNAP (with t value respectively 4.30, 4.67, P values both equal to 0.00). Proliferation of ESC treated with 100, 500 µmol/L SNAP was obviously stronger than that of cells without treatment of SNAP at PTH 24, 48 (with t values from 2.84 to 8.17, P values all below 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSExogenous NO in suitable concentration can promote the migration of human ESC. Exogenous NO can inhibit the adhesion and promote the proliferation of human ESC in vitro.

Cell Movement ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Epithelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Humans ; Nitric Oxide ; pharmacology ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the synthetic typing and the treatment strategy for atlantoaxial dislocation.

METHODSThe synthetic typing of atlantoaxial dislocation was worked out on the base of pathogenesis typing, Fielding imaging typing, and clinical typing, named PIR typing system (Pathogenesis, Imaging, and Reduction). Ninety-three patients with atlantoaxial dislocation were treated according to this typing system.

RESULTSNine cases of type-II dens fracture were treated with hollow screw fixation. Bone union was accomplished at the follow-up of three months in all the patients, only with slight limitation of cervical motion. Un-retrieved Fielding I -degree dislocation was found in one case. Among the thirty-four patients treated with trans-oropharyngeal atlantoaxial reduction plate system (TARP), 32 obtained complete atlantoaxial reduction and fusion three months after operation. Atlantoaxial dislocation recurred in the other two cases because of screw loosening and the problem was solved through revision operations. Four patients in non-reducible type underwent anterior and/or posterior decompression. T heir neurological improved after operation but their atlantoaxial joints remained dislocated, and one case complicated with intracranial infection.

CONCLUSIONSVia the synthetic PIR typing system, atlantoaxial dislocation can be better classified according to its pathogenesis, imaging manifestation and mechanic stability. This system can also be served as a guide for clinical treatment. Anterior TARP operation and posterior atlantoaxial trans-pedicle screw-rod fixation are the main methods for the treatment of atlantoaxial dislocation.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Atlanto-Axial Joint ; Bone Plates ; Bone Screws ; Child ; Decompression, Surgical ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Joint Dislocations ; classification ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spinal Fusion