AIM: To investigate the efficacy and safety of low dose mitomycin C (MMC) to prevent haze in trans photorefractive keratectomy (TransPRK) with moderate and high myopia, and to observe the changes of corneal density.METHODS: Sixty-one patients underwent TransPRK with moderate and high myopia.Eyes were divided into research group (0.1g/L MMC for 40s) and control group(0.2g/L MMC for 40s) randomly.There were 21 patients in research group and 40 patients in control group.Cornea epithelial healing time, pain score, visual acuity, manifest refraction, haze and cornea density were analyzed.RESULTS: The epithelial healing time (0.1g/L group: 3.86±1.11d, 0.2g/L group: 4.23±1.27d) and pain score (0.1g/L group: 2.01±0.58, 0.2g/L group: 1.79±0.7) were no significant difference between two groups(P=0.667, P=0.582).It was similar in spherical equivalent at 1mo and 3mo post-operation(0.1g/L group: 0.28±0.25, 0.05±0.23D;0.2g/L group:-0.13±0.17, 0.07±0.22D;P=0.178, P=0.490).The BCVA of control group decreased at 1mo and improved to the same level as pre-operation at 3mo(F=15.847, P<0.001);0.1g/L group showed the same trend, but the changes were no significant difference(F=3.038, P=0.093).There were also no significant difference in Haze between two groups post-operation(z=-0.709, P=0.479;z=-0.478, P=0.633).The change of cornea density was matched with the BCVA (0.1g/L group F=27.399, P=0.001;0.2g/L group F=8.313, P=0.001)and it was similar between two groups.CONCLUSION: The using of low dose MMC to prevent haze in TransPRK with moderate and high myopia is safe and effective.It is therapeutic equivalence to regular dose (0.2g/L).Besides the slit lamp, we can use the corneal density to measure the corneal transparency.

OBJECTIVETo study Xionggui nasal sprays and its evaluation in release in vitro and absorption in vivo.

METHODEstablishing the best prescription of Xionggui nasal sprays through orthogonal design methods, The in vitro release action of Xionggui nasal sprays was studied using dynamic dialyse method. The in vivo rat nasal recirculation methods were used to study the rule of Xionggui nasal sprays absorption.

RESULTThe optimum prescription was: Pemulen TR-1 0.35%, EDTA 0.2%, PEG400 1%, xanthan gum 0.2%; trolamine: right amount(adjust pH). Its release in vitro and absorption in vivo meet to Higuchi distribution.

CONCLUSIONThe preparation method of Xionggui nasal sprays was appropriate. The release of drug and its uptake was well correlated.

Absorption ; Administration, Intranasal ; Aerosols ; Angelica sinensis ; chemistry ; Animals ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Edetic Acid ; Emulsions ; Ethanolamines ; Female ; Ligusticum ; chemistry ; Male ; Nasal Mucosa ; metabolism ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Polysaccharides, Bacterial ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo study the preparation of solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with Xionggui powder-supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extraction and their evaluation in vitro release.

METHODTo prepare solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) loaded with Xionggui powder-supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extraction (XG-CO2-SFE) using a hot dispersion- ultrasonic technique, establishing the best prescription of XG-CO2-SFE-SLN through orthogonal design methods using entrapment efficiency of nanoparticles as index, and investigating their physicochemical characterizations. The invro release action of SLN was studied in different dissolution mediums using dynamic dialyse method.

RESULTThe best prescription was: phospholipid: F-68: stearie acid glyceride = 5: 2 : 1, the entrapment efficiency of nanoparticles was 96.3%, and the results revealed the nanoparticles were sphere like with the mean size of 245.8 nm, the mean Zeta potential was -33.5 mV. The in vitro release meet to Weibull distribution in physiological brine and to single-index model in pH 7.4 phosphate liquid (40% EtOH).

CONCLUSIONThe preparation method of the XG-CO2-SFE-SLN was appropriate, and the XG-CO2-SFE-SLN was released completely.

Angelica sinensis ; chemistry ; Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; Ligusticum ; chemistry ; Nanostructures ; Particle Size ; Phospholipids ; Poloxamer ; Solubility

Iodine accumulation represents a differentiation marker of thyroid cancer (TC) and a cornerstone of benefits from 131I therapy. However, dedifferentiation phenotypes occur in nearly 70% of recurrent or metastatic TCs driven by oncogenic mutations such as B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF), telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoters, and tumor proten p53 (TP53). Beyond genetic alterations, epigenetics, autophagy, tumor microenvironment and other pathways are also involved in the dedifferentiation of TC and the tolerance to 131I therapy. Targeting the above-mentioned pathways has potential to improve the malignant phenotype of TC and restore sensitivity to 131I therapy, which is of great clinical significance. Based on the relevant mechanisms of dedifferentiation, this paper elaborates on the progress of preclinical experiments and clinical studies related to differentiation therapies of TC.