OBJECTIVETo observe the impact of tonifying Qi traditional Chinese medicines contained in Yiqi Qingwen Jiedu mixture on mRNA expression of lung inflammatory cytokines and pulmonary pathological injury of mice infected by influenza virus, in order to discuss the mechanism of tonifying Qi traditional Chinese medicines against pulmonary immune inflammatory injury of infected mice.

METHODIn different time phases after mice were infected with influenza virus FM1, the RT-PCR method was adopted to observe the impact of tonifying Qi traditional Chinese medicines contained in Yiqi Qingwen Jiedu mixture on five inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-γ, and the changes in pulmonary pathological injury of mice with viral pneumonia after intervention with tonifying qi traditional Chinese medicines.

RESULT(1) Tonifying Qi traditional Chinese medicines significantly reduced the mRNA expression of TNF-α at 1-5 d and IL-1 mRNA expression at 7 d, may increase IL-1 mRNA expression in mouse lung at 3 d, significantly reduced IL-6 mRNA expression in mouse lung and increased IL-10 mRNA expression at 3-7 d, and significantly increased IFN-γ mRNA expression at 1 d. (2) Tonifying Qi traditional Chinese medicines could significantly inhibited and repaired pulmonary immune inflammatory injury of mice infected by FM1, which was most remarkable at 3-7 d after the infection with influenza virus FM1.

CONCLUSIONTonifying Qi traditional Chinese medicines contained in Yiqi Qingwen Jiedu mixture could resist pulmonary immune inflammatory injury and repair inflammatory injury by regulating the mRNA expression of imbalance inflammatory cytokines of organisms infected with influenza virus.

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Influenza A virus ; drug effects ; immunology ; Influenza, Human ; drug therapy ; genetics ; immunology ; Interferon-gamma ; genetics ; immunology ; Interleukin-1 ; genetics ; immunology ; Interleukin-10 ; genetics ; immunology ; Interleukin-6 ; genetics ; immunology ; Lung ; immunology ; virology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo find the function and functioning mechanism of Yiqi Qingwen Jiedu Heji in resisting influenza immune damage by studying its effect on the expressions of cytokine.

METHODTaking IV FM1 infected mice as its model and doing ELISA (double antibody sandwichenzyme linked immunosorbent assay), we dynamically observed the change of cytokine TNF-alpha, IL-6, IFN-gamma and IL-10 after giving Yiqi Qingwen Jiedu Heji treatment.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONAfter the mice are infected by influenza virus, their protein expressions of the model group are higher than those of the control group, of which TNF-alpha, IL-6, IFN-gamma reach the peak in three days. The three expressions of Yiqi Qingwen Jiedu Heji treated group are decreased and the decrease becomes remarkable on the third day, compared with those of the model group. However, the expression of IL-10 of the treated group is remarkably increased. It indicates that Yiqi Qingwen Jiedu Heji can resist the expressions of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IFN-gamma pro-inflammatory cytokine,increase the expression of IL-10, and thus, alleviate inflammatory injury. So the clinical application of such medicine can shorten the course of disease.

Animals ; Cytokines ; metabolism ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Interferon-gamma ; metabolism ; Interleukin-10 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Lung ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Orthomyxoviridae ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections ; metabolism ; virology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

Objective To explore the application of event-related potentials (ERP) by positive, negative, and neutral face expression images in the evaluation of mood disorders in brain traumatic patients.Methods ERP was tested by face expression images in 24 patients mainly with anxiety and depression symptoms (depression group) and 19 patients mainly with hostile and suspicion symptoms (hostile group), respectively.The findings were compared with those of the control group.Results There were no significant differences, between the depression group and the hostile group, on latencies and amplitudes of late positive potential (LPP) induced by the three types of face expression images, except the amplitude induced by negative face expression image.Compared with the control group, the latencies were extended and the amplitudes were lower in both depression and hostile groups.Within each group, the difference of latencies induced by the three images was not significant.The amplitudes induced by negative face expression image was higher than those induced by positive and neutral face expression images, with significant differences in the hostile group and the control group (P＜0.05) but not in the depression group.Conclusion Changes in latencies and amplitudes of LPP could be an objective indicator in the evaluation of mood disorders of brain traumatic patients.The LPP induced by negative face expression images could be more meaningful for patients mainly with anxiety and depression symptoms.

Objective This study was to establish a model that adenovirus type 3 (HAdV-3) infected on Hep-2 cell in order to explore anti-adenovirus3 ( HAdV-3 ) effect of Chinese medicine realgar in vitro.Method Use high-energy ball milling with distilled water to prepare realgar nanoparticles.The concentration of nanometer realgar was tested by molybdenum blue staining method and realgar nanoparticles' particle size was tested on Nano Series.The techinique of cell culture with ribavirin as positive control was to observe anti-adenovirus effect through prevention,treatment and direct inactivation of three kinds of drug delivery.Result This drug was found to be a potential inhibitor of HAdV-3 in a concentration-dependent manner with the median toxic concentration ( TC50 ) of 0.649 μg/ml in Hep-2 Cell culture.The median inhibition concentration( IC50 ) was 0.255 μg/ml when drug was added before infection.The IC50 was 0.142 μg/ml when drug was added after virus infection,and it was 0.117 μg/ml as the drug was added after it mixed with virus.The therapeutic index ( TI ) was 2.55,4.57and 5.55 respectively.Conclusion The direct inactivation effect of realgar nanoparticles is the most evident in three drug deliveries manner with the same concentration in vitro.

Objective In order to screen out a certain kind of traditional medicine which has a better role in immune regulatory,the influence of representatives of heat clearing and detoxicating herb on inflammatory cytokines protein expression of mice lung homogenate infected by FM1 have been observed.Method Modeling mice infected by FM1.On the first,third,fifth and seventh day after FM1 infection,tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-alpha),interleukin-1 (IL-1),interleukin-6 (IL-6),interleukin-1 0 (IL-10),and γ-interferon (IFN-γ) expression in mice lung homogenate of normal control group,model control group,scutellari group,isatidis group,pulsatilla group,polygonum cuspidatum group and oldenlandia group have been tested by ELISA method.Result The expression of TNF-α,IL-6,IFN-γ and IL-10 in mice lung homogenate reaches its peak on the third day after FM1 infection,significantly higher than the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Scutellari and isatidis are two representatives of heat clearing and detoxicating herb,which can decrease the expression of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1 and increase the expression of IL-10,IFN-γ.The effect are more pronounced and statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05) on the third and fifth day after infection,pulsatilla,polygonum cuspidatum and oldenlandia can also regulate the inflammatory cytokines,but the effect are not so obvious as scutellari and isatidis.Conclusion Scutellari and isatidis,two representatives of heat clearing and detoxicating herb,have a good intervention on immune damage caused by influenza virus through adjusting the balance of inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines.

Objective: To investigate the current situation of drug supply and determinants of drug shortage in primary health institutions in Anhui province. Methods:Primary health institutions in Anhui province were selected as the main research subjects. One hundred and six (106) primary health institutions from three areas/districts in Anhui province namely northern Anhui,Central Anhui,and Southern Anhui were selected with stratified random sampling as the first sample,and 54 pharmaceutical producing enterprises and 62 pharmaceutical trading enterprises were selected with convenience sampling method as the second sample. The survey was conducted by issuing questionnaires to record views of the respondents to help understand the current situation of drug supply from the first sample and the main de-terminants and solutions of drug shortage from two samples. Results:13% of the primary health institutions still suffer from serious shortage of drug supply; the drug distribution rate varies greatly between units, and 19% of the primary health institutions have a drug distribution rate below 70%,and all primary health institution within the scope of inves-tigation experienced drug shortages. The frequency of choices of determinants of drug shortage were in sequence of or-der:drug demand instability (19.20%), drugs have a new and higher profit alternative (15.94%), etc.; The fre-quency of choices of solutions of drug shortage of primary health institution were in sequence of order:to improve the national list of essential medicines(12.78%),appropriate improvement in efficacy the low-priced varieties(with cura-tive effect) (12.03%),etc. Conclusions:Primary health institutions suffer from drug shortage issue widely,and the reasons for the shortage of drugs are more complicated;the government should continue to implement relevant policies, comprehensively improving the primary health institution drug supply mechanisms in all to prevent drug shortages.

Objective To evaluate the short-and long-term prevalence of persistent uncovered struts and in-stent thrombus after sirolimus-eluting stent(SES)implantation by optical coherence tomography (OCT).Methods OCT was performed for 31 SES in 21 patients at 3 months and for 30 SES in 21 patients at 2 years post SES implantation.Thickness of new intima inside each strut was measured and thickness equal to 0 μm was defined as an uncovered strut.Existence of in-stent thrombus was also evaluated.Results A total of 4545 struts and 3707 struts were evaluated at 3 months and at 2 years post SES implantation,respectively.New intima at 2 years was significantly thicker than that at 3 months[(71±93)μm vs.(29±41)μm,P＜0.01].Percent of uncovered struts at 2 years was significantly lower than that at 3 months(5%vs.15%,P＜0.01).Prevalence of uncovered struts was similar at 2 years and at 3 months(81%vs.95%,P＞0.05).subclinical thrombus was recognized in 14%patients at 3 months and 2 years post SES implantation.Conclusions Neointimal coverage inside the SES is a continuous process and the number of uncovered struts decreased from 3 months to 2 years after SES implantation.Few uncovered struts could still be visualized in the majority of patients at 2 years post SES implantation.

BACKGROUNDThe N400 component of event-related potentials (ERP) has recently drawn widespread attention at home and abroad. This study was to explore the relationship between N400 changes and risperidone treatment and rehabilitation infirst-episode schizophrenia (FES).

METHODSERP component N400 was recorded by Guangzhou Runjie WJ-1 ERP instruments, in 58 FES before and 6 months, 15 months after risperidone treatment, and in 62 normal controls. The patients' syndromes were assessed by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). And the stimuli are Chinese sentences with matching (congruent) or mismatching (incongruent) ending words.

RESULTSN400 latencies were prolonged, and amplitudes were decreased in Cz, Pz, Fz, C3, C4, in FES compared with in NC, before treatment. The prolonged N400 latencies and decreased amplitudes were negatively correlated with the patients' positive scale and total scale of PANSS. There are significant differences of N400 amplitudes and latencies in 6 months and 15 months follow-up after treatment. Before treatment, 6 months and 15 months after treatment, N400 latencies are 446 ± 35 ms, 440 ± 37 ms, 414 ± 31 ms (F = 9.72, P < 0.01) in incongruent situation; N400 amplitudes are 5.2 ± 4.6 μV, 5.7 ± 4.8 μV, 7.3 ± 5.0 μV (F = 2.06, P > 0.05) in congruent situation, and 8.5 ± 5.9 μV, 10.1 ± 5.0 μV, 11.9 ± 7.0 μV (F = 3.697, P < 0.05) in incongruent situation.

CONCLUSIONSN400 could be used to predict the effects of treatment of schizophrenia to some degree. The linguistic and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia can be improved by antipsychotic drugs.

Adult ; Evoked Potentials ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Risperidone ; therapeutic use ; Schizophrenia ; drug therapy ; rehabilitation

Background:Chronic kidney disease (CKD) with moderate-to-severe renal dysfunction usually exhibits an irreversible course,and available treatments for delaying the progression to end-stage renal disease are limited.This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of the traditional Chinese medicine,Niaoduqing particles,for delaying renal dysfunction in patients with stage 3b-4 CKD.Methods:The present study was a prospective,randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled,multicenter clinical trial.From May 2013 to December 2013,300 CKD patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between 20 and 45 ml,min-1· 1.73 m-2,aged 18-70 years were recruited from 22 hospitals in 11 Chinese provinces.Patients were randomized in a 1∶1 ratio to either a test group,which was administered Niaoduqing particles 5 g thrice daily and 10 g before bedtime for 24 weeks,or a control group,which was administered a placebo using the same methods.The primary endpoints were changes in baseline serum creatinine (Scr) and eGFR after completion of treatment.The primary endpoints were analyzed using Student's t-test or Wilcoxon's rank-sum test.The present study reported results based on an intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis.Results:A total of 292 participants underwent the ITT analysis.At 24 weeks,the median (interquartile range) change in Scr was 1.1 (-13.0-24.1) and 11.7 (-2.6-42.9) μmol/L for the test and control groups,respectively (Z =2.642,P =0.008),and the median change in eGFR was-0.2 (-4.3-2.7) and-2.2 (-5.7-0.8) ml·min-1.1.73 m-2,respectively (Z =-2.408,P =0.016).There were no significant differences in adverse events between the groups.Conclusions:Niaoduqing particles safely and effectively delayed CKD progression in patients with stage 3b-4 CKD.This traditional Chinese medicine may be a promising alternative medication for patients with moderate-to-severe renal dysfunction.