Objective To compare the therapeutic efficacy, safety and complication incidence of three minimally invasive surgical procedures for hypertensive hemorrhage in basal ganglia. Methods According to the operation procedure, 78 patients with basal ganglia hemorrhage (GCS 6-12) were divided into endoscopic surgery group, stereotactic burr-hole aspiration group and small bone flap craniotomy group. The time of operation, and the blood loss volume during operation were compared among the 3 groups. CT was reused to calculate the residual volume and clearance rate of hematoma within 2 d after operation. The neurological outcomes, case fatality rate were analyzed after 6 months of the surgery according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). Results The small bone flap craniotomy group had the longest operation time [(175.7±55.7) min, P＜0.05]. The blood loss volume [(296.5±158.6)mL] during operation in small bone flap craniotomy group was relatively more than those in the other 2 groups (P＜0.05). The endoscopic surgery group had the highest hematoma clearance rate (84.5%±8.2%,P＜0.05). The therapeutic outcomes evaluated by GOS in the endoscopic surgery group were more satisfactory than those in the other 2 groups (P＜0.05). Conclusions Endoscopic surgery not only leads to less tissue damage, but also has advantages of higher hematoma clearance rate and effective hemostasis resulting in better neurological functional outcomes, therefore is an ideal choice for cerebral hemorrhage patients who has no need of large bone flap craniotomy.

The multiple correlation coefficient between the values determined by dry weight and those determined by fluorometer was observed with r = 0.96 and the standard error of calibration was 0.034. Using the best calibration data, in order to reconfirm the reliability of the fluorometer results in comparison with those obtained by dry weight on the cell concentration, fedbatch cultures were carried out. The results obtained by fluorometer measurements were in good agreement with those obtained by dry weight. The on-line monitoring of cell concentration by the fermentor system linked to a computer equipped with fluorometer was successfully carried out.
Bioreactors ; Calibration ; Pichia* ; Yeasts*

The clinical manifestations and classification of pulmonary embolism (PE) were described,and the causes and risk factors were analyzed for venous and pulmonary embolism.The significance and methods for early diagnosis of pulmonary embolism were discussed.Some techniques for diagnosing and treating PE were introduced.It's pointed out that PE diagnosis and treatment may be changed greatly with the involvement of multi-slice CT and MRI in elementary hospitals,being standardized imaging examination techniques as well as developing treatment measures.

Cholestatic liver cirrhosis (CLC) eventually proceeds to end-stage liver failure by mediating overwhelming deposition of collagen, which is produced by activated interstitial myofibroblasts. Although the beneficial effects of Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS) on various diseases are well-known, its therapeutic effect and possible underlying mechanism on interstitial fibrosis associated with CLC are not elucidated. This study was designed to assess the protective effects of RVS and its possible underlying mechanisms in rat models of CLC established by bile duct ligation (BDL). We demonstrated that BDL markedly elevated the serological parameters such as aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin, all of which were significantly attenuated by the daily uptake of RVS (2 mg/kg/day) for 28 days (14 days before and after operation) via intragastric route. We observed that BDL drastically induced the deterioration of liver histoarchitecture and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), both of which were significantly attenuated by RVS. In addition, we revealed that RVS inhibited BDL-induced proliferation and activation of interstitial myofibroblasts, a highly suggestive cell type for ECM production, as shown by immunohistochemical and semi-quantitative detection of α-smooth muscle actin and vimentin. Finally, we demonstrated that the anti-fibrotic effect of RVS was associated with the inactivation of Smad3, the key downstream target of a major fibrogenic cytokine, i.e., transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). Simultaneously, we also found that RVS reciprocally increased the expression of Smad7, a negative regulatory protein of the TGF-β/Smad3 pathway. Taken together, these results suggested that RVS has a therapeutic effect on CLC, and these effects are, at least partly, due to the inhibition of liver fibrosis by the downregulation of Smad3 and upregulation of Smad7.
Actins ; Alanine Transaminase ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Bile Ducts ; Bilirubin ; Collagen ; Down-Regulation* ; Extracellular Matrix ; Fibrosis* ; Ligation ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Liver Failure ; Liver* ; Models, Animal ; Myofibroblasts ; Negotiating ; Rhus* ; Transforming Growth Factors ; Up-Regulation* ; Vimentin