Adolescent ; Adult ; Athletes ; Boxing ; Electroencephalography ; Female ; Humans ; Physical Education and Training ; methods ; Young Adult

Objective To analyze the chemokine receptor CXCR4 expression in acute leukemic cells of children and its relationship with extramedullary infiltration.Methods The immunotypes of cases of acute leukemia in children and the expression of CXCR4 in marrow leukemic cells were studied by flow cytometry respectively. The relationship between CXCR4 expression and extramedullary infiltration of leukemic cells were analyzed by statistical method.Results The expression rates of CXCR4 in ALL children were higher than those in NALL children(P

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of natural type ginsenoside Rg2 (Rg2) and its stereoisomers [20 (R)-Rg2 and 20 (S)-Rg2] at different concentrations on oxygen-glucose deprivation/ reperfusion (OGD/R) induced cortical neuronal injury model in vitro, and to explore the mechanism, and compare their differences of action.

METHODSCortical neurons after 7-day culture were randomly divided into 5 groups, i.e., the control group, the model group, the Rg2 group, 20 (R) -Rg2 group, and 20 (S) - Rg2 group. Cortical neurons in the Rg2 group, 20 (R)-Rg2 group, and 20(S)-Rg2 group were pretreated with 20, 40, and 80 μmol/L Rg2, 20 (R) -Rg2, and 20 (S) -Rg2 for 24 h to prepare OGD/R model. The cell survival rate, the activity of Caspase-3, the intracellular Ca2+ concentration, contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected 24 h later.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, cell survival rates and activities of SOD obviously decreased, the activity of Caspase-3, Ca2+ fluorescent optical gray value, and contents of MDA significantly increased with statistical difference (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, cell survival rates and activities of SOD obviously increased, the activity of Caspase-3, Ca2+ fluorescent optical gray value, and contents of MDA significantly decreased in 20 μmol/L Rg2 group, 40 μmol/L 20 (R) -Rg2 group, and 80 μmol/L 20 (S) -Rg2 group (P < 0.05). Compared with 20(S)-Rg2 group, cell survival rates increased and contents of MDA significantly decreased in 20, 40, and 80 μmol/L Rg2 and 20 (R)-Rg2 groups (P < 0.05). The activity of Caspase-3 decreased and contents of SOD increased in 80 μmol/L 20 (R)-Rg2 group, and 40, 80 μmol/L Rg2 groups (P < 0.05). Ca2+ fluorescent optical gray value decreased in 40, 80 μmol/L Rg2 and 20 (R)-Rg2 groups (P < 0.05). Compared with 20 (R)-Rg2 group, Ca2+ fluorescent optical gray value decreased in 80 μmol/L Rg2 group (P < 0.05); contents of SOD increased in 40 and 80 μmol/L Rg2 groups (P < 0.05); contents of MDA decreased in 20, 40, and 80 μmol/L Rg2 groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSRg2 and its stereoisomers could improve cell vitality of cortical neurons against OGD/R induced injury. This might be related to improving anti-apoptotic capacities and antioxidant abilities, and reducing Ca2+ inflow. Besides, the neuroprotective effect of 20 (R) -Rg2 was better than that of 20 (S) -Rg2, but inferior to that of Rg2.

Antioxidants ; metabolism ; Apoptosis ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Ginsenosides ; pharmacology ; Glucose ; Humans ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Neurons ; drug effects ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; Oxygen ; Random Allocation ; Reperfusion Injury ; Stereoisomerism ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study training effect of upper limbs and lumbar muscles in the proceed of air striking of straight punch by analyzing boxing athletes' changes of electromyogram (EMG).

METHODSWe measured EMG of ten women boxing athletes' upper arm biceps (contractor muscle), upper arm triceps (antagonistic muscle), forearm flexor muscle (contractor muscle), forearm extensor muscle (antagonistic muscle), and lumbar muscles by ME6000 (Mega Electronics Ltd.). The stipulated exercise was to do air striking of straight punch with loads of 2.5 kg of dumbbell in the hand until exhausted.

RESULTSIn the proceed of exercise-induce exhausted, the descend magnitude and speed of median frequency (MF) in upper limb antagonistic muscle exceeded to contracting muscle, moreover, the work percentage showed that contractor have done a larger percentage of work than antagonistic muscle. Compared with world champion's EMG, the majority of ordinary athletes' lumbar muscles MF revealed non-drop tendency, and the work percentage showed that lumbar muscles had a very little percentage of work.

CONCLUSIONAfter comparing the EMG test index in upper limb and lumbar muscle of average boxing athletes with that of the world champion, we find the testees lack of the training of upper limb antagonistic muscle and lumbar muscle, and more trainings aimed at these muscles need to be taken.

Boxing ; physiology ; Electromyography ; Female ; Humans ; Lumbosacral Region ; physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal ; physiology ; Physical Endurance ; physiology ; Resistance Training ; methods ; Upper Extremity ; physiology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the differences in the facial emotion recognition and discrimination ability between children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHODS: Fifty-three children aged 7 to 11 years participated in this study. Among them, 43 were diagnosed with ADHD and 10 with ASD. The parents of the participants completed the Korean version of the Child Behavior Checklist, ADHD Rating Scale and Conner's scale. The participants completed the Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-fourth edition and Advanced Test of Attention (ATA), Penn Emotion Recognition Task and Penn Emotion Discrimination Task. The group differences in the facial emotion recognition and discrimination ability were analyzed by using analysis of covariance for the purpose of controlling the visual omission error index of ATA. RESULTS: The children with ADHD showed better recognition of happy and sad faces and less false positive neutral responses than those with ASD. Also, the children with ADHD recognized emotions better than those with ASD on female faces and in extreme facial expressions, but not on male faces or in mild facial expressions. We found no differences in the facial emotion discrimination between the children with ADHD and ASD. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that children with ADHD recognize facial emotions better than children with ASD, but they still have deficits. Interventions which consider their different emotion recognition and discrimination abilities are needed.
Autism Spectrum Disorder ; Autistic Disorder* ; Checklist ; Child Behavior ; Child* ; Discrimination (Psychology)* ; Facial Expression ; Female ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Male ; Parents

Objectives: Comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics (CBIT) is effective in children with chronic tic disorders. This study aimed to assess the effect of group-based CBIT (group-CBIT) on tic severity and comorbid symptoms. We compared the efficacy of group CBIT with that of a control. Methods: Thirty children with chronic tic disorder or Tourette’s disorder were enrolled in this study. Eighteen were assigned to the group-CBIT for eight sessions, and 12 were assigned to the control group. Tics and comorbid symptoms were assessed pre- and postintervention using the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS), Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Rating Scale-IV, Children’s Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, and the Korean-Children Behavioral Checklist. We compared the pre- and post-intervention results of each group and determined the difference in the pre- and post-intervention results between intervention and the control group. Results: The YGTSS motor and vocal tic interference, global impairment, and global severity scores decreased in the intervention group only. Group CBIT was superior in reducing the motor tic interference, impairment score, and global severity score to the control group. Conclusion The group-CBIT showed an improvement in tic symptoms, especially in reducing the level of interference and impairment of tics.

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the effect of social skills training (SST) on facial emotion recognition and discrimination in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHODS: Twenty-three children aged 7 to 10 years participated in our SST. They included 15 children diagnosed with ADHD and 8 with ASD. The participants' parents completed the Korean version of the Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL), the ADHD Rating Scale, and Conner's Scale at baseline and post-treatment. The participants completed the Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV (K-WISC-IV) and the Advanced Test of Attention at baseline and the Penn Emotion Recognition and Discrimination Task at baseline and post-treatment. RESULTS: No significant changes in facial emotion recognition and discrimination occurred in either group before and after SST. However, when controlling for the processing speed of K-WISC and the social subscale of K-CBCL, the ADHD group showed more improvement in total (p=0.049), female (p=0.039), sad (p=0.002), mild (p=0.015), female extreme (p=0.005), male mild (p=0.038), and Caucasian (p=0.004) facial expressions than did the ASD group. CONCLUSION: SST improved facial expression recognition for children with ADHD more effectively than it did for children with ASD, in whom additional training to help emotion recognition and discrimination is needed.
Autism Spectrum Disorder* ; Autistic Disorder* ; Checklist ; Child Behavior ; Child* ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Facial Expression ; Facial Recognition ; Female ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Male ; Parents ; Social Skills*

Atrial Fibrillation ; surgery ; Catheter Ablation ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Pleural Effusion ; pathology ; Postoperative Complications ; Pulmonary Veins ; surgery

The tumor suppressor gene p53 and p16, both of which play an important role in inhibition of tumorigenesis, are homozygously deleted in human myeloid leukemia cell line K562. To explore the inhibition of K562 cell proliferation by wild type p16 and p53 genes, both p16 and p53 genes were co-transfected into K562 cells mediated by liposome. The expression of the two genes was measured by immunocytochemical method, the cell cycle was analysed by flow cytometry, and the number of recovered viable cells was assessed after transfection. After co-transfection, the p53 and p16 positive cells were 23% and 28%, respectively. The results showed that co-transfection of p16 and p53 genes significantly inhibits cell proliferation comparing with transfection either by p16 gene or by p53 gene (P < 0.05). Expression of p16 and p53 proteins increased the cell number in G(1) phase but decreased the cell number in S phase. It is concluded that co-transfection of p16 and p53 genes has a stronger growth-inhibitory effect on K562 cell growth than that of transfection only by p16 gene or by p53 gene, may be a pathway for gene therapy in leukemia.
Cell Division ; Genes, p16 ; physiology ; Genes, p53 ; physiology ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Plasmids ; Transfection

This study was purposed to investigate the expression and role of eukaryotic expression vector containing p16, dll4 genes in leukemia K562 cells. A vector pBudCE4.1-16-dll4 containing wild type p16cDNA and dll4cDNA was designed and constructed, then this vector was transfected into leukemia K562 cells by using lipofectamine 2000. The expression of p16 and dll4 genes was detected by Western blot, the cell growth curve and cell cycle were determined by CCK-8 kit and flow cytometry respectively. The results showed that the recombinant plasmid pBudCE4.1-16-dll4 was constructed and transfected into K562 cells in vitro successfully. The expression of exogenous P16 and Dll4 proteins could be detected in K562 cells. After transfection for 48 hours, the K562 cells were arrested in G(1) phase, the cell count increased in G(0)/G(1) phase and reduced in S phase, the cell proliferation decreased as compared with control. It is concluded that the p16 and dll4 genes can simultaneously express in K562 cells transfected with recombinant plasmid pBudCE4.1-16-dll4 in vitro which results in G(0)/G(1) arrest and reduces cell proliferation.
Apoptosis ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Proliferation ; Genes, p16 ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; genetics ; K562 Cells ; Leukemia ; genetics ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; Plasmids ; Transfection