Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TO) is a rare benign disease of trachea characterized by numerous osseocartilaginous nodules protruding into the tracheobronchial lumen. The etiology of TO is unknown; however, an association with upper respiratory diseases such as atrophic rhinitis has been suggested. The authors report a case of TO with atrophic rhinitis with related literatures.
Osteochondrodysplasias ; Rhinitis, Atrophic ; Trachea ; Tracheal Diseases

The literature does not report a cure for atrophic rhinitis, but considerable relief of symptoms such as foul odor, crust formation and nasal stuffiness could be given to the patient by surgical treatment, which always involves a method of narrowing the nasal airway. In this report, a review of the surgical technique of silastic implantation, clinical results and follow up is presented. Forty three years old female patient who was diagnosed as primary atrophic rhinitis was treated surgically with silastic implantation. The result was excellent with complete resolution of the major symptoms. There was no complication such as extrusion of implant. We found that the silastic is a readily available and inexpensive material and the surgical procedureis relatively simple to perform and easily revised. We propose silastic implant as a treatment modality of atrophic rhinitis with a review of literatures.
Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Odors ; Rhinitis, Atrophic*

In this paper, we report a case of bilateral inferior and middle turbinate agenesis, a rare anomaly. A 27-year-old woman presented with nasal obstruction, crust formation, anosmia, and foul odors. Anterior rhinoscopic examination revealed the absence of the middle and inferior turbinates on both sides. The patient had no history of nasal or sinus surgery. She denied over having expelled anything of significance from her nasal cavity. She had no history of infectious disease-including tuberculosis and syphilis, granuolomatous diseases, sarcoids, Wegener's disease, and radiation therapy. There have been few reports on bilateral turbinate agenesis.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Nasal Cavity ; Nasal Obstruction ; Odors ; Olfaction Disorders ; Rhinitis ; Rhinitis, Atrophic* ; Syphilis ; Tuberculosis ; Turbinates*

In this paper, we report a case of bilateral inferior and middle turbinate agenesis, a rare anomaly. A 27-year-old woman presented with nasal obstruction, crust formation, anosmia, and foul odors. Anterior rhinoscopic examination revealed the absence of the middle and inferior turbinates on both sides. The patient had no history of nasal or sinus surgery. She denied over having expelled anything of significance from her nasal cavity. She had no history of infectious disease-including tuberculosis and syphilis, granuolomatous diseases, sarcoids, Wegener's disease, and radiation therapy. There have been few reports on bilateral turbinate agenesis.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Nasal Cavity ; Nasal Obstruction ; Odors ; Olfaction Disorders ; Rhinitis ; Rhinitis, Atrophic* ; Syphilis ; Tuberculosis ; Turbinates*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The goblet cells secrete mucus in response to a wide variety of stimuli, playing an important role on increased nasal secretion. One of the main symptoms and signs in atrophic rhinitis and rhinitis sicca is a crust formation that fill up the nasal cavity, obstructing the nasal cavity. It has been suggested to be caused by mucosal atrophy and decreased nasal secretion. Nevertheless, distribution of goblet cells in both rhinitis has not been evaluated in the whole surface of inferior turbinate. The present study was to investigate the distribution density of goblet cells in the inferior turbinate of both rhinitis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Impression cytology, using nitroscellulose membrane, was performed in inferior turbinates of normal control, rhinitis sicca and atrophic rhinitis patients. The membrane was fixed in the fixative and then stained with Alcian Blue. RESULTS: The membrane stained with Alcian Blue defined the whole distribution of goblet cells which was present in the medial surface of the inferior turbinate. In normal nasal turbinates, goblet cells were evenly distributed, and did not differ in their distribution density. In rhinitis sicca, goblet cells were irregularly distributed, showing a moth-eaten appearance in the anterior and mid-portion, whereas they gained the same distribution as the normal turbinate for the posterior portion. Atrophic rhinitis had a few number of goblet cells even in the mid-and posterior portion of the inferior turbinate. CONCLUSION: Impression cytology proves to be a reliable and efficient method for the evaluation of goblet cells distributed in the inferior turbinates. The present study demonstrated that goblet cells decreased in their number in inferior turbinates of both rhinitis, suggesting their major role in decreased nasal secretion.
Alcian Blue ; Atrophy ; Goblet Cells* ; Humans ; Membranes ; Mucus ; Nasal Cavity ; Rhinitis* ; Rhinitis, Atrophic* ; Turbinates

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Many people experience problems with a dry nasal mucous membrane, often without wondering why. The cause of problem is known as rhinitis sicca, senile rhinitis, and atrophic rhinitis, etc. A common form of treatment for patients who have such symptoms has been to begin by rinsing the inside of the nose with saline solution, to drop peanut oil, to apply antibiotic-ointment and moisturizing agents. Lanolin has been know as a safe skin moisturizing agent and used to treat dry nose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of lanolin on a group of patients seeking treatment for dryness of the nose. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ninety-three patients experiencing problems with dry nasal mucosa were selected from the out-patient clinic. Fifty-seven patients, average age 36.3 years old, were treated with 1:2 mixture of lanolin and vaseline ointment. Thirty-six patients, average age 32.0 years, were treated with vaseline ointment. Both ointments were applied three times a day for two weeks. The efficacy of treatment was determined with pre and post-treatment six symptoms on a visual analogue scale: nasal obstruction, crust formation, mucosal dryness, respiratory discomfort, sleep disturbance, and general discomfort. RESULTS: For subjects treated with lanolin, the average VAS value for nasal obstruction was 5.84+/-2.28 and it decreased to 2.89+/-1.29, while the corresponding values for subjects treated with vaseline were 4.39+/-1.77 decreasing to 3.11+/- 1.24 (p<0.05). Crust formation of lanolin treated subjects were 5.67+/-2.39 and it decreased to 2.09+/-1.46, while the vaseline treated subjects were 4.83+/-1.99 decreasing to 2.33+/-1.31 (p<0.05). Average total symptom improvement was 65.7% (from 27.95+/-9.30 to 9.86+/-4.58) in lanolin treated group, while it was 44.8% (from 20.9+/-76.59 to 11.64+/-4.18) in vaseline treated group. CONCLUSION: We found that the efficacy of lanolin was statistically signigicantly better than that of vaseline. During the study period, there was no local reactions have been reported, nor have any allergic reactions. The present study underlines the fact that the way to treat nasal mucosal dryness is to use lanolin ointment.
Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Lanolin* ; Mucous Membrane ; Nasal Mucosa ; Nasal Obstruction ; Nose* ; Ointments ; Outpatients ; Petrolatum ; Rhinitis ; Rhinitis, Atrophic ; Skin ; Sodium Chloride

Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type, is a rare non-Hodgkin lymphoma originating in the nasal cavity or in the paranasal sinuses. Atrophic rhinitis is a debilitating chronic nasal mucosal disease of unknown etiology. However, there have not been any reports on the occurrence of nasal NK/T cell lymphoma in patients with atrophic rhinitis. We experienced a case of the extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma in the left nasal cavity, which had been misdiagnosed as atrophic rhinitis in a 39-year-old female. Thus, we report this rare case with a review of the literature.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma* ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Nasal Cavity ; Paranasal Sinuses ; Rhinitis, Atrophic*

Thermal conditions are an important environmental factor in maintaining healthy pigs because they affect feed intake, growth efficiency, reproduction and immune responses in pigs. RAVI, a regenerative far-infrared heating system, can effect pig production by emitting an optimal far-infrared wavelength. Far-infrared radiation has been reported to increase microvascular dilation and vascular flow volume. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunobiological differences between pigs raised with the RAVI system and the gasoline heater system. Twenty-six-week-old weaned pigs were raised in two rooms that were equipped with a RAVI system or a gasoline heater for 8 weeks. A porcine atrophic rhinitis vaccine was administered after two weeks and transcriptome analysis in whole blood were analyzed at 2-week intervals. Signaling pathway analyses of the RAVI group at 8 weeks showed the activation of pathways related to nitric oxide (NO) production. This suggests that the application of RAVI might induce the production of NO and iNOS, which are important for increasing the immune activity. Similar to the result of microarray, phenotypic changes were also observed at a later period of the experiment. The increase in body weight in the RAVI group was significantly higher than the gasoline heater group at 8 weeks. The antibody titer against the vaccine in the RAVI group was also higher than that the gasoline heater group at 4 weeks and 8 weeks. This evaluation of the use of a far-infrared heating system with pigs will be helpful for applications in the pig farm industry and pig welfare.
Agriculture ; Body Weight ; Gasoline ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Heating ; Hot Temperature ; Nitric Oxide ; Reproduction ; Rhinitis, Atrophic ; Swine

OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress of the feasibility of a new treatment method for atrophic rhinitis (ATR) based on tissue engineering technology (seed cells, scaffold materials, and growth factors), and provide new ideas for the treatment of ATR. METHODS: The literature related to ATR was extensively reviewed. Focusing on the three aspects of seed cells, scaffold materials, and growth factors, the recent research progress of ATR treatment was reviewed, and the future directions of tissue engineering technology to treat ATR were proposed. RESULTS: The pathogenesis and etiology of ATR are still unclear, and the effectiveness of the current treatments are still unsatisfactory. The construction of a cell-scaffold complex with sustained and controlled release of exogenous cytokines is expected to reverse the pathological changes of ATR, promoting the regeneration of normal nasal mucosa and reconstructing the atrophic turbinate. In recent years, the research progress of exosomes, three-dimensional printing, and organoids will promote the development of tissue engineering technology for ATR. CONCLUSION Tissue engineering technology can provide a new treatment method for ATR.
Humans ; Tissue Engineering/methods* ; Tissue Scaffolds ; Rhinitis, Atrophic ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Cytokines

Although inverted papilloma (IP) of the nose and paranasal sinus is a benign neoplasm, it is associated with frequent recurrence and malignant transformation. Various surgical techniques have been employed for resection of this tumor. Transnasal endoscopic medial maxillectomy (TEMM) is an effective surgical management of IP originating from the maxillary sinus. It usually removes the inferior turbinate, lateral wall of the nasal cavity, and nasolacrimal duct, and may cause adverse effects such as atrophic rhinitis, empty nose syndrome, impairment of nasal physiological function, and epiphora. Recently, however, a modified TEMM, which preserves the inferior turbinate, lateral wall of the nasal cavity, and nasolacrimal duct has been introduced. We present two cases of IP successfully treated by the modified TEMM.
Endoscopy ; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases ; Maxillary Sinus* ; Nasal Cavity ; Nasolacrimal Duct ; Nose ; Papilloma, Inverted* ; Recurrence ; Rhinitis, Atrophic ; Turbinates