OBJECTIVE: To explore the inhaled allergen distribution of children with allergic rhinitis in Guangzhou area and to analyze the relevant factors. METHOD: Six hundred and twenty-six cases children in Guangzhou region diagnosed with allergic rhinitis from January 2009 to December 2011 in our outpatient department were tested with skin prick test (SPT). Ten of standardized common inhaled allergens were analysed. The variety of allergens positive rate was calculated. And the gender, age, living environment,history of asthma, eczema, history and family history of clinical data were analyzed. RESULT: The positive rate of SPT was 84.82% (531/626). The dust mites(76.36%) and the house dust mite(72.84%) have the highest positive rate, then the positive rate of the dog hair (11.98%), cat hair (7.03%) and Blattella germanica (4.31%) was degressively. The positive rate was significantly correlated with family history, history of eczema and asthma. The positive rate was correlated with the gender, independent of the living environment. The intensity of the test has no significant correlation with gender, and was significantly correlated with other factors. The positive rate of SPT has significant difference in ages and the highest positive rate of SPT was in the 10-14 age group, the SPT rate was 93.8%. Three groups have significant differences in the positive rate of mite, dog hair and cat hair. CONCLUSION The main inhaled allergen in children with allergic rhinitis in Guangzhou area tested by SPT was mite, dog hair and cat hair, respectively. The different ages, living environment, family history, history of eczema and allergic rhinitis children with asthma were related with the pathogenesis and development of AR in childhood. Our results have the contribution to early diagnosis and intervention of children with allergic rhinitis in Guangzhou area.
Adolescent ; Allergens ; analysis ; immunology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; epidemiology ; Skin Tests

OBJECTIVE: To investigate aeroallergen spectrum and allergy positive rates of patients with child allergic rhinitis and analyze its related factors. METHOD: Skin prick test was carried out in 562 cases with child allergic rhinitis using 13 inhaled allergens, and detailed history was collected in all cases. RESULT: Four hundred and fifty-seven (81.3%) of 562 cases showed positive reaction to at least one allergen out of 13 allergens. The most common allergens found in patients was Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, and positive reaction was 93.1% in child allergic rhinitis, followed by tropical mite, Periplaneta americana, Blattella germanica and dog hair. The pollen allergen, most common in American and European, was pretty rare in this study. The prevalence of child allergic rhinitis was significantly higher in urban than in rural (P<0.01). There was no adverse effect appeared in children with allergic rhinitis underwent skin prick test. CONCLUSION The major allergen of allergic rhinitis is mite for child allergic rhinitis, and relates to housing enviroment. Most of patients with child allergic rhinitis can be treated by the mite specific immunotherapy. The skin prick test is a safe technique for diagnosis of children with allergic rhinitis.
Allergens ; immunology ; Animals ; Asthma ; epidemiology ; immunology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate ; immunology ; Male ; Mites ; immunology ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; epidemiology ; immunology ; Skin Tests

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the profiles of inhaled allergens in allergic rhinitis patients in district of Jingmen, and to provide basic epidemiologic information for the prevention and treatment of allergic rhinitis in this area. METHOD: Retrospectively analyze 10 allergens skin prick test results of 1800 allergic rhinitis patients recruited. RESULT: The most common inhaled allergens in allergic rhinitis patients in our area were house dust mite (76.83%), dermatophagoides farinae (75.50%), mugwort (10.50%), ragweed (7. 39%), fungus II (6.28%), fungus I (5.83%), spring-pollen I (4.44%), spring pollen II (3.72%), poly-animal hair (3.56%), poly-feather (1.89%). Moreover, the positivity frequencies of house dust mite and dermatophagoides farinae were decreased with age increasing. CONCLUSION House dust mite and dermatophagoides farinae were the most common allergens in allergic rhinitis patients in Jingmen area.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Allergens ; analysis ; immunology ; Animals ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pollen ; immunology ; Pyroglyphidae ; immunology ; Retrospective Studies ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; epidemiology ; immunology ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal ; epidemiology ; immunology ; Skin Tests ; Young Adult

Arthropod antigens are main causative agents which induce allergic responses in humans. However, little information is known about the prevalence of specific arthropod allergens in Koreans with allergic diseases. The current study was designed to determine the positive rates of arthropod antibodies by the Korean inhalant panel of MAST-CLA. One hundred sixty patients, who were diagnosed with allergic rhinitis from an out-patient center at the Soonchunhyang University Chunan Hospital, were studied between August 1998 to July 2000. The overall positive rate, at least more than one specific antibody of arthropods such as Dermatophagoides farinae (Df), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp), and cockroach mix (Cm), was 46.9%. Each positive rate of Df, Dp, and Cm was 45.0%, 43.1%, and 8.8%, respectively. A significant agreement among arthropod allergens was observed (Df and Dp: 95.6%, Kappa = 0.911, P < 0.001). Our data supported the fact that arthropods were the most common allergens in Korean patients with allergic rhinitis; however, the MAST-CLA should be modified to increase specificity of arthropod allergens.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Allergens/*immunology ; Animals ; Antibodies/*analysis ; Arthropods/*immunology ; Child ; Female ; Human ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male ; Prevalence ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/epidemiology/*immunology ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

BACKGROUNDCockroaches are an important indoor allergen source causing allergic rhinitis and asthma. The aim of this study was to investigate the cockroach prevalence in mainland of China and the cross-reactivity of IgE between cockroach and house dust mite allergen in Chinese patients.

METHODSThe cockroach sensitization pattern was based on a skin prick test (SPT) obtained from a national multicenter prevalence study, in which 6304 patients from 25 allergy centers across China participated. Factors, including different regions of China, age, gender and the correlations between the American and German cockroaches and house dust mite Der p were investigated. Eighteen out of 1236 clinical sera from south China were selected to perform the cross-inhibition assay between house dust mites and cockroaches.

RESULTSTotally 25.7% of patients were SPT positive to the American cockroach (Periplaneta Americana, Per a) and 18.7% SPT positive to the German cockroach (Blattella germanica, Bla g). The prevalence of positive cockroach SPT was higher in southern than in northern China, higher in adults than in children, and higher in males than in females. Patients had relatively low levels of cockroach SPT reactions, mainly class 1 or 2. Of the SPT positive cockroach patients, 88% were also SPT positive to house dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Der p). An IgE cross-inhibition study confirmed that Der p sensitization could cause false positive SPT reactions against cockroach.

CONCLUSIONSA relatively high prevalence of cockroach sensitivity was found in mainland of China. However, a cross-inhibition study showed that only a small number of patients appear to have Bla g and/or Per a as primary sensitizing source. The importance of cockroaches as a risk factor for sensitization and triggers of allergic symptoms in mainland of China needs to be further investigated.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Allergens ; immunology ; Animals ; Antigens, Dermatophagoides ; immunology ; Asthma ; etiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Cockroaches ; immunology ; Cross Reactions ; Female ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; epidemiology ; Immunoglobulin E ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; etiology ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal ; etiology

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics of allergic rhinitis sensitized with mite, providing the evidence for the treatment plan of allergic rhinitis in Tianjin area. METHOD: The medical records of skin prick test results on 2390 allergic rhinitis patients from March 2009 to February 2012 were retrospectively studied. The data of mite sensitivity in gender, age, season, and regional differences were analyzed. RESULT: There was no significant difference of the positive rate of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae between male and female (P > 0. 05); The positive rate of dust mite decreased gradually with the growth of the age in the three groups of < 18,18-39,40-60 years old, but the positive rate of the patients over the age of 60 years old increased then. There were significant differences of positive rate to dust mite in different season (P < 0.05). The positive rate of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus was the highest in the autumn (55.4%), and the lowest in winter (39.7%). The positive rate of Dermatophagoides farinae was the highest in winter (73.8%), and the lowest in spring (47.2%). There was no significant difference of the positive rate to dust mite between urban and suburb (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION There were some relationship of the positive rate of dust mite with age and season, but not gender and region among allergic rhinitis in tianjin.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Allergens ; analysis ; immunology ; Animals ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pyroglyphidae ; immunology ; Retrospective Studies ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; epidemiology ; immunology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To investigate which aeroallergens were prevalent in patients with allergic rhinitis in Yunnan. METHOD: Retrospective analysis of the medical records of intradermal test performed in 1893 AR patients. The samples were divided into four age groups: 4-17-year-olds, > 17-35-year-olds, > 35-50-year-olds and > 50-70-year-olds. According to gender,the samples were decided into two groups: the males and the females. The positive rate of aeroallergens were compared among the groups. RESULT: (1)The total positive rate of intradermal test was 70.1%. The top ten allergens were as follow: dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, dermatophagoides farina, house dust, pollen of the summer and autumn, alnus nepalensis, chenopodiaceae, mugwort, poaceae, brassica and cockroach. (2) In all groups,patients with triple positive allergens were the most common,followed by dual positive allergens and single positive allergen. (3) Among the top ten allergens, the top three positive ones in all groups were dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, dermatophagoides farina and house dust. And there were significant differences between 4-17-year-olds group and the other age groups (P < 0.01). (4) There was no significant difference between male and female patients in distribution of aeroallergens except House dust and mite. CONCLUSION The most common allergen in patients with allergic rhinitis in Yunnan is mite,the follow are pollen of the summer and autumn, alnus nepalensis, chenopodiaceae, mugwort, poaceae, and brassica. The distribution of aeroallergens are different among the age groups, but has no evident correlation with gender.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Allergens ; analysis ; immunology ; Animals ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pyroglyphidae ; immunology ; Retrospective Studies ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; epidemiology ; immunology ; Skin Tests ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the distribution and descriptions of the common antigens of allergic rhinitis occurred in the population of Kunshan district so as to provide evidence for clinical diagnosis,treatment and prevention. METHOD: Eight hundred and twenty allergic rhinitis patients were examined skin prick test (SPT) with 18 kinds of antigen extract of allergic rhinitis. RESULT: Six hundred and ninety-four (84.6%) cases were detected at least one antigen, 581 (83.7%) cases were detected two or more antigens. The most common antigens among all the positive cases of skin prick tests were dust mite 492 (70.9%), house dust mite 473 (68.2%), crab 32 (4.5%) and egg white 26 (3.7%). CONCLUSION Mite, crab and egg white are the most common antigens of allergic rhinitis in Kunshan. SPT is important for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Allergens ; analysis ; immunology ; Animals ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mites ; immunology ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; epidemiology ; Skin Tests ; Young Adult

Citrus red mite (CRM) is known as the most common sensitizing allergen in subjects with asthma and rhinitis working on citrus farms. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of specific IgG1 (slgG1) and specific IgG4 (slgG4) to CRM in citrus farmers. Questionnaire survey and skin prick test including CRM antigen was done by 136 workers. Specific IgE (slgE), slgG1 and slgG4 to CRM were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). CRM-sensitive-asthma was diagnosed upon presence of asthmatic symptoms by questionnaire, airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine and slgE to CRM. CRM-sensitive rhinitis was diagnosed upon presence of rhinitis symptoms and slgE to CRM. Eleven (8.1+ACU-) had CRM-sensitive asthma and 25 (18.4+ACU-) had CRM-sensitive rhinitis. Significant association was noted between presence of asthmatic symptoms and slgE or slgG4 (p+ADw-0.05, respectively), while no significant association was noted in slgG1 (p+AD4-0.05). Significant association was noted in the prevalence between slgG4 and slgE (p+ADw-0.05), while no significant association was noted between slgG1 and slgG4 or slgE (p+ADw-0.05, respectively). There was a significant correlation between slgE and slgG4 level (r+AD0-0.39, p+ADw-0.05). These findings suggest that the presence of slgG1 to CRM is response to CRM exposure, and further studies will be needed to evaluate the role of slgG4.Citrus red mite (CRM) is known as the most common sensitizing allergen in subjects with asthma and rhinitis working on citrus farms. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of specific IgG1 (slgG1) and specific IgG4 (slgG4) to CRM in citrus farmers. Questionnaire survey and skin prick test including CRM antigen was done by 136 workers. Specific IgE (slgE), slgG1 and slgG4 to CRM were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). CRM-sensitive-asthma was diagnosed upon presence of asthmatic symptoms by questionnaire, airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine and slgE to CRM. CRM-sensitive rhinitis was diagnosed upon presence of rhinitis symptoms and slgE to CRM. Eleven (8.1+ACU-) had CRM-sensitive asthma and 25 (18.4+ACU-) had CRM-sensitive rhinitis. Significant association was noted between presence of asthmatic symptoms and slgE or slgG4 (p+ADw-0.05, respectively), while no significant association was noted in slgG1 (p+AD4-0.05). Significant association was noted in the prevalence between slgG4 and slgE (p+ADw-0.05), while no significant association was noted between slgG1 and slgG4 or slgE (p+ADw-0.05, respectively). There was a significant correlation between slgE and slgG4 level (r+AD0-0.39, p+ADw-0.05). These findings suggest that the presence of slgG1 to CRM is response to CRM exposure, and further studies will be needed to evaluate the role of slgG4.
Adolescence ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Agricultural Workers' Diseases/immunology+ACo- ; Agricultural Workers' Diseases/epidemiology ; Animal ; Antibody Specificity ; Asthma/immunology ; Asthma/etiology ; Asthma/epidemiology ; Citrus/parasitology+ACo- ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Human ; IgE/blood ; IgG/immunology ; IgG/blood+ACo- ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Age ; Mites/immunology+ACo- ; Occupational Exposure+ACo- ; Questionnaires ; Respiratory Hypersensitivity/immunology+ACo- ; Respiratory Hypersensitivity/epidemiology ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/immunology ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/etiology ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/epidemiology ; Skin Tests

Citrus red mite (CRM) is known as the most common sensitizing allergen in subjects with asthma and rhinitis working on citrus farms. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of specific IgG1 (slgG1) and specific IgG4 (slgG4) to CRM in citrus farmers. Questionnaire survey and skin prick test including CRM antigen was done by 136 workers. Specific IgE (slgE), slgG1 and slgG4 to CRM were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). CRM-sensitive-asthma was diagnosed upon presence of asthmatic symptoms by questionnaire, airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine and slgE to CRM. CRM-sensitive rhinitis was diagnosed upon presence of rhinitis symptoms and slgE to CRM. Eleven (8.1+ACU-) had CRM-sensitive asthma and 25 (18.4+ACU-) had CRM-sensitive rhinitis. Significant association was noted between presence of asthmatic symptoms and slgE or slgG4 (p+ADw-0.05, respectively), while no significant association was noted in slgG1 (p+AD4-0.05). Significant association was noted in the prevalence between slgG4 and slgE (p+ADw-0.05), while no significant association was noted between slgG1 and slgG4 or slgE (p+ADw-0.05, respectively). There was a significant correlation between slgE and slgG4 level (r+AD0-0.39, p+ADw-0.05). These findings suggest that the presence of slgG1 to CRM is response to CRM exposure, and further studies will be needed to evaluate the role of slgG4.Citrus red mite (CRM) is known as the most common sensitizing allergen in subjects with asthma and rhinitis working on citrus farms. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of specific IgG1 (slgG1) and specific IgG4 (slgG4) to CRM in citrus farmers. Questionnaire survey and skin prick test including CRM antigen was done by 136 workers. Specific IgE (slgE), slgG1 and slgG4 to CRM were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). CRM-sensitive-asthma was diagnosed upon presence of asthmatic symptoms by questionnaire, airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine and slgE to CRM. CRM-sensitive rhinitis was diagnosed upon presence of rhinitis symptoms and slgE to CRM. Eleven (8.1+ACU-) had CRM-sensitive asthma and 25 (18.4+ACU-) had CRM-sensitive rhinitis. Significant association was noted between presence of asthmatic symptoms and slgE or slgG4 (p+ADw-0.05, respectively), while no significant association was noted in slgG1 (p+AD4-0.05). Significant association was noted in the prevalence between slgG4 and slgE (p+ADw-0.05), while no significant association was noted between slgG1 and slgG4 or slgE (p+ADw-0.05, respectively). There was a significant correlation between slgE and slgG4 level (r+AD0-0.39, p+ADw-0.05). These findings suggest that the presence of slgG1 to CRM is response to CRM exposure, and further studies will be needed to evaluate the role of slgG4.
Adolescence ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Agricultural Workers' Diseases/immunology+ACo- ; Agricultural Workers' Diseases/epidemiology ; Animal ; Antibody Specificity ; Asthma/immunology ; Asthma/etiology ; Asthma/epidemiology ; Citrus/parasitology+ACo- ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Human ; IgE/blood ; IgG/immunology ; IgG/blood+ACo- ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Age ; Mites/immunology+ACo- ; Occupational Exposure+ACo- ; Questionnaires ; Respiratory Hypersensitivity/immunology+ACo- ; Respiratory Hypersensitivity/epidemiology ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/immunology ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/etiology ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/epidemiology ; Skin Tests