Child ; Humans ; Rhinitis/diagnosis* ; Rhinitis, Allergic/therapy* ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial

Although the concept of united airway disease has been widely accepted, most scholars emphasize only the effect of rhino-sinusitis while ignoring the pharyngeal factors to the lower airway, especially to the allergic pharyngitis (AP), which still lacks enough awareness. First of all, absence of unified diagnostic standard leads to the lack of epidemiological data, which, results in doctors' personal experience but no guideline in treatments. In addition, it is still not clear that the role of AP in the allergic airway diseases and its relationship with asthma. However, the number of patients with AP has been increasing obviously in daily clinic practice. Combined with the previous observation, this paper does a systematic review about the clinical problems of AP, expecting to give a hand to the clinical diagnosis and treatment of AP.
Asthma ; Humans ; Pharyngitis ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Sinusitis

Rhinitis is divided into allergic and non-allergic rhinitis. Non-allergic rhinitis includes inflammatory rhinitis, such as non-allergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome (NARES) and infective rhinitis, and non-inflammatory rhinitis, such as vasomotor rhinitis and idiopathic rhinitis. Allergic rhinitis is diagnosed based on the presence of allergen-specific IgE and the documentation of relationship between the allergen and symptoms in patients with typical rhinitis symptoms, such as rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, itchiness and/or sneezing. Local allergic rhinitis can be considered for differential diagnosis. Allergic rhinitis should be differentiated from non-allergic rhinitis by using skin prick test, serum specific IgE test, nasal cytology and/or allergen nasal provocation test. Allergic rhinitis should be differentiated from structural nasal diseases, such as septal deviation and nasal polyps. Rhinitis is frequently accompanied by paranasal sinusitis, which should be recognized in clinical practice. Management strategies differ between allergic and nonallergic rhinitis. In addition to pharmacotherapy, allergen avoidance and allergen-specific immunotherapy can be tried in patients with allergic rhinitis. Thus, the exact diagnosis is very important for the effective treatment in allergic rhinitis. The diagnostic tests for allergic rhinitis are reviewed.
Cell Biology ; Diagnosis* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Drug Therapy ; Eosinophilia ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Immunotherapy ; Nasal Obstruction ; Nasal Polyps ; Nasal Provocation Tests ; Nose Diseases ; Rhinitis* ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; Rhinitis, Vasomotor ; Sinusitis ; Skin ; Skin Tests ; Sneezing

Rhinitis is divided into allergic and non-allergic rhinitis. Non-allergic rhinitis includes inflammatory rhinitis, such as non-allergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome (NARES) and infective rhinitis, and non-inflammatory rhinitis, such as vasomotor rhinitis and idiopathic rhinitis. Allergic rhinitis is diagnosed based on the presence of allergen-specific IgE and the documentation of relationship between the allergen and symptoms in patients with typical rhinitis symptoms, such as rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, itchiness and/or sneezing. Local allergic rhinitis can be considered for differential diagnosis. Allergic rhinitis should be differentiated from non-allergic rhinitis by using skin prick test, serum specific IgE test, nasal cytology and/or allergen nasal provocation test. Allergic rhinitis should be differentiated from structural nasal diseases, such as septal deviation and nasal polyps. Rhinitis is frequently accompanied by paranasal sinusitis, which should be recognized in clinical practice. Management strategies differ between allergic and nonallergic rhinitis. In addition to pharmacotherapy, allergen avoidance and allergen-specific immunotherapy can be tried in patients with allergic rhinitis. Thus, the exact diagnosis is very important for the effective treatment in allergic rhinitis. The diagnostic tests for allergic rhinitis are reviewed.
Cell Biology ; Diagnosis* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Drug Therapy ; Eosinophilia ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Immunotherapy ; Nasal Obstruction ; Nasal Polyps ; Nasal Provocation Tests ; Nose Diseases ; Rhinitis* ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; Rhinitis, Vasomotor ; Sinusitis ; Skin ; Skin Tests ; Sneezing

Humans ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal ; diagnosis ; therapy

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical and pathological manifestation, prognosis of unilateral allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS), and to analyze the characters and treatment paradigm of unilateral AFS. METHOD: Clinical and pathological information of 10 cases of unilateral AFS were analyzed. Nasal endoscopy, skin prick test, and visual analogue score (VAS) of severity of illness were taken before surgery. Mucosa membrane and inspissated secretion obtained during endoscopic surgery were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and silver hexosamine. Regular clean of sinus and intranasal steroid spray were taken after surgery. RESULT: Endoscopy showed that 5 cases had pale mucous membranes in the ipsilateral nasal cavity. Skin prick test was positive in all patients. Nasal CT scan demonstrated unilateral lesion in all 10 patients. In the involved sinus, all 10 patients had brown or yellow brown viscous secretion, which demonstrated eosinophilic amorphous mass with accumulation of eosinophils, Charcot-Leyden crystallization and fungal hyphae under microscope. The number of eosinophils in lamina propria of sinus mucosa membrane was 72 +/- 11/hpf. After follow-up for 16 to 26 months(mean 22 months), 9 cases were cured and 1 improved. The pre-operative VAS was 8.5 +/- 1.2, and the post-operative VAS was 1.1 +/- 1.0 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The systemic and local allergic reaction may co-exist in unilateral AFS, in which local hypersensitivity may be the dominant reaction. Endoscopic sinus surgery and intranasal steroid spray are effective in the treatment of unilateral AFS.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mycoses ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; diagnosis ; microbiology ; therapy ; Sinusitis ; diagnosis ; microbiology ; therapy

Humans ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal ; diagnosis ; therapy

Asthma ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; diagnosis ; therapy

Asthma ; Child ; Cough ; Humans ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; complications ; diagnosis ; therapy

Child ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal ; diagnosis ; therapy