No abstract available.
Reward

No abstract available.
Reward* ; Schools, Medical*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to understand the meaning and nature of adaptation experiences among newly employed nurses in oncology ward. METHODS: The present study adopted a phenomenological method. The participants were 9 nurses employed for less than one year. Data were collected by using in-depth interviews. The question of this study was, "What are your experiences as a newly employed nurse in oncology?" RESULTS: 150 significant statements were extracted from the data, and these were clustered into 5 main categories: a 'Difficulty in performing the work of a cancer ward', 'problems with interpersonal relationships', 'striving to be a good nurse', 'satisfaction and rewarding nursing', and 'adapted oneself to be a nurse'. CONCLUSION: Newly employed nurses in oncology ward experienced and perceived feelings of difficulty in performing the work of a cancer ward, problems with interpersonal relationships, striving to be a good nurse, satisfaction and rewarding nursing, and adapting oneself to be a nurse. It is necessary to understand the experiences of new nurses, and to provide strategies that could help new nurses effectively adapt and find the meaning in their adaptation to work in oncology wards. Further research is needed on development of a program focusing on training to improve practicing ability and interpersonal relationships skills.
Nursing ; Qualitative Research ; Reward

The influence of reward on behavior is one of the hottest research subjects in psychological research. Reward-induced motivation promotes the performance of the participants. In the field of emotional processing, the reward can influence the individual's processing of emotional information, but previous studies have not directly discussed the effect of reward on emotional regulation. The present study focused on whether emotional regulation ability would be improved under the reward condition. Experiment 1 and 2 investigated the effect of reward on negative emotional down-regulation and positive emotional up-regulation respectively. In experiment 1, monetary reward stimulation was introduced on the basis of the classic emotion regulation paradigm, and the subjects were asked to regulate their negative emotion under the condition of reward or non-reward, and evaluate their current affective state subsequently. Similar to experiment 1, experiment 2 required subjects to up-regulate positive emotions under the condition of reward or non-reward. The results of experiment 1 showed that under the reward condition, the negative emotional regulation effect was significantly higher than that under the non-reward condition (P < 0.05). Experiment 2 also showed that compared to non-reward condition, the positive emotion regulation effect was significantly increased under the reward condition (P < 0.05). These results suggested that compared to non-reward condition, participants can regulate their emotion better under the condition of the reward. It is worth noting that the results of Experiment 1 and 2 may be caused by the incentive motivation induced by monetary stimulus, or the positive emotion caused by positive value of money information. Therefore, we carried out experiment 3 and 4 to explore whether the positive emotions induced by money itself can influence the emotional regulation of individuals. In experiment 3, the money pictures were used to induce the positive emotions of subjects, and the subjects were asked to regulate their negative emotion after the presence of money pictures or non-monetary picture, and evaluate their current affective state subsequently. Similarly, experiment 4 required subjects to regulate their positive emotion after the presence of money pictures. The results of experiment 3 and 4 showed that there was no significant difference in the subjects' scores of emotional pleasantness after the presence of money pictures or non-monetary picture (P < 0.05). The results of experiment 3 and 4 excluded the possibility that the positive emotions induced by simple money stimulus pictures could improve individual's emotional regulation ability. To sum up, the improvement of individual's emotional regulation ability was indeed driven by reward motivation in this study, that is, the motivation induced by reward can effectively promote individual's emotional regulation ability.
Emotions ; Humans ; Motivation ; Reward

A case of Maffucis syndrome is presented with a brief review of literature because of its rarity. An attempt was made for reconstructive surgery for the deformities involving right hand with rewarding result.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Hand ; Reward

Death, Sudden, Cardiac ; Humans ; Reward

OBJECTIVES: In previous studies, both temperament and character were known as an important factor to determine the extent of social support. The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of temperament and character on social support. METHODS: A total 4329 participants completed questionnaires, which included Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS), Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). This study used Pearson's correlation to evaluate the correlation between TCI dimensions and LSNS. To find the most influential TCI dimension for LSNS, multiple regression analysis was performed for this study. RESULTS: TCI dimensions showed significant mean differences depending on gender (p<0.001). LSNS had highest positive correlation with reward dependence (r=0.357, p<0.001). Three dimensions of TCI (Persistence, Self-Directedness, Cooperativeness) had positive correlation with LSNS (p<0.001). Harm avoidance had negative correlation with LSNS (r=-0.237, p<0.001). According to the results of the multiple regression analysis, reward dependence is the most influential TCI dimension (beta=0.261, t=15.963, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: This result shows that social support is affected by properties of temperament and character. Therefore, to measure properties of temperament and character will help to assess social support.
Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Reward ; Temperament

Neuroaesthetics is an area of research on the essence of aesthetic experience according to the neurobiological perspective. The purpose of this article is to introduce both the important results from some studies based on neuroaesthetics and some neuroaesthetic reports in specific psychiatric disease. Aesthetic experience is thought to be a series of cognitive and affective processes for pursuing aesthetic judgment and aesthetic emotion. According to the present neuroaesthetic studies, the important domains are reward system, embodiment, aesthetic perspective in contrast with practical perspective, sublime, and so on. The neuroaesthetic approach to specific psychiatric disease is just beginning; however, case studies on the sudden appearance of artistic talents in neuropsychiatric patients have been frequently reported. We expect that neuroaesthetics is likely to continue to contribute new knowledge regarding the ultimate causes of various psychiatric diseases and the creativity of many psychiatric patients.
Aptitude ; Beauty ; Brain ; Creativity ; Humans ; Judgment ; Reward

PURPOSE: To explore and describe the essence of oncology nurses' experiences of counseling with cancer patients. METHODS: Qualitative research with a phenomenological study. Participants were 6 oncology nurses who had worked as a clinical nurse specialist or an education-counseling nurse. Data were collected through individual semi-constructed interviews and analyzed with a thematic approach according to Colaizzi's method. RESULTS: Seven themes emerged from the data: harmony of education and counseling, burdening, useless self-blaming, getting more matured, experiencing rewards and meanings, internalized strategies for counseling, and needs for self growth. CONCLUSION: The study highlights the significant impact of counseling with cancer patients by oncology nurses. Oncology nurses experienced both positive and negative aspects of being involved in cancer care. They stated that they were personally growing and getting maturated with the counseling experience. Sometimes they felt sad when the patient's status was progressed. They learned and internalized counseling skill during the communication with cancer patients. They wanted to learn about the practical course of counseling and communication method and the psychology of cancer patients.
Counseling ; Humans ; Nurse Clinicians ; Qualitative Research ; Reward

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to examine the work experiences of nurses working as 119 paramedics and to provide basic information to develop administrative and institutional support system for the nurses. METHOD: The data were collected from December, 2007 to July, 2008 and analyzed using the phenomenological method provided by Munhall and Boyd. Participants of this study were 7 nurses currently working as 119 paramedics and who were willing to fully express their experiences. The grand mal question used in this study was "How is your work experience as an 119 paramedic?" RESULT: Narratives of the participants were analyzed and divided into 3 categories such as 'recognizing', 'withdrawal', and 'confrontation'. CONCLUSION: The results showed even if the participants think of their tasks fulfilling and be proud, they have some difficulties due to restrictions of tasks and work environment. Based on the findings, we suggest developing educational programs to improve their task abilities, establishing safety policy and compensatory reward system according to their accomplishments, and providing counseling opportunities for their traumatic experiences with difficult emotion.
Allied Health Personnel ; Counseling ; Humans ; Reward