Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Radiography ; Retroperitoneal Space ; pathology ; Rhabdomyosarcoma ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; physiopathology

There are a variety of fat-containing lesions that can arise in the intraperitoneal cavity and retroperitoneal space. Some of these fat-containing lesions, such as liposarcoma and retroperitoneal teratoma, have to be resected, although resection can be deferred for others, such as adrenal adenoma, myelolipoma, angiomyolipoma, ovarian teratoma, and lipoma, until the lesions become large or symptomatic. The third group tumors (i.e., mesenteric panniculitis and pseudolipoma of Glisson's capsule) require medical treatment or no treatment at all. Identifying factors such as whether the fat is macroscopic or microscopic within the lesion, the origin of the lesions, and the presence of combined calcification is important for narrowing the differential diagnosis. The development and wide-spread use of modern imaging modalities make identification of these factors easier so narrowing the differential diagnosis is possible. At the same time, lesions that do not require immediate treatment are being incidentally found at an increasing rate with these same imaging techniques. Thus, the questions about the treatment methods have become increasingly important. Classifying lesions in terms of the necessity of performing surgical treatment can provide important information to clinicians, and this is the one of a radiologist's key responsibilities.
Abdominal Fat/pathology/radiography ; Adult ; Aged ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms, Adipose Tissue/*pathology/*radiography ; Peritoneal Cavity/pathology/radiography ; Peritoneal Diseases/pathology/radiography ; Peritoneal Neoplasms/*pathology/*radiography ; Retroperitoneal Neoplasms/*pathology/*radiography ; Retroperitoneal Space/pathology/radiography ; Tomography, Spiral Computed/methods ; Young Adult

Cryptococcal infection is a rare, yet well recognized complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We present a case of mesenteric and retroperitoneal cryptococcal lymphadenitis resulting in the obstruction of the stomach and proximal duodenum in a patient suffering from SLE, while recently she did not receive any immunosuppressive treatment. A 42-yr-old woman was admitted due to high fever and diffuse abdominal pain for three weeks. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan showed multiple conglomerated lymphadenopathies in the retroperitoneum and the mesentery resulting in luminal narrowing of the third portion of the duodenum. Cryptococcal lymphadenitis was proven by needle biopsy and she was treated with intravenous liposomal amphotericin B, followed by oral fluconazole. After fourteen-month antifungal therapies, the clinical symptoms and follow-up images improved. This case emphasize that the intrinsic immunological defects of SLE may be directly responsible for the predisposition to fungal infections.
Adult ; Cryptococcosis/*etiology/pathology/radiography ; Female ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/*complications/immunology ; Lymphadenitis/*etiology/pathology/radiography ; Mesentery ; Opportunistic Infections/etiology/pathology/radiography ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Retroperitoneal Space ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Percutaneous access to the surgical bed after pancreaticoduodenectomy can be a challenge, due to the post-operative anatomy alteration. However, immediate complications, such as surgical bed abscess or suspected tumor recurrence, are often best accessed percutaneously, as open surgical or endoscopic approaches are often difficult, if not impossible. We, hereby, describe a safe approach that is highly replicable, in accessing the surgical bed for percutaneous intervention, following pancreaticoduodenectomy.
Abscess/radiography/therapy ; Bile Duct Neoplasms/pathology/radiography ; Biopsy/methods ; Catheterization/*methods ; Cholangiocarcinoma/pathology/radiography ; Drainage/instrumentation/*methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology/radiography ; Pancreatic Diseases/radiography/therapy ; *Pancreaticoduodenectomy ; Postoperative Complications/radiography/*therapy ; Radiography, Interventional/methods ; Retroperitoneal Space

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate retrospectively the clinical procedural performance of CT-guided needle biopsy for retroperitoneal lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT-guided needle biopsy was performed in 74 consecutive patients (M:F = 44:30; mean age, 59.7 years) with retroperitoneal lesions between April 1998 and June 2009. The target lesion ranged from 1.5 to 12.5 cm in size. The biopsy access path ranged from 3.5 to 11.5 cm in depth. A biopsy specimen was obtained using an 18-gauge core needle under a CT or CT-fluoroscopy guidance and with the patient under local anesthesia. The histopathological diagnoses from the biopsies were obtained. The diagnostic confirmation of the subtype of lymphoma was evaluated. RESULTS: Satisfactory biopsy samples were obtained in 73 (99%) of 74 patients and a pathological diagnosis was made in 70 (95%) of 74 patients. Sixty three lesions were malignant (45 lymphomas, nine primary tumors, nine lymph node metastases) and seven were benign. The subtype of lymphoma was specified in 43 (96%) of 45 patients who were diagnosed with lymphoma. Analysis of the value of CT-guided biopsy in this series indicated 63 true positives, zero false positive, six true negatives and five false negatives. This test had a sensitivity of 93%, a specificity of 100% and an accuracy of 93%. No major complications were seen and minor complications were noted in seven patients (five with local hematomas, two with transient pain at the puncture site). CONCLUSION: CT-guided needle biopsy for retroperitoneal lesions is highly practical and useful, and particularly for determining the subtypes in patients with lymphoma.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; *Biopsy, Needle ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Radiography, Interventional/*methods ; Retroperitoneal Space/*pathology/radiography ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/*methods

If a testicular cancer patient has a mass in the retroperitoneum, a metastasis is often the first suspicion, probably leading to improper diagnosis and overtreatment. Here we report a case of retroperitoneal schwannoma mimicking metastatic seminoma. A 29-year-old man, who had a history of seminoma, presented with a single retroperitoneal mass suspected to be a metastasis. Because the patient refused radiotherapy, 3 cycles of cisplatin, etoposide, and bleomycin were offered. Post-chemotherapy computed tomography scan revealed persistence of the retroperitoneal mass, with no change in tumor size or characteristics. Subsequently, retroperitoneal lymph node dissection was performed. The dissected tissue contained negative lymph nodes but a single mass in the attached fat. Pathology revealed retroperitoneal schwannoma, which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Thus, clinicians should be aware of retroperitoneal schwannoma and its distinction from metastatic seminoma to avoid misdiagnosis and ensure proper treatment.
Adult ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; therapeutic use ; Bleomycin ; therapeutic use ; Cisplatin ; therapeutic use ; Diagnostic Errors ; Etoposide ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary ; Neurilemmoma ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Radiography ; Retroperitoneal Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; pathology ; secondary ; Retroperitoneal Space ; Seminoma ; secondary ; surgery ; Testicular Neoplasms ; surgery

We report here on a case of primary extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma that arose from the pancreas. A 41-year-old man was evaluated by CT to find the cause of his abdominal pain. The CT scans showed a heterogeneously enhancing necrotic mass with numerous areas of coarse calcification, and this was located in the left side of the retroperitoneal space and involved the body and tail of the pancreas. Portal venography via the celiac axis also showed invasion of the splenic vein. Following excision of the mass, it was pathologically confirmed to be primary extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma that arose from the pancreas.
Abdominal Pain/etiology ; Adult ; Chondrosarcoma, Mesenchymal/complications/*diagnosis/surgery ; Contrast Media/administration & dosage ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Iohexol/analogs & derivatives/diagnostic use ; Male ; Necrosis ; Pancreas/pathology/radiography ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/complications/*diagnosis/surgery ; Portal Vein/radiography ; Radiographic Image Enhancement/methods ; Rare Diseases ; Retroperitoneal Space/radiography ; Splenic Vein/radiography ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods