No abstract available.
Cephalometry ; Prognathism* ; Retrognathia*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Prognathism* ; Retrognathia*

Ten cleft palate patients were operated with reconstruction of levator sling without pushback for the purpose of not to make raw surface in the anterior portion of hard palate to prevent maxillary retrognathia. Speech was evaluated by using speech assessment list. Maxillary growth was not evaluated due to in-growing age in majority patient. The report will be followed in next chance. We could impose the significance in clinical application of levator sling palatoplasty without any complications but improving speech.
Cleft Palate ; Humans ; Palate, Hard ; Retrognathia

This study was performed to compare the attractiveness of facial profile among the patients, parents and orthodontists. Six untreated patients between the ages 15 ~25 with Angle 's Class I, Class II, Class III malocclusion were chosen from the Chonnam National University hospital orthodontic department. The images were altered with of the computer to simulate varying degrees of mandibular retrusion and protrusion. The results of this study were obtained as follows: 1. No significant differences in attractiveness of facial profile among the patients, parents and orthodontists. 2. More protrusive lip position was preferred in female than male. 3. More protrusive chin was preferred in orthodontist group than patients, and parents, but there were no significant differences.
Chin ; Female ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Lip ; Male ; Malocclusion ; Parents ; Retrognathia

This study was intended to compare the cranial base morphology between the mandibular prognathism and maxillary retrognathism in skeletal class III patients. The subject of the present study was composed of 88 patients divided into two groups; Group 1 (Skeletal Class III with mandibular prognathism. SNA within normal range, SNB over normal range, n=54) and Group 2(Skeletal Class III with maxillary retrognathism. SNA below normal range, SNB within normal range, n=34). Lateral cephalogram were taken immediate before surgery and 18 landmarks were used to analyze the characteristics of cranial base and maxillomandibular skeleton. The result revealed that cranial base angle is significantly smaller in Group 1 than Group 2, which implies the influence of the cranial base angulation on the mandibular position. However the posterior cranial base length did not influence the mandibular horizontal position and anterior cranial base length did not influence the maxillary horizontal position. As the anterior cranial base length was closely related with ramal height, it is recommendable to investigate the regulatory mechanism of chondrogenesis of cranial base and condyle cartilage in the future research.
Cartilage ; Chondrogenesis ; Humans ; Prognathism* ; Reference Values ; Retrognathia* ; Skeleton ; Skull Base*

It is the aim of this study to observe the distribution of various facial types in class III malocclusion and to characterize the craniofacial features of the very facial types. Cephalometric headplates of a hundred and ten persons showing bilateral class III malocclusion whose mean age was 12.51 years and sixty nine persons of normal occlusion whose mean age was 12.23 years were measured and statistically analyzed. The following summary and conclusions were drawn. 1. Affording the bases for SNA and SNB, 35.45% of sample showed normally positioned maxilla and protruded mandible, 30.00% for retruded maxilla and normally positioned mandible, 15.45% for retruded maxilla and protruded mandible, 10.90% for both maxilla and mandible within normal range and 8.20% for miscellaneous types were arranged in class III malocclusion. 2. 52.72% of sample showed neutrodivergent, 35.45% for hyperdivergent and 11.81% manifested hypodivergent mandible in class III malocclusion. 3. Providing the bases for facial and mandibular planes, 33.63% of sample showed prognathic and neutrodivergent, 20.90% for mesognathic and hyperdivergent, 17.27% for prognathic and hyperdivergent and 15.45% for mesognathic and neutrodivergent were arranged in class III malocclusion. 4. The class III malocclusion brought out shorter cranial base, smaller saddle angle, and larger articular and gonial angle. It showed retropositioned maxilla and forward positioned mandible in spite of no significant differences in linear measurements of mandible. Anterior lower facial height was significantly larger in class III malocclusion, while posterior total facial and anterior total facial heights exhibited no significant differences. 5. It is suggested class III malocclusion was attributed to shorter cranial base, smaller saddle angle, maxillary deficiency and/or retrusion, mandibular excess and/or protrusion, excessive vertical growth of the anterior lower face, and their complex as well.
Humans ; Malocclusion* ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Reference Values ; Retrognathia ; Skull Base

This research was carried out to compares the treatment effects of Horizontal and Vertical type activators in Angle's Class II div. 1 maloccusion patients with mandibular retrusion dand to find out whether different treatment effects or growth pattern were observed between sexes in each study groups. The results were as follows: 1. In Horizontal activator group, forward positioning of mandible and vertical increase in anteror face as examplified by increase of LAFH and AFH were observed when pre and post-treatment datas were evaluated. 2. Males samples in Horizontal activator group showed increase in mandiular length accmpanied by posterior positioning of maxilla, wheras female samples in Horizontal activator group showed increase in mandibular body length,labial inclination of mandibular incisors and increase in lower anterior facial height . 3. In vertical activator group, increase in AFH, LAFH, PFH and LPFH were observed when pre and post treatment datas were a aluated. 4. Male samples in Vertical activator group showed increase in mandibular body length and anterior and posterior facial heights, whereas females samples of Vertical activator group showed mainly increase in anterior facial height 5. When pre and post treatment datas of Horizontal and Vertical activator groups were compared, skeletal difference were mainly observed in eatrnnt datas but dental difference were observed in post treatment datas ,indicating that two actiators differ only in their effects to dental variables. 6. Difference between sexes were noted after treatment although no difference were observed between sexs in each groups before treatment This indicates that inherent growth effects in each sex exerts more influence than appliances used for treatment.
Female ; Humans ; Incisor ; Male ; Malocclusion* ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Retrognathia

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the differences in the position and shape of the anterior loop of the inferior alveolar nerve (ALIAN) in relation to the growth pattern of the mandibular functional subunit. METHODS: The study was conducted on 56 patients among those who had undergone orthognathic surgery at the Gangnam Severance Hospital between January 2010 and December 2015. Preoperative computerized tomography (CT) images were analyzed using the Simplant OMS software (ver.14.0 Materialise Medical, Leuven, Belgium). The anterior and inferior lengths of ALIAN (dAnt and dInf) and each length of the mandibular functional subunits were measured. The relationship between dAnt, dInf, and the growth pattern of the mandibular subunits was analyzed. RESULTS: The length of the anterior portion of ALIAN (dAnt) reached 3.34 ± 1.59 mm in prognathism and 1.00 ± 0.97 mm in retrognathism. The length of the inferior portion of ALIAN (dInf) reached 6.81 ± 1.33 mm in prognathism and 5.56 ± 1.34 mm in retrognathism. The analysis of Pearson’s correlation coefficiency on all samples showed that the lengths of functional subunits were positively correlated with the loop depth. The length of the symphysis area in prognathic patients was positively correlated with the anterior loop depth (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Both the anterior and inferior length of ALIAN are longer in prognathic patients. Especially, it seems to be associated with the growth of the symphysis area.
Chin ; Genioplasty ; Humans ; Mandibular Nerve ; Orthognathic Surgery ; Prognathism ; Retrognathia

OBJECTIVETo guide the orthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning and prognosis by analyzing the craniofacial morphology and reimbursement mechanism of young patients with mandibular retrusion in Chongqing territory by Delaire cephalometric analysis.

METHODSBoth conventional cephalometric analysis and Delaire cephalometric analysis were conducted on the basis of the lateral cephalograms from 56 young mandibular retrusion patients and 40 teenagers with normal occlusion.

RESULTSDecreases in angle SNB, Co-Go, Co-Pog, U1-L1 and increases in angle ANB, angle SN-MP, L1-MP were seen in mandibular retrusion group by conventional cephalometric analysis. Decreases in angle 1, angle 5, (Cp-Oi)/C2 and increases in angle 2, (M-Cp)/C2, angle 3, angle 4 were seen in mandibular retrusion group by Delaire cephalometric analysis. Me-F1 and Me-Met were -8.70 mm +/- 2.48 mm and 5.74 mm +/- 2.58 mm respectively.

CONCLUSIONDelaire cephalometric analysis could evaluate cranio-maxillofacial architectural features of mandibular retrusion patients more visually and quantitatively, which suggests that mandibular retrusion is usually caused by the retrusion of mandibular position and the hypodevelopment of mandibule.

Distraction osteogenesis is a technique of bone lengthening by gradual movement and subsequent remodeling. Distraction forces applied to bone also create tension in the surrounding soft tissues, distraction histiogenesis. Distraction osteogenesis is used to correct facial asymmetry, such as patients with hemifacial microsomia, maxillary or mandibular retrusion, cleft lip and palate, alveolar defect and craniofacial deficiency. Hemifacial microsomia is characterized by unilateral facial hypoplasia, often with unilateral shortening of the mandible and subsequent malocclusion. This report describes two cases of hemifacial microsomia(type IIB). In these two cases, distraction osteogenesis was used to correct a facial asymmetry. Two patients underwent unilateral mandibular distraction osteogenesis of ascending ramus of the mandible with extraoral devices. Successful distraction osteogenesis was achieved in the patients with hemifacial microsomia.
Bone Lengthening ; Cleft Lip ; Facial Asymmetry ; Goldenhar Syndrome* ; Humans ; Malocclusion ; Mandible ; Osteogenesis, Distraction* ; Palate ; Retrognathia