Granulation tissues may arise around the nail in response to trauma to the nail or to ingrowing nails. Drugs, such as retinoids or antiviral agents may be the cause of granulation tissue of the whole body or nails. We experienced two cases of granulation tissue developed on the proximal nail folds and subungual area after putting on tight cast and Korean traditional socks respectively. We reported the cases with review of the literature.
Antiviral Agents ; Granulation Tissue* ; Retinoids

No abstract available.
alpha-Tocopherol* ; beta Carotene* ; Humans ; Retinoids*

This is a case of a 20-year-old female with no known comorbidities presenting with verrucous plaques arranged in a unilateral blaschkoid distribution at birth. Biopsy was consistent with epidermal nevus hence patient was diagnosed as systematized epidermal nevus, Nevus Unius Lateris type. Gold standard treatment is full thickness surgical excision however, due to the extensive involvement, treatment of this condition remains a challenge. Hence, non-surgical combination of ablative CO2 laser and topical tretinoin 0.1% were done. Thinner lesions (1-3 mm) showed lower recurrence (50%) as compared to thicker lesions (>3 mm) showing 100% recurrence after six months. Hence, another CO2 laser session is needed. Quality of life was measured using the Dermatologic Life Quality Index (DLQI) with noted 35% improvement post-treatment.
CO2 laser ; lasers, gas ; tretinoin ; retinoids

Impetigo herpetiformis is a rare and severe pustular disorder which primarily occurs in pregnancy. Etretinate and acitretin are effective in impetigo herpetiformis with systemic steroid. A major concern with the use of systemic retinoids is their high teratogenic potential. Isotretinoin is another retinoid but its teratogenic potential lasts only for two months. Hence, isotretinoin may be used to treat women of childbearing years with impetigo herpetiformis. We report a case of impetigo herpetiformis in a 26-year-old woman whose condition was improved with isotretinoin.
Acitretin ; Adult ; Etretinate ; Female ; Humans ; Impetigo ; Isotretinoin ; Pregnancy ; Retinoids

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of the peripheral blood retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORgamma t) and 4-1BB/4-1BBL mRNA in oral lichen planus (OLP) patients.

METHODSThe expression levels of peripheral blood' RORyt mRNA and 4-1BB/4-1BBL mRNA of 30 samples of OLP patients and 30 cases of healthy human were detected using real-time fluorescent quantitative-polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) technology.

RESULTSIn the OLP group, the expression level of RORgamma t, 4-1BB, 4-1BBL mRNA were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). After the conversion of the 2-delta delta CT, the expression levels of three kinds of mRNA in the OLP group were 3.087, 3.320 and 4.005 times of the control group respectively. In the OLP group, the expression levels of RORgamma t mRNA and 4-1BB mRNA had no obvious correlation (P > 0.05), the expression levels of 4-1BB and 4-1BBL mRNA had a positive correlation (r = 0.455 0, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe abnormal expression of RORyt, 4-1BB and 4-1BBL mRNA may play certain roles in the pathogenesis of OLP.

Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) is a chronic relapsing disease that involves the apocrine gland-bearing skin. It results in sinus tract formation, fibrosis and scarring. Many different treatments for HS have been reported, including topical and systemic antibiotics, intralesional steroids, systemic retinoids, hormonal therapies and immnunosuppressive agents, but they all have limited beneficial effects. Surgical treatments, including wide exteriorization with secondary intention, a skin graft and a flap can be effective treatments for recalcitrant HS. We present here the case of a 26-year-old man with recurred inguinal and axillary HS, and this was treated with secondary healing and a split thickness skin graft after exteriorization. Based on our experience, it is suggested that secondary healing and a split thickness skin graft after exteriorization are effective for recalcitrant HS with multiple interconnected tracts and abscesses.
Abscess ; Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cicatrix ; Fibrosis ; Hidradenitis ; Hidradenitis Suppurativa ; Humans ; Intention ; Retinoids ; Skin ; Steroids ; Transplants

BACKGRUOND: Although treatment with etretinate or modified Ingram method is effective for psoriasis, both regimens have limitations beeause of the risk of long-term toxicity. OBJECTIVE: We performed retinoid-modified Ingram combination therapy expecting greater therapeutic efficacy and less side effect. METHODS: Thirty three plaque-form psoriasis patients were included. Pretreatment with etretinate for 1 to 2 weeks was followed by modified Ingram therapy in combination with etretinate. RESULTS: l. Among 33 patients, clearing was shown in 26 patients(78.8%), 4 patients(12.1%) was improved, and 3 patients(9.1%) showed failure. The number of cleared patient was 13/15 (86.7% ) in moderate group, and 13/18 (72.2%) in severe group. 2. In cleared patients, the mean numbers, duration, and total dose of UVB therapy reaching grade 4 were 11.9, 24.5 days, 1348.5 mJ/cm in trunk, and 13.5, 29.1 days, 1733.3 mJ/cm in extremities. Their differences between trunk and extremities were not statistically significant (p>0.05). 3. In cleared patients, the mean numbers, duration, total dose of phototherapy, and total close of etretinate reaching grade 4 in severe group were not significantly higher than them in moderate group (p>0.05). 4. There were some side effects of etretinate such as cheilitis, dry mouth, and side effects of modified Ingram therapy such as erythema, pruritus. But there was no discontinuation of therapy due to side effect. 5. In 22 patients who were followed up at least,one year, the mean remission time was 149 months in moderate group and 6.9 months in severe group. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that retinoid-modified Ingram regimen is effective and tolerable in the treatment of psoriasis, especially in severe group.
Acitretin ; Cheilitis ; Erythema ; Etretinate ; Extremities ; Humans ; Mouth ; Phototherapy ; Pruritus ; Psoriasis* ; Retinoids

BACKGRUOND: Although treatment with etretinate or modified Ingram method is effective for psoriasis, both regimens have limitations beeause of the risk of long-term toxicity. OBJECTIVE: We performed retinoid-modified Ingram combination therapy expecting greater therapeutic efficacy and less side effect. METHODS: Thirty three plaque-form psoriasis patients were included. Pretreatment with etretinate for 1 to 2 weeks was followed by modified Ingram therapy in combination with etretinate. RESULTS: l. Among 33 patients, clearing was shown in 26 patients(78.8%), 4 patients(12.1%) was improved, and 3 patients(9.1%) showed failure. The number of cleared patient was 13/15 (86.7% ) in moderate group, and 13/18 (72.2%) in severe group. 2. In cleared patients, the mean numbers, duration, and total dose of UVB therapy reaching grade 4 were 11.9, 24.5 days, 1348.5 mJ/cm in trunk, and 13.5, 29.1 days, 1733.3 mJ/cm in extremities. Their differences between trunk and extremities were not statistically significant (p>0.05). 3. In cleared patients, the mean numbers, duration, total dose of phototherapy, and total close of etretinate reaching grade 4 in severe group were not significantly higher than them in moderate group (p>0.05). 4. There were some side effects of etretinate such as cheilitis, dry mouth, and side effects of modified Ingram therapy such as erythema, pruritus. But there was no discontinuation of therapy due to side effect. 5. In 22 patients who were followed up at least,one year, the mean remission time was 149 months in moderate group and 6.9 months in severe group. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that retinoid-modified Ingram regimen is effective and tolerable in the treatment of psoriasis, especially in severe group.
Acitretin ; Cheilitis ; Erythema ; Etretinate ; Extremities ; Humans ; Mouth ; Phototherapy ; Pruritus ; Psoriasis* ; Retinoids

Papillon-Lefevre syndrome is an extremely rare genodermatosis characterized by palmoplantar keratoderma and premature loss of teeth. It is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, and is known to be caused by a loss-of-function mutation in the cathepsin C gene. Mutations of this gene may result in epithelial defects producing keratoderma and secondary periodontitis recalcitrant to traditional treatment, causing subsequent premature loss of teeth. In addition, patients may have increased susceptibility to infection. Histopathologic features are nonspecific, so diagnosis has been made through characteristic skin and teeth findings in many reported cases. Oral retinoids are the mainstay of treatment, but the safety of oral retinoids in children remains controversial due to their side effects in skeletal development. Therefore, a multidisciplinary approach is important for the care of patients with this syndrome. We present two cases of Papillon-Lefevre syndrome. To our knowledge, this condition has not been reported previously in the Korean dermatologic literature.
Cathepsin C ; Child ; Humans ; Keratoderma, Palmoplantar ; Papillon-Lefevre Disease ; Periodontitis ; Retinoids ; Skin ; Tooth

Acrodermatitis continua (AC) of Hallopeau is one of the chronic relapsing pustular eruptions of the extremities. Generalization of AC sometimes occurred spontaneously, or induced by withdrawl of drugs such as corticosteroid, or pregnancy. We report a case of generalized AC in a 50-year-old woman who has been treated intermittently with various medications other than systemic retinoids. The histopathologic findings of the pustules on the fingertips and trunk revealed subcomeal abscesses and/or spongiform pustules. The patient was treated with etretinate in the dose of 50mg/day, and UVB exposure. Two months after treatment, skin lesions were markedly improved.
Abscess ; Acitretin ; Acrodermatitis* ; Etretinate ; Extremities ; Female ; Generalization (Psychology) ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Pregnancy ; Retinoids ; Skin