Granulation tissues may arise around the nail in response to trauma to the nail or to ingrowing nails. Drugs, such as retinoids or antiviral agents may be the cause of granulation tissue of the whole body or nails. We experienced two cases of granulation tissue developed on the proximal nail folds and subungual area after putting on tight cast and Korean traditional socks respectively. We reported the cases with review of the literature.
Antiviral Agents ; Granulation Tissue* ; Retinoids

No abstract available.
alpha-Tocopherol* ; beta Carotene* ; Humans ; Retinoids*

This is a case of a 20-year-old female with no known comorbidities presenting with verrucous plaques arranged in a unilateral blaschkoid distribution at birth. Biopsy was consistent with epidermal nevus hence patient was diagnosed as systematized epidermal nevus, Nevus Unius Lateris type. Gold standard treatment is full thickness surgical excision however, due to the extensive involvement, treatment of this condition remains a challenge. Hence, non-surgical combination of ablative CO2 laser and topical tretinoin 0.1% were done. Thinner lesions (1-3 mm) showed lower recurrence (50%) as compared to thicker lesions (>3 mm) showing 100% recurrence after six months. Hence, another CO2 laser session is needed. Quality of life was measured using the Dermatologic Life Quality Index (DLQI) with noted 35% improvement post-treatment.
CO2 laser ; lasers, gas ; tretinoin ; retinoids

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of the peripheral blood retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORgamma t) and 4-1BB/4-1BBL mRNA in oral lichen planus (OLP) patients.

METHODSThe expression levels of peripheral blood' RORyt mRNA and 4-1BB/4-1BBL mRNA of 30 samples of OLP patients and 30 cases of healthy human were detected using real-time fluorescent quantitative-polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) technology.

RESULTSIn the OLP group, the expression level of RORgamma t, 4-1BB, 4-1BBL mRNA were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). After the conversion of the 2-delta delta CT, the expression levels of three kinds of mRNA in the OLP group were 3.087, 3.320 and 4.005 times of the control group respectively. In the OLP group, the expression levels of RORgamma t mRNA and 4-1BB mRNA had no obvious correlation (P > 0.05), the expression levels of 4-1BB and 4-1BBL mRNA had a positive correlation (r = 0.455 0, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe abnormal expression of RORyt, 4-1BB and 4-1BBL mRNA may play certain roles in the pathogenesis of OLP.

Impetigo herpetiformis is a rare and severe pustular disorder which primarily occurs in pregnancy. Etretinate and acitretin are effective in impetigo herpetiformis with systemic steroid. A major concern with the use of systemic retinoids is their high teratogenic potential. Isotretinoin is another retinoid but its teratogenic potential lasts only for two months. Hence, isotretinoin may be used to treat women of childbearing years with impetigo herpetiformis. We report a case of impetigo herpetiformis in a 26-year-old woman whose condition was improved with isotretinoin.
Acitretin ; Adult ; Etretinate ; Female ; Humans ; Impetigo ; Isotretinoin ; Pregnancy ; Retinoids

Therapeutic agents such as antibiotics, hormonal drugs and retinoids are usually applied for the treatment of acne vulgaris. Adult patients with acne vulgaris may suffer from various side effects of the therapeutic agents. Stellate ganglion blocks are known to be effective for general dermatological conditions such as atopic dermatitis and acne vulgaris. We experienced that a stellate ganglion block showed significant therapeutic effects in two patients with severe acne that did not respond to other treatments including medications. A stellate ganglion block should be considered as an effective treatment method for patients with acne vulgaris, especially in cases where little improvement is seen with the use of other treatment methods.
Acne Vulgaris ; Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Humans ; Retinoids ; Stellate Ganglion

BACKGROUND: Acne vulgaris is one of the most common dermatologic diseases and the main method of treatment is antibiotics and retinoids. However, many patients experience a need for a different treatment because of the transient effect and severe adverse effects. The study reported herein evaluated the effect and safety on acne vulgaris of 805 nm diode laser and topical Indocyanine green (ICG). OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the efficacy of the near-infrared diode laser phototherapy in combination with topical application of ICG in the treatment of acne vulgaris. METHODS: Twenty-three volunteers with varying degrees of acne were enrolled in the study. Half of the face was stained by ICG. After 15 minutes, the whole face was irradiated by 805 nm diode laser. The procedure was carried out two times a week for 4 weeks. Inflammatory, non-inflammatory acne lesions were counted and sebum levels of both cheeks were measured. RESULTS: The mean reduction of the inflammatory lesion counts was 43% in the ICG-diode laser group. The mean clearance of non-inflammatory lesions was 25% in the ICG-diode laser group. Significant reduction of acne lesions were observed in ICG-diode laser group compared to diode laser group (p<0.05). The adverse effects were negligible on both sides of the face. CONCLUSION: ICG and diode laser therapy is effective in the treatment of moderate to severe acne vulgaris, and none of significant adverse effects were observed.
Acne Vulgaris ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cheek ; Humans ; Indocyanine Green ; Lasers, Semiconductor ; Photochemotherapy ; Phototherapy ; Retinoids ; Sebum

Papillon-Lefevre syndrome is an extremely rare genodermatosis characterized by palmoplantar keratoderma and premature loss of teeth. It is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, and is known to be caused by a loss-of-function mutation in the cathepsin C gene. Mutations of this gene may result in epithelial defects producing keratoderma and secondary periodontitis recalcitrant to traditional treatment, causing subsequent premature loss of teeth. In addition, patients may have increased susceptibility to infection. Histopathologic features are nonspecific, so diagnosis has been made through characteristic skin and teeth findings in many reported cases. Oral retinoids are the mainstay of treatment, but the safety of oral retinoids in children remains controversial due to their side effects in skeletal development. Therefore, a multidisciplinary approach is important for the care of patients with this syndrome. We present two cases of Papillon-Lefevre syndrome. To our knowledge, this condition has not been reported previously in the Korean dermatologic literature.
Cathepsin C ; Child ; Humans ; Keratoderma, Palmoplantar ; Papillon-Lefevre Disease ; Periodontitis ; Retinoids ; Skin ; Tooth

BACKGRUOND: Although treatment with etretinate or modified Ingram method is effective for psoriasis, both regimens have limitations beeause of the risk of long-term toxicity. OBJECTIVE: We performed retinoid-modified Ingram combination therapy expecting greater therapeutic efficacy and less side effect. METHODS: Thirty three plaque-form psoriasis patients were included. Pretreatment with etretinate for 1 to 2 weeks was followed by modified Ingram therapy in combination with etretinate. RESULTS: l. Among 33 patients, clearing was shown in 26 patients(78.8%), 4 patients(12.1%) was improved, and 3 patients(9.1%) showed failure. The number of cleared patient was 13/15 (86.7% ) in moderate group, and 13/18 (72.2%) in severe group. 2. In cleared patients, the mean numbers, duration, and total dose of UVB therapy reaching grade 4 were 11.9, 24.5 days, 1348.5 mJ/cm in trunk, and 13.5, 29.1 days, 1733.3 mJ/cm in extremities. Their differences between trunk and extremities were not statistically significant (p>0.05). 3. In cleared patients, the mean numbers, duration, total dose of phototherapy, and total close of etretinate reaching grade 4 in severe group were not significantly higher than them in moderate group (p>0.05). 4. There were some side effects of etretinate such as cheilitis, dry mouth, and side effects of modified Ingram therapy such as erythema, pruritus. But there was no discontinuation of therapy due to side effect. 5. In 22 patients who were followed up at least,one year, the mean remission time was 149 months in moderate group and 6.9 months in severe group. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that retinoid-modified Ingram regimen is effective and tolerable in the treatment of psoriasis, especially in severe group.
Acitretin ; Cheilitis ; Erythema ; Etretinate ; Extremities ; Humans ; Mouth ; Phototherapy ; Pruritus ; Psoriasis* ; Retinoids

BACKGRUOND: Although treatment with etretinate or modified Ingram method is effective for psoriasis, both regimens have limitations beeause of the risk of long-term toxicity. OBJECTIVE: We performed retinoid-modified Ingram combination therapy expecting greater therapeutic efficacy and less side effect. METHODS: Thirty three plaque-form psoriasis patients were included. Pretreatment with etretinate for 1 to 2 weeks was followed by modified Ingram therapy in combination with etretinate. RESULTS: l. Among 33 patients, clearing was shown in 26 patients(78.8%), 4 patients(12.1%) was improved, and 3 patients(9.1%) showed failure. The number of cleared patient was 13/15 (86.7% ) in moderate group, and 13/18 (72.2%) in severe group. 2. In cleared patients, the mean numbers, duration, and total dose of UVB therapy reaching grade 4 were 11.9, 24.5 days, 1348.5 mJ/cm in trunk, and 13.5, 29.1 days, 1733.3 mJ/cm in extremities. Their differences between trunk and extremities were not statistically significant (p>0.05). 3. In cleared patients, the mean numbers, duration, total dose of phototherapy, and total close of etretinate reaching grade 4 in severe group were not significantly higher than them in moderate group (p>0.05). 4. There were some side effects of etretinate such as cheilitis, dry mouth, and side effects of modified Ingram therapy such as erythema, pruritus. But there was no discontinuation of therapy due to side effect. 5. In 22 patients who were followed up at least,one year, the mean remission time was 149 months in moderate group and 6.9 months in severe group. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that retinoid-modified Ingram regimen is effective and tolerable in the treatment of psoriasis, especially in severe group.
Acitretin ; Cheilitis ; Erythema ; Etretinate ; Extremities ; Humans ; Mouth ; Phototherapy ; Pruritus ; Psoriasis* ; Retinoids