proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is the most common cause of failure in retinal reattachment surgery. Three different procedures were performed in 20 pigmented rabbits to devise a simple model to induce experimental PVR. Rabbits were assigned randomly to three groups (I, II, and III). Group I rabbits (5 rabbits, 10 eyes) rereived normal saline into the vitreous cavity, after an iatrogenic retinal tear was made. In group II rabits (8 rabbits, 8 eyes), a suspension of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choroid from the left eye was transferred into the vitreous cavity of the right eye. In group III rabbits (7 rabbits, 7 eyes), a suspension of RPE and choroid from the left eye was transferred into the vitreous cavity of the right eye after an iatrogenic retinal tear was made. The fundus was observed for 2 months with an indirect ophthalmoscope. The incidence of retinal detachment in group I was zero (O/IO), that of group II was 37.5% (3/8), and that of group III was 85.7% (6/7). Electron microscopic findings of the vitreous strand of one eye of group II showed a central melanocytic core, peripheral fibroblasts, and intercellular collasen fibril. Electron microscopic findings in one eye of group III revealed a subretinal membrane composed of suspected RPE and glial cells.
Animals ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Pigment Epithelium of Eye/pathology ; Rabbits ; Retinal Diseases/*etiology ; Vitreous Body/pathology

No abstract available.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Fundus Oculi ; Hamartoma/*congenital/diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Retinal Diseases/*congenital/diagnosis ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium/*pathology ; Retinal Telangiectasis/*diagnosis ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Young Adult

A 5-year-old girl was diagnosed with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF-2) due to multiple neurofibromas, cafe-au-lait spots, and schwannomas of the brain. During ophthalmologic evaluation, a posterior subcapsular cataract and a gray-green colored subretinal lesion were found in right eye. Fluorescein angiography (FA) revealed a combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium (CHRRPE). At age 9, she underwent cataract surgery. At this time FA and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were taken. The SD-OCT showed an elevated hyperreflective mass in the retina with prominent attenuation of the inner and outer retina, but minimal attenuation in the photoreceptor layers. The underlying retina appeared to be disorganized and thick (791 microm). This is the first case report of SD-OCT imaging of a CHRRPE associated with NF-2 in a pediatric patient. By using SD-OCT in this patient, we could obtain detailed tumor characteristics, and SD-OCT may be helpful in the diagnosis and management of CHRRPE.
Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Hamartoma/complications/*diagnosis ; Humans ; Neurofibromatosis 2/*complications/diagnosis ; Retinal Diseases/complications/*diagnosis ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium/*pathology ; Tomography, Optical Coherence/*methods ; Visual Acuity

We investigated the case of a young man with blurred vision in his left eye. His visual acuity was slightly decreased, and ophthalmoscopy disclosed a gray-white lesion in the macula. He had no systemic or ocular history. On the visual field test, the threshold sensitivity was decreased in the corresponding region. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) demonstrated a disruption in the photoreceptor inner and outer segment (IS/OS) junction and undulation of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) with backscattering. We re-examined the patient after two weeks and after three months without any treatment. Visual acuity and visual field results were gradually normalized, and OCT demonstrated the recovery of continuity in the photoreceptor IS/OS junction, as well as decreased RPE irregularity with minimal backscattering. We used spectral domain OCT instead of time domain OCT (OCT3) so that we could provide better image resolution of the acute retinal pigment epitheliitis (ARPE). Finally, we observed recovery of the functional and anatomical changes in the ARPE patient with a resolution of the condition within three months following the initial examination, using OCT and visual field tests.
Adolescent ; Humans ; Macula Lutea/pathology ; Male ; Ophthalmoscopy ; Recovery of Function ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium/*pathology/physiopathology ; Retinitis/*pathology/physiopathology ; Time Factors ; *Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Fields

A 46-year-old man presented with visual disturbances in both eyes. His best corrected visual acuity was 0.7 (both eyes). Ptosis and limitation of ocular movement in every direction were observed. Slit lamp examination showed a bilateral iridescent cataract. Fundus examination showed peripheral depigmentation of the retinal pigment epithelium and pigmentary clumping in both eyes that agreed with blocked fluorescence and widow defects on fluorescein angiography. The amplitude of b-wave was decreased on electroretinography. Fourteen months later, the patient's best corrected visual acuity decreased to 0.3 due to increased lens opacity. Phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation were performed on both eyes. At the patient's final visit, retinal findings were stable with a best corrected visual acuity of 0.7 in both eyes. In conclusion, the visual disturbance could have been caused by both cataracts and retinal degeneration, meaning the fundus should be examined carefully in patients with myotonic dystrophy.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Fundus Oculi ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myotonic Dystrophy/*complications/diagnosis ; Pigment Epithelium of Eye/*pathology ; Retinal Degeneration/diagnosis/*etiology

This retrospective observational case series on eyes from three patients was done to elucidate the developmental mechanism of spontaneous reattachment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (SRRRD). The study eyes of each patients showed evidence of retinal break and diffuse retinal pigmentary change. Ultrasound biomicroscopic examination revealed vitreous fibers attached to the area around the retinal break. Posterior vitreous attachment was confirmed in each eye. A thin fibrovascular membrane incompletely sealing the retinal break was noted in one case. We suggest that the vitreous attachment around the retinal break and the sealing of the break with adjacent vitreous fibers seem to be involved in the developmental mechanism of SRRRD.
Adult ; Atrophy ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Remission, Spontaneous ; Retina/*abnormalities/pathology/*physiopathology ; Retinal Detachment/*etiology/pathology/*physiopathology ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium/abnormalities/pathology/physiopathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Vitreous Body/abnormalities/pathology/physiopathology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo observe the contribution of Borneolum syntheticum to the intervention effect of Liuwei Dihuang Pill (, LDP) on experimental retinal degeneration, and initially investigate the mechanism of Borneolum syntheticum as meridian-lead-in drug.

METHODSA total of 180 sodium iodateinduced retinital degeneration rats were randomly divided into three groups, including distilled water group, LDP group, and LDP+Borneolum syntheticum (LDP+BS) group. Twenty normal rats were fed regularly without any treatment as normal control. On day 7 and 14 after treatment, histopathological study and transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) test were performed to evaluate the retinopathy. Claudin-5 expression at blood-retina barrier (BRB) was detected by Western blot at different time points from 0.5 to 8 h after gavage.

RESULTSOn day 7 and 14 after treatment, the retinal lesion grades were significantly different among the three groups (P<0.05). The grade in the LDP+BS group was significantly less than the LDP and distilled water groups (both P<0.05), no significant difference was observed between the LDP and distilled water groups (P>0.05). The apoptosis rates in the LDP+BS group was significantly less than the distilled water and LDP groups (both P<0.05), while there was no significant difference between LDP and distilled water groups (P>0.05). Expression of claudin-5 in LDP+BS group was significantly less than the other two groups at 0.5, 1 and 2 h after gavage (P<0.05). There was no apparent difference among the three groups at 4 and 8 h after gavage (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONBorneolum syntheticum could strengthen the effect of LDP on experimental retinal degeneration, indicated that Borneolum syntheticum might play the role of meridian-lead-in drug in the formula. The mechanism may be due to Borneolum syntheticum could promote the physiologically openness of bloodretina barrier through transiently affecting the expression of claudin-5.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Claudin-5 ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Retinal Degeneration ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium ; drug effects ; pathology ; Time Factors

PURPOSE: To characterize the features of peripapillary atrophy (PPA), as imaged by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). METHODS: SD-OCT imaging of the optic disc was performed on healthy eyes, eyes suspected of having glaucoma, and eyes diagnosed with glaucoma. From the peripheral beta-zone, the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), the junction of the inner and outer segments (IS/OS) of the photoreceptor layer, and the Bruch's membrane/retinal pigment epithelium complex layer (BRL) were visualized. RESULTS: Nineteen consecutive eyes of 10 subjects were imaged. The RNFL was observed in the PPA beta-zone of all eyes, and no eye showed an IS/OS complex in the beta-zone. The BRL was absent in the beta-zone of two eyes. The BRL was incomplete or showed posterior bowing in the beta-zone of five eyes. CONCLUSIONS: The common findings in the PPA beta-zone were that the RNFL was present, but the photoreceptor layer was absent. Presence of the BRL was variable in the beta-zone areas.
Adult ; Aged ; Bruch Membrane/pathology ; Female ; Glaucoma/*complications ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nerve Fibers/pathology ; Optic Atrophy/*diagnosis/*etiology ; Optic Disk/*pathology ; Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate/pathology ; Retina/pathology ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium/pathology ; Tomography, Optical Coherence/*methods

We report the clinical course of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in a patient with drusenoid pigment epithelium detachment (PED). A patient with drusenoid PED underwent PDT follow-up was carried out at one week, one month, three months, six months and one year after treatment. Fundus exam, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fluorescein angiography were performed. After the PDT, drusen and PED were gradually diminished over one year. However, pure serous PED eventually developed at the same location of the drusenoid PED. The results of the PDT, on drusenoid PED, were initially effective, but not completely successful. Therefore, PDT may be considered as an alternative treatment option for drusenoid PED.
Aged ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Humans ; Male ; *Photochemotherapy ; Photosensitizing Agents/*therapeutic use ; Pigment Epithelium of Eye/*drug effects/pathology ; Porphyrins/*therapeutic use ; Retinal Detachment/diagnosis/*drug therapy ; Retinal Drusen/diagnosis/*drug therapy ; Tomography, Optical Coherence

PURPOSE: To report a case of cancer-associated nummular loss of the retinal pigment epithelium. METHODS: A 47-year-old man with a history of hepatocellular carcinoma presented with three weeks of bilateral visual loss. His best-corrected visual acuity was 20/40 in each eye. He had multiple round confluent grayish-brown patches at the level of retinal pigment epithelium, and no pigmented choroidal lesions. Fluorescein angiography showed circular areas of transmission defect and indocyanine green angiography showed early hyperfluorescence, corresponding with the multiple round confluent patches. CONCLUSIONS: We report a case of visual paraneoplastic syndrome which showed nummular loss of the pigment epithelial cells which distinguishes the clinical component of BDUMP syndrome.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/*pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Fatal Outcome ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Fundus Oculi ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms/*pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Paraneoplastic Syndromes/*diagnosis ; Pigment Epithelium of Eye/*pathology ; Retinal Diseases/*diagnosis ; Tomography, Optical Coherence