Ultrasonograms were obtained from 27 cases of intraocular and 10 cases of orbital diseases with S.K.L containing a general transducer(A-mode), 1~3 MHz in its frequency and 15mm in its diameter. The authors summerized that these ultrasonograms would provide some benefits in supplementary clinical diagnosis, especially in confirming the presence of intraocular tumors, differential diagnosis of primary and secondary retinal detachment and deciding the location and surgical procedure preoperatively in the orbital tumors.
Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Orbit* ; Orbital Diseases* ; Retinal Detachment ; Ultrasonography*

PURPOSE: To compare the image quality between swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), especially in eyes with media opacity. METHODS: Forty eyes without media opacity and 60 eyes with media opacity (30 eyes with cataract, 20 eyes with vitreous opacity, and 10 eyes with corneal opacity) were included in this study. SD-OCT and SS-OCT 6 x 6 macular scans were taken by a single operator. For image quality analysis, a total of 200 OCT images were subjectively graded by two trained retina specialists and measured quantitatively using the image quality factor (QF) built into the OCT devices. RESULTS: Compared to conventional SD-OCT, SS-OCT had statistically significantly better subjective and objective grades in the normal group, as well as each of the media opacity groups (p-value < 0.001). In both the subjective and objective grades, there was no significant difference according to the types of media opacity (QF: p = 0.188, subject grading scale [SGS]: p = 0.635) and the degree of media opacity (Group I: 20 < or = QF < 50, Group II: 0 < or = QF < 20; QF: p = 0.088, SGS: p = 0.051) in the superiority of image quality of SS-OCT to SD-OCT. CONCLUSIONS: In this media opacity patient population, swept-source OCT is a superior diagnostic tool when compared with SD-OCT in both objective and subjective assessments, even in the ocular media opacity. This result may be useful in diagnosis and progression detection of retinal disease in media opacity eyes.
Cataract ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Retina ; Retinal Diseases ; Specialization ; Tomography, Optical Coherence*

In this study, the automatic segmentation of the irregular lesion region in the image of fundus fluorescence angiography was actualized by means of the modified Back Propagation (BP) neural network method. Combining the transfer scaling coefficient between pixel of the image and the actual size, the area of the irregular lesion region was measured. The results may provide valuable data for the clinical diagnosis, treatment and prognostic evaluation.
Algorithms ; Fluorescein Angiography ; methods ; Nerve Net ; Retinal Diseases ; diagnosis ; pathology

No abstract available.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Fundus Oculi ; Hamartoma/*congenital/diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Retinal Diseases/*congenital/diagnosis ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium/*pathology ; Retinal Telangiectasis/*diagnosis ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Young Adult

Electroretinography (ERG) is a reliable diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of retinal disease. It measures electric potentials occurring in the retina in response to light stimulation. In this study, we examined the normal electroretinogram using the Handheld Multispecies ERG (HMsERG) in Shih Tzu dogs. ERG recordings were performed in twelve eyes of six healthy Shih Tzu dogs. Dogs were anesthetized with a combination of medetomidine and ketamine. Proparacaine eye drops were also applied as a topical anesthetic. Tropicamide eye drops were applied for mydriasis. After 20 min of dark adaptation, we recorded the amplitudes and implicit times of the b-waves of the rod, standard rod and cone (Std R&C), high-intensity rod and cone (Hi-int R&C), and cone systems, and responses of the cones and inner retina by flicker light stimulation (cone flicker). Results showed that mean the amplitudes of a-waves of Std R&C, Hi-int R&C, and the cone responses were 141.25 microV, 173.00 microV, and 12.92 microV, respectively. The b-waves of the rod responses ranged from 141.58 to 155.25 microV; the Std R&C was 314.75 microV, the Hi-int R&C was 329.42 microV, the cones were 37.75 microV, and the flicker responses were 64.08 microV. The b/a ratios for the Std R&C, Hi-int R&C, and the cone response were 2.29, 1.94, and 3.71, respectively. Mean implicit time of the a-wave of the Std R&C was 15.12 ms, of Hi-int R&C was 13.42 ms, and of the cone response was 7.22 ms. The b-wave of the rod responses ranged from 68.12 to 72.68 ms, of Std R&C were 37.28 ms, of Hi-int R&C were 41.90, of the cone responses were 38.12 ms, and of the cone flicker responses were 22.80 ms. We believe that these parameters can be used as reference "normal" ERGs ranges for Shih Tzu dogs using the HMsERG under medetomidine and ketamine anesthesia.
Animals ; Dog Diseases/diagnosis ; Dogs/*physiology ; Electroretinography/instrumentation/*veterinary ; Retinal Diseases/diagnosis/veterinary ; Time Factors

During cerebral vasospasm (CVS) due to ruptured aneurysm the retinal arteries were photographed and evaluated with angiographic studies at various stages to study any correlation between them. Among 60 cases with angiographic CVS, ophthalmoscopic retinal artery spasm (RAS) was detected in 29 cases. Photographic demonstration of the RAS was possible in 7 cases. In general, in a series of cases, the degree of RAS seems to correspond to the severity of CVS.
Carotid Artery Diseases/complications ; Human ; Intracranial Aneurysm/complications ; Ischemic Attack, Transient/complications* ; Ophthalmoscopy* ; Retinal Artery* ; Retinal Diseases/diagnosis

PURPOSE: To investigate the characteristics of fluorescein angiograms (FAG) of the optic nerve head and retina according to the presence of optic nerve head swelling (ONHS) in central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). METHODS: The records of 69 eyes were reviewed, confirmed with the diagnosis of CRVO, and compared for several features according to the presence of ONHS. The best-corrected visual acuities and intraocular pressures were recorded and patterns of retinal hemorrhage were described. The presence of fluorescein filling defects of the optic disc, time till fluorescein started to fill at the optic disc, arteriovenous transit time, and nonperfused areas were assessed using FAG. RESULTS: Forty-one patients without ONHS (group 1) and 28 patients with ONHS (group 2) were included. The mean ages for groups 1 and 2 were 61.4 and 56.9 years, respectively, and there was no significant difference the mean ages between the groups. The fluorescein filling defect of the optic disc was seen more often in group 1 (n=13) than in group 2 (n=2). Marginal irregularity of the foveal avascular zone due to perifoveal capillary drop out was seen significantly more often in group 1 (n=12) than in group 2 (n=2). CONCLUSIONS: Fluorescein filling defects of the optic disc and perifoveal capillary drop out were more frequently seen in CRVO patients without ONHS. However, longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the prognostic value of ONHS and the correlation of filling defects with progressive optic neuropathy in CRVO.
Capillaries ; Diagnosis ; Fluorescein* ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Optic Disk* ; Optic Nerve Diseases ; Optic Nerve* ; Retina ; Retinal Hemorrhage ; Retinal Vein* ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: Prepapillary vascular loops are blood vessels that project from the optic disc into the vitreous cavity and then return to the disc to continue their natural cource. Ninety percent are arterial in origin and usually congenital anomaly. We report four cases of prepapillary vascular loops associated with retinal and choroidal disorders. METHODS: Prepapillary vascular channel which showed twisted or ringlike appearance without leakage on fluorescein angiogram constituted the diagnosis. However, there may be a sector delay in filling of the optic disc or retina supplied by the loop due to the increased distance that blood must travel through the loop. RESULTS: These cases are not associated with vision-threatening diseases. The associated retinal diseases are diabetic retinopathy in one case, retinitis pigmentosa in one case, contralateral posterior uveitis in two cases. They are arterial loops. In two eyes were observed multiple prepapillary vascular loops. The vessels may appear as simple hairpin loops, spiral, or corkscrew configuration. In our cases, the presence of a cilioretinal artery and retinal artery obstruction could not be determined; other complication associated with prepapillary vascular loops were not observed. CONCLUSIONS: We assume that prepapillary vascular loops may occur acquiredly associated with other ocular diseases.
Arteries ; Blood Vessels ; Choroid ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Diagnosis ; Fluorescein ; Retina ; Retinal Artery ; Retinal Diseases* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Retinitis Pigmentosa ; Uveitis, Posterior

Ocular ischemic syndrome is a chronic ischemic eye disease including a series of ischemic ocular and brain syndromes caused by carotid artery occlusion or stenosis. Because of the different degrees of ischemia, clinical manifestations of ocular ischemic syndrome are diverse, and it is difficult to diagnose in the initial stage. The main strategy to treat ocular ischemic syndrome is elimination of carotid stenosis. We presented a patient who recovered dramatically after carotid artery stenting. The pre-stenting arm-retinal circulation time of the patient’s left eye was prolonged, and a large amount of microaneurysm appeared at the posterior polar and mid-peripheral aspects of the left retina. The post-stenting arm-retinal circulation time of the left eye decreased to 16.3 seconds, and the microaneurysm almost disappeared.
Angioplasty ; Carotid Arteries ; surgery ; Carotid Stenosis ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Ischemia ; diagnosis ; Middle Aged ; Retinal Artery Occlusion ; surgery ; Retinal Diseases ; surgery

A 5-year-old girl was diagnosed with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF-2) due to multiple neurofibromas, cafe-au-lait spots, and schwannomas of the brain. During ophthalmologic evaluation, a posterior subcapsular cataract and a gray-green colored subretinal lesion were found in right eye. Fluorescein angiography (FA) revealed a combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium (CHRRPE). At age 9, she underwent cataract surgery. At this time FA and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were taken. The SD-OCT showed an elevated hyperreflective mass in the retina with prominent attenuation of the inner and outer retina, but minimal attenuation in the photoreceptor layers. The underlying retina appeared to be disorganized and thick (791 microm). This is the first case report of SD-OCT imaging of a CHRRPE associated with NF-2 in a pediatric patient. By using SD-OCT in this patient, we could obtain detailed tumor characteristics, and SD-OCT may be helpful in the diagnosis and management of CHRRPE.
Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Hamartoma/complications/*diagnosis ; Humans ; Neurofibromatosis 2/*complications/diagnosis ; Retinal Diseases/complications/*diagnosis ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium/*pathology ; Tomography, Optical Coherence/*methods ; Visual Acuity