In eyes with media opacity and equivocal ultrasonographic findings, we can differenciate retinal detachment from vitreous membrane using color doppler imaging(CDI), which allows the display of blood flow characteristics on conventional ultrasonography. The authors performed high resolution Bscan ultrasonography and color doppler imaging simultaneously in 31 eyes with opacity of ocular media, and their intraoperative characteristics and post operative results were evaluated. In 30 eyes with retinal detachment or vitreous membrane, 7 eyes(23%) had equivocal ultrasonographic findings and needed color doppler imaging. Nine eyes(75%) had positive color signal in 12 eyes with retinal detachment, whereas 3 eyes negative. 17 eyes(94%) had negative color signal in 18 eyes with vitreous membrane, 1 eye with proliferative diabetic retinopathy had positive. In conclusion, color doppler imaging is a useful diagnostic method in differentiating retinal detachment from vitreous membrane.
Diabetic Retinopathy ; Membranes* ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Ultrasonography

To investigate the relationship between peripheral retinal degeneration and axial length, we conducted a clinical study on 254 subjectives (508 eyes) whose age lie between 19-25 years and who had no other ocular disease nor any previous eye surgery. Axial length was measured with A-scan ultrasonography and retinal periphery was inspected by 360 degrees biomicroscopic examination with Goldmann three-mirror lens. The recorded degenerative peripheral retinal lesions were; lattice degeneration, pigmentary degeneration, cystoid degeneration, white without pressure, retinal hole or tears, retinal detachment, posterior vitreous detachment. The statistical analysis was done by using the chi-square test. The mean axial length was 24.01 +/- 1.08mm with a range of 21.8 to 27.9mm. The overall prevalence of the peripheral retinal degenerations increased as axial length did. Specially, that of pigmentary, cystoid, lattice degeneration was significantly related with long axial length individually for each lesion(p<0.01). However, there was a significantly greater percentage(53.37%) of all lesions in 23.0 - 24.9mm axial length group. These results suggest that the frequency of peripheral retinal degeneration increased with axial length but there was a posibility that the peripheral retinal degenerative lesions can be found in eyes of the mean and the shorter axial length.
Prevalence ; Retinal Degeneration* ; Retinal Perforations ; Retinaldehyde* ; Ultrasonography ; Vitreous Detachment

Posterior scleritis must be one of the most underdiagnosed treatable conditions in ophthalmology, partly because its manifestations are so protean and partly because the diagnosis is rarely considered. Although ultrasonography and computer tomogram are ancilliary tests, a careful examination of the posterior segment of the eye including the area of the ora serrata, macula and disc is essential to discover the presence of a posterior scleritis. We experienced prolonged retinal pigment epithelial detachments which had appered at early phase of posterior scleritis.
Bruch Membrane ; Diagnosis ; Ophthalmology ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Scleritis* ; Ultrasonography

Malignant melanoma is the most common intraocular tumor in whites but rare in orientals. We experienced a case of malignant melanoma of the choroid in 39-year-old female who had decrease of vision of her right eye. Slit lamp examination through the dilated pupil showed a well delineated pigment mass in the vitreous cavity and ophthalmoscopic examination showed a large inferior retinal detachment. Diagnosis was made by ultrasonography and computerized tomography. The right eye was enucleated and was found to have a large pigmented mass of the choroid. Histopathologic examination of the choroidal mass disclosed a malignant melanoma composed of epitheloid cells. At the last visit, 4 months after enucleation, the patient was doing well.
Adult ; Choroid* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Melanoma* ; Pupil ; Retinal Detachment ; Ultrasonography

Ultrasonograms were obtained from 27 cases of intraocular and 10 cases of orbital diseases with S.K.L containing a general transducer(A-mode), 1~3 MHz in its frequency and 15mm in its diameter. The authors summerized that these ultrasonograms would provide some benefits in supplementary clinical diagnosis, especially in confirming the presence of intraocular tumors, differential diagnosis of primary and secondary retinal detachment and deciding the location and surgical procedure preoperatively in the orbital tumors.
Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Orbit* ; Orbital Diseases* ; Retinal Detachment ; Ultrasonography*

Forty three eyes with vitreous hemorrhage caused by branch retinal vein occlusion had been underwent pars plana vitrectomy and followed-up over 6 months. The eyes were classified into 4 groups according to intraoperative fundus findings-group 1; vitreous hemorrhage only, group 2; vitreous hemorrhage with fibrovascular proliferation, group 3; vitreous hemorrhage with traction retinal detachments, group 4; vitreous hemorrhage with rhegmatogenous retinal detachments. Analysis was focused on the clinical characteristics and postoperative outcome in each group. The durations of vitreous hemorrhage were longer significantly in group 2 and group 3. The vision improved postoperatively in 35 of 43 eyes(81.3%). The percentage of postoperative visual improvements was 100%(18 of 18 eyes) in group 1, 85.7%(12 of 14 eyes) in group 2, 66.6%(4 of 6 eyes) in group 3, and 20$(1 of 5 eyes) in group 4. The preoperative ultrasono-graphic findings of retinal status were accorded with intraoperative retinal findings in 74.4% of eyes.
Retinal Detachment ; Retinal Vein Occlusion* ; Retinal Vein* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Traction ; Ultrasonography ; Vitrectomy ; Vitreous Hemorrhage*

PURPOSE: In this study we evaluated and analyzed the causes and prognosis of spontaneous vitreous hemorrhage except direct ocular trauma and diabetic retinopathy-induced vitreous hemorrhage confirmed after therapeutic vitrectomy. METHODS: The present study included Non-traumatic, non-diabetic vitreous hemorrhage patients who underwent vitrectomy in our hospital from March 2010 to December 2013 and were followed up for more than 1 year. Past history, preoperative visual acuity and intraocular pressure were evaluated postoperatively at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. RESULTS: A total of 157 patients (157 eyes) were included in the study. Common causes of vitreous hemorrhage were branch retinal vein occlusion, retinal tear and age-related macular degeneration. Age-related macular degeneration and central retinal vein occlusion patients showed a poor visual prognosis. Lattice retinal degeneration or retinal tear in the opposite eye was observed in 27 patients and therefore, barrier laser was performed. CONCLUSIONS: The most common cause of spontaneous vitreous hemorrhage was retinal vein occlusion. Visual prognosis varied depending on the cause of disease, but significant vision improvement can be expected if the macula is not involved. Additionally, in some patients without evidence of retinal detachment on ultrasound, a possible retinal tear accompanied by localized retinal detachment should be considered.
Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Macular Degeneration ; Prognosis ; Retinal Degeneration ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinal Perforations ; Retinal Vein ; Retinal Vein Occlusion ; Ultrasonography ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy* ; Vitreous Hemorrhage*

PURPOSE: To measure and compare the ocular blood-flow velocity of ophthalmic artery in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC); affected eyes, asymptomatic fellow eyes, and CSC resolved eyes using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. METHODS: A total of 31 patients (age 20-52 years) with CSC were evaluated using power motion mode Doppler 150 digital transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. The peak systolic velocity (PSV), peak diastolic velocity (PDV), and resistance index (RI) were measured in the ophthalmic artery of both affected and asymptomatic fellow eyes. After 2 months, 23 patients with resolved serous retinal detachment underwent repeated measurement of the above hemodynamic indices. RESULTS: The PSV and PDV of the ophthalmic artery were 30.05 ± 5.34 cm/sec and 14.07 ± 2.90 cm/sec in affected eyes and 33.03 ± 2.00 cm/sec and 17.17 ± 2.76 cm/sec in asymptomatic fellow eyes, respectively. Both indices were significantly lower in affected eyes (p = 0.004, p < 0.001, respectively). The RI was 0.52 ± 0.08 in affected eyes and 0.43 ± 0.04 in fellow eyes, a significant difference (p < 0.001). After 2 months, in 23 eyes with resolved CSC, the PSV and PDV were 32.94 ± 6.24 cm/sec and 15.54 ± 2.88 cm/sec, respectively. Both indices were significantly higher than at baseline (p = 0.031, p = 0.045, respectively). However, RI was 0.48 ± 0.04 and was not significantly different (p = 0.073). CONCLUSIONS: The CSC-affected eyes showed lower ocular blood-flow velocity and higher RI than the asymptomatic fellow eyes. The ocular blood-flow velocity was increased as CSC was resolved. These findings provide insights into the ophthalmic arterial vascular factors related to the pathogenesis of CSC.
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy* ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Ophthalmic Artery ; Retinal Detachment ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial*

PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the accuracy of ultrasonography (US) in detecting retinal detachment in vitreous hemorrhage (V-HEMO). METHODS: A chart review of 81 patients (86 eyes) who have undergone pars plana vitrectomy in the treatment of V-HEMO between June 1996 and June 2004 was done. RESULTS: The most common cause of vitreous hemorrhaging was proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) (39 eyes, 45.3%), followed by ocular trauma (22 eyes, 25.6%). the correct anatomic position of the retina was identified with US in 72 of 86 eyes (83.7%), with eight false positives (9.3%) and six false negatives(7.9%). The sensitivity of US was calculated as 73% and specificity was 88%. US within the PDR group correctly identified 29 of 39 eyes (74.4%), and had a sensitivity of 62% and a specificity of 81%. US within the non-PDR group correctly identified 43 of 47 eyes (91.5%), and had a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 92%. CONCLUSIONS: It has been reported that US is an effective diagnostic tool in patients with media opacity, however physicians should bear in mind that US can be unreliable in some patients with PDR. Thus, caution is warranted in making diagnoses and determining the appropriated surgical procedure.
Diabetic Retinopathy ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Retina ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ultrasonography* ; Vitrectomy ; Vitreous Hemorrhage*

We analyzed 33 patients (39 eyes) who were surgically diagnosed as persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) with standardized B-scan ultrasonography. The eyes were evaluated for vitreous stalk or membrane, retrolental proliferation, retinal fold, vitreous opacity, and retinal detachment (64.1 %, 48.7 %, 15.4 %, 15.4 %, and 5.1 %, respectively) with the results. We classified these findings of PHPV into 5 types as follows, type 1: simple retinal fold or preretinal fold alone; type 2: retrolental proliferation alone; type 3: vitreous stalk or membrane; type 4: retrolental proliferation connected with vitreous stalk or membrane; type 5: complicated retinal detachment. The incidence of these types were 15.4%, 15.4%, 28.2 %, 33.3 %, and 5.1 %, respectively. Ultrasonographic findings would be used as a useful parameters to evaluate, document, and plan the management in PHPV.
Classification ; Humans ; Incidence ; Membranes ; Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous* ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinaldehyde ; Ultrasonography