BACKGROUNDIt is very common for professional divers to have damage on the retinas. Severe retinal lesions can profoundly affect athletes' training efficacy and their daily lives. At present, it is not clear if there is effective preventive action. Thus, in our study, we continuously tracked the ocular changes in athletes and closely monitored the risk factors associated with retinal detachment. Also, we analyzed possible interventions, their associated factors, and efficacies for timely preventions to protect the retina from damage in professional divers.

METHODSBetween 2009 and 2012, a total of 39 professional divers enrolled in follow-up management. The conducted examinations included ocular examination, record screening on retinal lesion, monitoring best-corrected visual acuity, and checking intraocular pressure (IOP) and the scope of retinal lesion. The management included optimizing training methods, taking customized follow-up based on different retinal lesions, laser treatments for definite cases of retinal tear, retinal degeneration caused by retinal layer thinning or vitreous traction, and observing the changes in the scope of retinopathy.

RESULTSEvery year, the percentage of divers who have various degrees of retinal lesions is between 43.3% and 56.2%. During the 4 years, there were no statistically significant differences in divers' best-corrected visual acuity and retinal lesions. There were also no statistically significant differences between male and female athletes. However, there were statistically significant differences in IOP during these years. Moreover there were statistically significant differences in IOP and the scope of retinal lesions between platform divers and springboard divers.

CONCLUSIONSOur management of retinal lesions could be effective to prevent severe retinopathy in professional divers. At the same time, platform divers are more likely to have retinal lesions than springboard divers.

Adolescent ; Diving ; injuries ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Retina ; pathology ; Retinal Detachment ; etiology ; Retinal Diseases ; therapy

Humans ; Panuveitis/etiology* ; Retinal Detachment/etiology* ; Typhoid Fever/diagnosis* ; Visual Acuity

Changes in the scotopic electroretinogram (ERG) and oscillatory potentials (Ops) were examined in patients who had rhegmatogenous retinal detachment within 3 days before and also at regular intervals after a successful reattachment operation. Electroretinograms were recorded in 38 patients (age 10 to 62 years) for the recent 5 year period. The amplitudes of the scotopic a-wave and b-wave in the detached eye were significantly decreased compared to the fellow normal eye preoperatively. Statistically significant differences were found between the preoperative and the postoperative recordings of the diseased eye. However, postoperative interocular differences in the amplitude of the a-wave between the reattached and normal fellow eye were not statistically significant. The amplitudes of the a-wave and b-wave were inversely related to the extent of the retinal detachment area, the duration of the detachment, and the extent of the buckles that were applied. Significant interocular differences in the b/a wave amplitude ratio and the Ops amplitude were observed. These results strongly suggest that the retinal function, even after successful reattachment surgery, might be compromised mainly by an inner retinal malfunction rather than from a photoreceptor dysfunction.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; *Electroretinography ; Human ; Middle Age ; Oscillometry ; Postoperative Period ; Retinal Detachment/etiology/*physiopathology/*surgery ; Retinal Perforations/*complications

BACKGROUNDIt was well known that tangential vitreoretinal traction and epiretinal membrane play important roles during the formation of macular hole (MH) associated with retinal detachment (RD) in highly myopic eyes. But it was not clear about the correlations between anteroposterior traction, posterior vitreous cortex (PVC) and MH-RD. The vitreous status in highly myopic eyes were analyzed to explore the effect of PVC in the role of MH-RD formation.

METHODSSixteen consecutive highly myopic eyes with RD due to MH were retrospectively analyzed from January 2009 to April 2009. The preoperative examinations for detecting posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) and vitreoretinal traction included B-mode ultrasonography and optical coherence tomography (OCT). The residual PVC and PVD were confirmed intraoperatively during triamcinolone acetonide (TA) assisted vitrectomy.

RESULTSUnder ultrasonography, the preoperative PVD patterns were stratified as: complete PVD in three (19%) eyes, partial PVD in eight (50%) eyes, and no PVD in five (31%) eyes. OCT confirmed vitreoretinal traction and no complete PVD in 10 (63%) eyes, including anteroposterior traction in four eyes and tangential traction in six eyes. During TA-assisted vitrectomy, it was confirmed that no complete PVD existed in 16 eyes, including six eyes (38%) finally diagnosed of partial PVD, and five (31%) eyes with vitreoschisis. Anteroposterior vitreoretinal traction around MH is always in conjunction with partial PVD (67%), and high proportion (80%) of vitreoschisis is associated with tangential vitreoretinal traction. Comparing with the precision of TA staining of PVD diagnosis, the coincidence rate of ultrasonography was 69% (P = 0.02), and that of OCT was 63% (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe residual PVC due to partial PVD or vitreoschisis may cause the anteroposterior or tangential traction of macular area, which contributes to the formation of MH and subsequent RD in highly myopic eyes. And it is necessary to realize the vitreoretinal relationship and assess the status of PVC synthetically for surgery by combined ultrasonography and OCT preoperatively and TA staining intraoperatively.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myopia ; physiopathology ; Retinal Detachment ; physiopathology ; Retinal Perforations ; etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Vitreous Detachment ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical manifestations of bullous retinal detachment and analyze the etiological factors.

METHODSA retrospective analysis of the clinical data was conducted in 22 patients with multifocal retinal pigment epitheliopathy (DRPE) and big bullous retinal detachment (BBRD), who were admitted between 2003 and 2008 in Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center with the diagnoses established by ocular fundus examination, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and/or indocyanine green angiography (ICGA).

RESULTSThe patients included 15 men (68%) and 7 women (32%), with a mean age at the initial visit of 42 years, ranging from 25 to 64 years. Four patients (18%) received previously systemic corticosteroid therapy, and 2 of them used corticosteroids before retina detachment, 1 suffered progression of retinal detachment after corticosteroid therapy, and the other developed retinal detachment in the healthy eye during the therapy. Multifocal bullous retinal detachment was diagnosed as diffuse pigment epitheliopathy (DRPE) in 9 cases. Most of the 13 cases of big bullous retinal detachment had poor vision after operation and laser therapy.

CONCLUSIONBullous retinal detachment occurs most frequently in mid-life and more often in men than women. Abnormal retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and hyperpermeability of the choroid vessels are associated with its occurrence. Systemic corticosteroid therapy and mental stress may induce and aggravate this disease. Early medication and laser therapy are effective, and surgical intervention may save only part of the vision in advanced cases.

Adult ; Female ; Fundus Oculi ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retinal Detachment ; diagnosis ; etiology ; pathology ; therapy ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: To report a case of acute angle-closure glaucoma resulting from spontaneous hemorrhagic retinal detachment. METHODS: An 81-year-old woman visited our emergency room for severe ocular pain and vision loss in her left eye. Her intraocular pressures (IOPs) were 14 mmHg in the right eye and 58 mmHg in the left eye. Her visual acuity was 0.4 in the right eye but she had no light perception in the left eye. The left anterior chamber depth was shallow and gonioscopy of the left eye showed a closed angle. In comparison, the right anterior chamber depth was normal and showed a wide, open angle. Computed tomography and ultrasonography demonstrated retinal detachment due to subretinal hemorrhage. After systemic and topical antiglaucoma medications failed to relieve her intractable severe ocular pain, she underwent enucleation. RESULTS: The ocular pathology specimen showed that a large subretinal hemorrhage caused retinal detachment and pushed displaced the lens-iris diaphragm, resulting in secondary angle-closure glaucoma. CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged anticoagulant therapy may cause hemorrhagic retinal detachment and secondary angle-closure glaucoma. If medical therapy fails to relieve pain or if there is suspicion of an intraocular tumor, enucleation should be considered as a therapeutic option.
Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Retinal Hemorrhage/*complications/pathology/radiography ; Retinal Detachment/*etiology/pathology/radiography ; Humans ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/*etiology/surgery ; Female ; Eye Enucleation ; Aged, 80 and over ; Acute Disease

No abstract available.
Choroid/pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ophthalmia, Sympathetic/*etiology/pathology ; Retina/pathology ; Retinal Detachment/surgery ; Vitrectomy/*adverse effects

No abstract available.
Choroid/pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ophthalmia, Sympathetic/*etiology/pathology ; Retina/pathology ; Retinal Detachment/surgery ; Vitrectomy/*adverse effects

Adolescent ; Adult ; Blast Injuries ; Cilia ; Eye Foreign Bodies ; complications ; Eyelashes ; Humans ; India ; Male ; Retinal Detachment ; etiology ; physiopathology

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Retinal Detachment ; etiology ; surgery ; Silicone Oils ; therapeutic use