1.A fast method to detect blood vessel in retinal image.
Bei TIAN ; Zhen-Guo CHEN ; Xue-Qian GUO ; Li-Li XU
Chinese Medical Journal 2013;126(10):1984-1986
Algorithms
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Blood Vessels
;
pathology
;
Diagnostic Imaging
;
methods
;
Humans
;
Retina
;
pathology
2.Through the eyes into the brain, using artificial intelligence.
Kanchalika SATHIANVICHITR ; Oriana LAMOUREUX ; Sakura NAKADA ; Zhiqun TANG ; Leopold SCHMETTERER ; Christopher CHEN ; Carol Y CHEUNG ; Raymond P NAJJAR ; Dan MILEA
Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 2023;52(2):88-95
INTRODUCTION:
Detection of neurological conditions is of high importance in the current context of increasingly ageing populations. Imaging of the retina and the optic nerve head represents a unique opportunity to detect brain diseases, but requires specific human expertise. We review the current outcomes of artificial intelligence (AI) methods applied to retinal imaging for the detection of neurological and neuro-ophthalmic conditions.
METHOD:
Current and emerging concepts related to the detection of neurological conditions, using AI-based investigations of the retina in patients with brain disease were examined and summarised.
RESULTS:
Papilloedema due to intracranial hypertension can be accurately identified with deep learning on standard retinal imaging at a human expert level. Emerging studies suggest that patients with Alzheimer's disease can be discriminated from cognitively normal individuals, using AI applied to retinal images.
CONCLUSION
Recent AI-based systems dedicated to scalable retinal imaging have opened new perspectives for the detection of brain conditions directly or indirectly affecting retinal structures. However, further validation and implementation studies are required to better understand their potential value in clinical practice.
Humans
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Artificial Intelligence
;
Brain/diagnostic imaging*
;
Retina
;
Optic Disk
;
Aging
3.Effect of acupuncture on retinal and choroidal thickness in patients with optic atrophy.
Mei-Qin HE ; Zhi-Yong LI ; Ping-Hui WEI ; Qing LI ; Guo-Ge HAN
Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion 2022;42(3):267-270
OBJECTIVE:
To observe the effect of acupuncture on visual acuity, intraocular pressure, visual field, retinal and choroidal thickness on optic disc and macular area in patients with optic atrophy.
METHODS:
A total of 33 patients with optic atrophy were treated with acupuncture. Acupuncture was given at Chengqi (ST 1), Shangjingming (Extra), Qiuhou (EX-HN 7) and Fengchi (GB 20) etc., 30 min each time, once a day, for 14 days. The visual acuity, intraocular pressure, visual field indexes (mean deviation [MD], pattern standard deviation [PSD] and visual field index [VFI]), optic disc retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, macular retinal thickness and choroidal thickness of optic disc and sub-foveal were compared before and after treatment.
RESULTS:
Compared before treatment, the visual acuity was increased (P<0.05), the MD value was decreased (P<0.05), the thickness of nerve fiber layer on the upper temporal side of optic disc was thinner (P<0.05), and the choroidal thickness of average, nasal side and lower temporal side of optic disc was increased (P<0.05). There was significant correlation between visual field MD and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in different quadrants before and after treatment (P<0.01).
CONCLUSION
Acupuncture could improve visual acuity, increase choroidal thickness in part of optic disc area in patients with optic atrophy.
Acupuncture Therapy
;
Humans
;
Optic Atrophy/therapy*
;
Optic Disk/diagnostic imaging*
;
Retina/diagnostic imaging*
;
Tomography, Optical Coherence
4.Automated Classification of Inherited Retinal Diseases in Optical Coherence Tomography Images Using Few-shot Learning.
Qi ZHAO ; Si Wei MAI ; Qian LI ; Guan Chong HUANG ; Ming Chen GAO ; Wen Li YANG ; Ge WANG ; Ya MA ; Lei LI ; Xiao Yan PENG
Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2023;36(5):431-440
OBJECTIVE:
To develop a few-shot learning (FSL) approach for classifying optical coherence tomography (OCT) images in patients with inherited retinal disorders (IRDs).
METHODS:
In this study, an FSL model based on a student-teacher learning framework was designed to classify images. 2,317 images from 189 participants were included. Of these, 1,126 images revealed IRDs, 533 were normal samples, and 658 were control samples.
RESULTS:
The FSL model achieved a total accuracy of 0.974-0.983, total sensitivity of 0.934-0.957, total specificity of 0.984-0.990, and total F1 score of 0.935-0.957, which were superior to the total accuracy of the baseline model of 0.943-0.954, total sensitivity of 0.866-0.886, total specificity of 0.962-0.971, and total F1 score of 0.859-0.885. The performance of most subclassifications also exhibited advantages. Moreover, the FSL model had a higher area under curves (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves in most subclassifications.
CONCLUSION
This study demonstrates the effective use of the FSL model for the classification of OCT images from patients with IRDs, normal, and control participants with a smaller volume of data. The general principle and similar network architectures can also be applied to other retinal diseases with a low prevalence.
Humans
;
Tomography, Optical Coherence
;
Deep Learning
;
Retinal Diseases/diagnostic imaging*
;
Retina/diagnostic imaging*
;
ROC Curve
5.Comparative study on retinal microvasculature changes between acute and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy.
Xiaogang WANG ; Jie ZHANG ; Renhe YU ; Liang ZHOU
Journal of Central South University(Medical Sciences) 2022;47(8):1075-1081
OBJECTIVES:
Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is generally a common fundus disease in young and middle-aged Asian men. Acute and chronic CSC can lead to different degrees of injury to the retinal blood flow. This study aims to observe and compare the blood flow density in different retinal capillary layers in patients with acute and chronic CSC using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) technology.
METHODS:
Twelve patients with acute CSC and 8 patients with chronic CSC including 12 eyes with acute CSC (acute CSC eye group), 11 eyes with chronic CSC (chronic CSC eye group), and 17 normal eyes (normal eye group) were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent 3 mm×3 mm, 6 mm×6 mm macular OCTA scanning. The retinal microvascu-lature was divided into superficial vascular complexes (SVC), intermediate capillary plexuses (ICP), and deep capillary plexuses (DCP) using the projection resolved-OCTA algorithm. Inner retina includes SVC, ICP, and DCP. The vessel density in each retinal layer and the inner retina were calculated and compared.
RESULTS:
Macular OCTA scanning of 3 mm×3 mm showed that there was no significant difference in blood flow density of SVC and ICP among the 3 groups (both P>0.05); blood flow density of DCP and inner retina in the chronic CSC eye group was significantly lower than that in the acute CSC eye group and the normal eye group (all P<0.05); there was no significant difference in retinal blood flow density of different layer between the acute CSC eye group and the normal eye group (all P>0.05). Macular OCTA scanning of 6 mm×6 mm showed that inner retinal blood flow density of the chronic CSC eye group was significantly lower than that of the acute CSC eye group and the normal eye group (both P<0.05); there was no significant difference in blood flow density of SVC among the 3 groups (P>0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The vessel density of DCP and inner retina in the eyes with chronic CSC are significantly reduced, which may result in impaired visual function. Therefore, we recommend that patients with acute CSC should be properly treated to avoid progressing into chronic CSC.
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy/diagnostic imaging*
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Fluorescein Angiography/methods*
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Humans
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Male
;
Microvessels/diagnostic imaging*
;
Middle Aged
;
Retina
;
Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods*
6.Phenotypic analysis and variant identification of a fetus with Joubert syndrome 17.
Yan ZHAO ; Yanhui ZHAO ; Yuan LYU ; Hong PANG
Chinese Journal of Medical Genetics 2021;38(9):841-844
OBJECTIVE:
To analyze the phenotype and genetic variant of a fetus with dysplasia of cerebellar vermis.
METHODS:
Gestational status and family history of the gravida was taken in combination with the imaging results of the fetus. Following elected abortion, fetal tissue and peripheral blood samples of the couple were collected for the extraction of genome DNA. Whole exome sequencing was carried out to screen potential variant associated with the phenotype of the proband. Specific PCR primers were designed to verify the results by Sanger sequencing.
RESULTS:
Prenatal ultrasound revealed that the fetal vermis cerebellum was poorly developed, which was similar to the previous pregnancy. Whole exome sequencing revealed that the fetus has carried compound heterozygous variants of the CPLANE1 gene, namely c.7978C>T and c.7169delT, which were respectively inherited from the husband and wife.
CONCLUSION
The c.7978C>T and c.7169delT compound heterozygous variants of the CPLANE1 gene probably underlay the dysplasia of cerebellar vermis in the fetus, which has provided a basis for genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis.
Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics*
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Cerebellum/diagnostic imaging*
;
Eye Abnormalities/genetics*
;
Female
;
Fetus
;
Humans
;
Kidney Diseases, Cystic
;
Mutation
;
Phenotype
;
Pregnancy
;
Retina/abnormalities*
7.Repeatability and Reproducibility of Quantitative Assessment of the Retinal Microvasculature Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Based on Optical Microangiography.
Qi ZHAO ; Wen Li YANG ; Xiao Na WANG ; Ruikang K WANG ; Qi Sheng YOU ; Zhong Di CHU ; Chen XIN ; Meng Yu ZHANG ; Dong Jun LI ; Zi Yang WANG ; Wei CHEN ; Yi Feng LI ; Rui CUI ; Lin SHEN ; Wen Bin WEI
Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2018;31(6):407-412
OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to determine the repeatability and reproducibility of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) based on optical microangiography (OMAG) measurements of macular vessels in normal eyes.
METHODSIn this prospective cohort study, 40 eyes of 40 healthy volunteers underwent repeated OCTA (Cirrus HD-OCT 5000 angiography system, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc.) scans on two separate visit days. On each visit day, the eyes were scanned three times. The following parameters were used to quantitatively describe the OCTA images of the superficial vascular network: vessel area density (VAD), vessel skeleton density (VSD), vessel diameter index (VDI), vessel perimeter index (VPI), vessel complexity index (VCI), flux, and foveal avascular zone (FAZ). Coefficient of variation (CV) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated for evaluating intravisit and intervisit repeatability, as well as interobserver reproducibility.
RESULTSThe measurements showed high repeatability [CVs ⪕ 4.2% (intravisit) and ⪕ 4.6% (intervisit)] and interobserver reproducibility (ICCs ⪖ 0.923) for all parameters.
CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrated good repeatability and reproducibility of OCTA based on OMAG for the measurement of superficial vessel parameters in normal eyes.
Adult ; Cohort Studies ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Female ; Fluorescein Angiography ; standards ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Male ; Microvessels ; diagnostic imaging ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Reproducibility of Results ; Retina ; diagnostic imaging ; Retinal Vessels ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; standards ; Young Adult
8.New Approach of Fundus Image Segmentation Evaluation Based on Topology Structure.
Hanwei SHENG ; Peishan DAI ; Zhihang LIU ; Miaoyun ZHANG-WEN ; Yali ZHAO ; Min FAN
Journal of Biomedical Engineering 2015;32(5):1100-1105
In view of the evaluation of fundus image segmentation, a new evaluation method was proposed to make up insufficiency of the traditional evaluation method which only considers the overlap of pixels and neglects topology structure of the retinal vessel. Mathematical morphology and thinning algorithm were used to obtain the retinal vascular topology structure. Then three features of retinal vessel, including mutual information, correlation coefficient and ratio of nodes, were calculated. The features of the thinned images taken as topology structure of blood vessel were used to evaluate retinal image segmentation. The manually-labeled images and their eroded ones of STARE database were used in the experiment. The result showed that these features, including mutual information, correlation coefficient and ratio of nodes, could be used to evaluate the segmentation quality of retinal vessel on fundus image through topology structure, and the algorithm was simple. The method is of significance to the supplement of traditional segmentation evaluation of retinal vessel on fundus image.
Algorithms
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Databases, Factual
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Diagnostic Imaging
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methods
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Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological
;
Fundus Oculi
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Humans
;
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
;
Retina
;
Retinal Vessels
;
anatomy & histology
10.Aicardi syndrome.
Paramdeep SINGH ; Jatinder Singh GORAYA ; Kavita SAGGAR ; Archana AHLUWALIA
Singapore medical journal 2012;53(7):e153-5
Aicardi syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental disease characterised by congenital chorioretinal lacunae, corpus callosum dysgenesis, seizures, polymicrogyria, cerebral callosum, chorioretinopathy and electroencephalogram abnormality. We present a case of Aicardi syndrome with callosal hypogenesis in a 4.5-month-old baby who presented with infantile spasms. Ophthalmoscopy revealed chorioretinal lacunae. The clinical and magnetic resonance imaging features were diagnostic of Aicardi syndrome.
Agenesis of Corpus Callosum
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diagnosis
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Aicardi Syndrome
;
diagnosis
;
Brain
;
diagnostic imaging
;
pathology
;
Choroid
;
abnormalities
;
Cornea
;
physiopathology
;
Female
;
Humans
;
Infant
;
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
;
methods
;
Malformations of Cortical Development
;
diagnosis
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Ophthalmoscopy
;
methods
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Radiography
;
Retina
;
abnormalities
;
Spasms, Infantile
;
diagnosis