Asthma ; epidemiology ; therapy ; Child ; China ; Humans ; Respiration Disorders ; therapy ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; therapy ; Sleep ; physiology

BACKGROUND: Ambient fine particle (PM METHODS: A time-stratified case-crossover design was used to analyze YLL from respiratory diseases in the elderly related to ambient PM RESULTS: Each 10 μg/m CONCLUSIONS Birth season which reflects the early-life PM
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Air Pollutants/analysis* ; Cause of Death ; China/epidemiology* ; Cross-Over Studies ; Environmental Exposure/analysis* ; Humans ; Life Expectancy ; Particulate Matter/analysis* ; Respiration Disorders/mortality* ; Seasons

BACKGROUND: International Labour Organization (ILO) report indicates more than 2.4 million workers die from work-related diseases and accidents each year. Work-related respiratory ailments related to airborne particulate matter such as flour dust are responsible for about 386,000 deaths and 6.6 million illness-adjusted life years. Even though exposure to flour dust together with the extreme expansions of flour mill sectors is a priority health concern, extent of the problem is little investigated in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the magnitude and risk factors of work-related respiratory symptoms among flour mill workers in Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia. METHODS: This study employed a comparative cross-sectional survey of 560 samples (280 exposed group from flour mill workers and 280 unexposed group from office workers) with a stratified random sampling technique. The study was conducted from March to April 2019 in Bahir Dar City, Northwest Ethiopia. We used the British Medical Research Council (BMRC) questionnaire to assess work-related respiratory symptoms. The questionnaire was pretested and interview administered to collect data. Binary logistic regression analysis was fitted to evaluate significant factors of respiratory symptoms at a < 0.05 p value. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a confidence interval (CI) of 95% was calculated to determine a strength of association. RESULTS: All the sampled participants had fully responded to the interview. The median age of exposed and unexposed groups was 28.5 interquartile range (IQR, 20) and 31 (IQR, 15) years, respectively. The prevalence of work-related respiratory symptoms among flour mill workers was substantially higher than that of among controls, 63.9% and 20.7%, respectively (Χ CONCLUSION Respiratory symptoms emanating from exposure to various flour dusts were significantly higher among flour mill workers than among the control group. Therefore, we recommend the need to effectively implement health and safety programs that account for the reduction of dust at a source, use of engineering controls (e.g., provision of adequate ventilation systems), use of administrative measures (e.g., training program and health surveillance) and provision of a suitable personal protective equipment (PPE). Furthermore, it is vital to integrate workplace health and safety programs to the wider public health policies and strategies to effectively mitigate the burden of work-related respiratory conditions. We also encourage future studies to evaluate concentration of flour dusts combined with physical examinations to establish plausible associations of respiratory symptoms with dusts of flour mill-related origin.
Adult ; Air Pollutants, Occupational/adverse effects* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dust ; Ethiopia/epidemiology* ; Female ; Flour ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Diseases/epidemiology* ; Particulate Matter/adverse effects* ; Prevalence ; Respiration Disorders/epidemiology* ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Workplace ; Young Adult

This study aimed to analyze trends in the 10 leading causes of death in Korea from 1983 to 2012. Death rates were derived from the Korean Statistics Information Service database and age-adjusted to the 2010 population. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to identify the points when statistically significant changes occurred in the trends. Between 1983 and 2012, the age-standardized death rate (ASR) from all causes decreased by 61.6% for men and 51.2% for women. ASRs from malignant neoplasms, diabetes mellitus, and transport accidents increased initially before decreasing. ASRs from hypertensive diseases, heart diseases, cerebrovascular diseases and diseases of the liver showed favorable trends (ASR % change: -94.4%, -53.8%, -76.0%, and -78.9% for men, and -77.1%, -36.5%, -67.8%, and -79.9% for women, respectively). ASRs from pneumonia decreased until the mid-1990s and thereafter increased. ASRs from intentional self-harm increased persistently since around 1990 (ASR % change: 122.0% for men and 217.4% for women). In conclusion, death rates from all causes in Korea decreased significantly in the last three decades except in the late 1990s. Despite the great strides made in the overall mortality, temporal trends varied widely by cause. Mortality trends for malignant neoplasms, diabetes mellitus, pneumonia and intentional self-harm were unfavorable.
Accidents, Traffic ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cardiovascular Diseases/*mortality ; Causality ; Cause of Death/*trends ; Comorbidity ; *Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Diseases/*mortality ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms/*mortality ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Respiration Disorders/*mortality ; Sex Distribution ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the mortality and death cause proportion of respiratory disease in China, 2004-2005.

METHODSData of representative district (160 spots of national disease surveillance system) from 2004-2005 the 3rd national retrospective sampling survey of death cause were used for presenting mortality experience of respiratory diseases during 2004-2005 in urban and rural districts, different regions and in population of different genders and age groups. The total person years were 142 660 482 and standardized death rates were calculated from census data in 2000 and each five-year was counted as an age group.

RESULTSThe crude death rate of respiratory disease in survey districts (2004-2005) was 100.12/100 000 (144 106 cases), the standardized death rate was 87.56/100 000. The crude death rate and standardized death rate in male were 106.49/100 000 (77 709 cases) and 104.52/100 000. Those in female were 95.27/100 000 (66 397 cases) and 72.96/100 000, respectively. The crude death rate and standardized death rate in urban area were 86.00/100 000 (41 193 cases) and 68.60/100 000. Those in rural area were 108.60/100 000 (102 913 cases) and 97.74/100 000, respectively. The crude death rate and standardized death rate in eastern region were 95.69/100 000 (50 293 cases) and 69.33/100 000, central region 88.61/100 000 (44 113 cases) and 87.38/100 000, western region 123.26/100 000 (49 700 cases) and 116.37/100 000, respectively. The crude death rate and standardized death rate of respiratory infectious were 12.40/100 000(17 688 cases) and 10.91/100 000, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 82.32/100 000 (117 440 cases) and 71.18/100 000, asthma 2.45/100 000 (3500 cases) and 2.14/100 000, bronchiectasis 0.25/100 000 (362 cases) and 0.22/100 000, pneumoconiosis 0.62/100 000 (878 cases) and 0.56/100 000. Death from COPD accounted for 81.49% of total respiratory death cases, infectious respiratory 12.27%, asthma 2.43%.

CONCLUSIONThe mortality of respiratory disease was greater in rural area than that in urban area in China during 2004-2005; greater in western region than that in eastern and central regions; greater in male than that in female. The mortality of COPD and its contribution to the total mortality of respiratory diseases were high.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Cause of Death ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Data Collection ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; mortality ; Respiration Disorders ; mortality ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult