1.Herbalogical study on olibanum(Ruxiang).
Zi-Han HUANG ; W U MENG-HUA ; Si-Min LUO ; Yu ZHOU ; Ying ZHANG ; M A ZHI-GUO ; Hui CAO
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2020;45(21):5296-5303
As a representative foreign medicinal material, olibanum(Ruxiang) was imported to China since the Qin and Han Dynasties. Olibanum was first described as a medicinal by the name "Xunluxiang" in Miscellaneous Records of Famous Physicians(Ming Yi Bie Lu). This study investigated historical records on olibanum and conducted the herbalogical study. It was found that olibanum came from the resin mainly obtained from the bark of Pistacia lenticus before the Tang Dynasty. With the prosperity of the Maritime Silk Road, instead, the resin obtained from the bark of Boswellia carterii was mainly used as olibanum. In ancient time, the oleo-gum-resin secreted from the cut bark was collected in spring and summer, and the quality was judged based on transparency and shape. The processing methods of olibanum went through many evolutions, which changed from simple methods such as grinding and frying to complex methods such as levigating and grinding with wine, and now to frying and processing with vinegar. The usage of olibanum included alchemy, folk and religious incense, bathing, cosmetic and medicinal since ancient times. From the Song Dynasty, olibanum had been mainly used as medicinal because of its good effect to treat wounds. In traditional Chinese medicine, olibanum unblocks menstruation, relieves pain and reduces swelling and generated muscles. The medicinal efficacy of olibanum is not much different from ancient to modern. Only the efficacy of replenishing energy and promoting the movement of Qi was rarely mentioned in modern reference. In this article, the historical evolutions of olibanum about original plants, processing and medicinal efficacy were sorted out. The results could provide historical basis for the further development and clinical utilization of olibanum.
China
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Drugs, Chinese Herbal
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Frankincense
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Medicine, Chinese Traditional
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Resins, Plant
2.Combination characteristics of frankincense and myrrh and progress and prospect of their combination efficacy and mechanism.
Shu-Lan SU ; Xiao-Dong MIAO ; Jia-Shang LI ; Li-Hui ZHAO ; Ruo-Ying FAN ; Er-Xin SHANG ; Yue ZHU ; Da-Wei QIAN ; Jin-Ao DUAN
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2022;47(21):5789-5796
Herbal pair is formed based on the experience summary of doctors' deep understanding and perception of the medicinal nature in long-term clinical practice. It gradually becomes the exquisite structural unit for preparing traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) prescriptions, and often plays a core bridge role in the prescription combination. Frankincense and myrrh are raw resin materials of incense abroad, which are subsequently included as Chinese medicinal herbs and endowed with rich medicinal connotation. With the functions of relaxing Zang-fu organs, activating blood and relieving pain, they have definite clinical efficacy. From the perspective of herbal description and clinical application, this study systematically analyzed the combination of frankincense and myrrh as well as their combination proportion, efficacy characterization, diseases and syndromes, effective components and action mechanism. On this basis, the focus of in-depth research of frankincense-myrrh and the application prospects were proposed, in order to further reveal the potential meditation law of this herbal pair, thus contributing to clinical practice and drug innovation of traditional Chinese medicine, and providing reference for understanding of TCM medicinal nature and research of herbal pairs.
Humans
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Frankincense/chemistry*
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Commiphora
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Resins, Plant/chemistry*
;
Medicine, Chinese Traditional
;
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use*
3.Research progress on anti-tumor effect of Chinese dragon's blood.
Ying-Ying TIAN ; Ai-Lin YANG ; Xiao-Nan CHEN ; Jia-Qi LI ; Lei-Meng-Yuan TANG ; Hui-Ming HUANG ; Ya-Xin LIU ; Hai-Ling QIU ; Li-Shan OUYANG ; Jun LI ; Peng-Fei TU ; Zhong-Dong HU
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2021;46(8):2037-2044
As a traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese dragon's blood has multiple effects, such as activating blood to remove blood stasis, softening and dispelling stagnation, astringent and hemostasis, clearing swelling and relieving pain, regulating menstruation and rectifying the blood, so it is called "an effective medicine of promoting blood circulation". It has been widely used clinically to treat a variety of diseases. With the further research on Chinese dragon's blood, its anti-tumor medicinal value is gradually emerging. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Chinese dragon's blood exerts anti-tumor effects mainly by inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, inducing DNA damage and cell cycle arrest, inducing senescence and autophagy of tumor cells, inhibiting metastasis and angiogenesis, as well as reversing multidrug resistance. This article focuses on the research progress on anti-tumor effects of Chinese dragon's blood extract and its chemical components, with a view to provide new references for the in-depth research and reasonable utilization of Chinese dragon's blood.
China
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Dracaena
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Female
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Plant Extracts
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Resins, Plant
4.Opacity and masking effect of the opaque shade composite resins.
Su Jung PARK ; Yun Chan HWANG ; Wonmann OH ; In Nam HWANG
Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2007;32(4):356-364
The purpose of this study was to assess the background color-interceptive ability and opacity of opaque shade composites (Universal composite, Filtek Z350, Charisma, Clearfil ST, Palpaque Estelite, Esthet-X, and Metafil Flo). Twenty four background specimens (diameter 5.5 mm, thickness 3.0 mm) with Root dentin Mustard (Bisco, Schaumburg, IL, USA) were made. The CIE L*a*b* value of background specimens was measured by a spectrophotometer (Spectrolino, GretagMacbeth, Regensdorf, Switzerland). Three specimens in every group were filled on the background specimens. The surface color of samples was measured by a spectrophotometer in 3.0 mm and every thickness to 0.5 mm while grinding. The color difference in the background color along with 3.0 mm specimen gauged the masking effect in each thickness while grinding and polishing. The opacity was calculated in 1 mm thick specimens. The opacity was in the decreasing order of Clearfil ST, Metafil Flo, Filtek Z350, Palpaque Estelite, Universal composite, Charisma, and Esthet-X (p < 0.05). As the thickness get reduced, L* value showed decreasing, a* increasing tendency. The surface color difference between pair of the 3.0 mm thick specimen and after grinding in same opaque resin was above 3.3 except Clearfil ST and Metafil Flo. The color difference (DeltaE*) between pair of background specimen and opaque resin builtup specimen showed more than 10.0 regardless kinds and thickness. The variance in opacity characteristics and color of the opaque composites is dependent upon manufacturer. When using the opaque resin, the optical properties of each material must be considered as well as cavity.
Composite Resins*
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Dentin
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Masks*
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Mustard Plant
5.One new cembranoid diterpene from gum resin of Boswellia carterii.
Hui XIA ; Chao-Chao WANG ; Rong-Ye WANG ; Nai-Yun LIANG ; Xin-Yu WANG ; Yue-Lin SONG ; Yun-Fang ZHAO ; Hui-Xia HUO ; Jun LI
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2021;46(9):2215-2219
This study aims to study the chemical components from the gum resin of Boswellia carterii. Five cembranoid diterpenes were isolated from the gum resin of B. carterii by various of column chromatographies including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified on the basis of physicochemical properties, mass spectrometry(MS), nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR), Ultraviolet(UV) and infrared(IR) spectroscopic data. These compounds were identified as(1S,2E,4R,5S,7E,11E)-4-methoxy-5-hydroxycembrane(1),(1R~*,4R~*,5E,8E,12E,15E)-4-hydroxycembra-5,8,12,15-tetraene(2), cembrene A(3),(3S,4S,7R)-4-hydroxycembrane(4), and pavidolide D(5). Compound 1 was a new compound. Compounds 2, 4, and 5 were obtained from the gum resin of B. carterii for the first time. Compound 2 showed weak inhibition on the human liver cancer cell line HepG2.
Boswellia
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Cell Line
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Diterpenes
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Humans
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Molecular Structure
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Resins, Plant
6.Analysis of bacterial community structure and diversity during mountain-agarwood formation.
Juan LIU ; Jia-Qi GAO ; Su-Yi-le CHEN ; Chao JIANG ; Yuan YUAN ; Shun-Gang JIAO ; Hu-Biao MENG ; Xing-Yun CHAI ; Lu-Qi HUANG
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2020;45(15):3651-3658
As an important substitute for agarwood, mountain-agarwood, belonging to the family Oleaceae, comes from the root, stem and thick branch of Syringa pinnatifolia, which has a wide range of application in Inner Mongolia, China. It has good clinical efficacy in the use of cardiovascular diseases. However, the formation speed of mountain-agarwood is extremely slow, and its cultivated seedlings have low resin content. Therefore, how to speed up the formation of mountain-agarwood and increase the resin content is a hot research topic in this field. In this work, 16 S rDNA amplicon sequencing method was used to systematically analyze the bacterial communities of different samples of mountain-agarwood. Our data revealed that the samples of mountain-agarwood had more obvious species diversity than the ones of non-mountain-agarwood, especially the wild mountain-agarwood samples. By analysis of bacterial community composition and species abundance, Sphingomonas, Modestobacter and unidentified Cyanobacteria genus were three dominant bacterial genera in all samples. In addition, there are two identified genera of dominant bacteria, namely Actinoplanes and Microbacterium in both wild and cultivated mountain-agarwood, by bacterial community composition and species richness analysis. Meanwhile, Roseomonas was the dominant bacterial genus in both wild and cultivated non-mountain-agarwood samples. Our work could provides basic data for exploring the mechanism of the mountain-agarwood formation, and help to exploit resource of endophytic bacteria reasonably.
Bacteria
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genetics
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China
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DNA, Ribosomal
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Resins, Plant
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Thymelaeaceae
7.Effects of chemical constituent in roots of Achyranthes Bidentata.
Jin-Gui LI ; Kui ZHU ; Wen-Ying GU ; Zong-Ping LIU
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2008;33(10):1161-1163
The difference of ingredients between the roots from the SP1 plants of Achyranthes Bidentata carried by satellite and the control's were evaluated in this study. The techniques of ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UVS), infrared spectroscopy (IR), Xray diffraction (XRD) and SDS-PAGE were used to analyse the chemical constituent in the root of A. bidentata. The results demonstrated that the UVS, IR, XRD and protein fingerprints of the roots from A. bidentata were distinct with special characters. The difference of the IR, XRD and protein fingerprints could be discriminated the satellite plants roots from those of the control, however, there were no difference of the UVS fingerprints between the satellite plants roots and the control. This indicated that the kinds of chemical ingredients were not different between the two groups, but the contents of some chemical ingredients deceased in SP1 plants of A. bidentata carried by satellite.
Achyranthes
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chemistry
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Drugs, Chinese Herbal
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chemistry
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Plant Roots
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chemistry
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Resins, Plant
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chemistry
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Space Flight
8.DNA barcoding identification of original plants of a rare medicinal material Resina Draconis and related Dracaena species.
Yue ZHANG ; Mei-Fang SONG ; Hai-Tao LI ; Hui-Fang SUN ; Zhong-Lian ZHANG
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2021;46(9):2173-2181
Resina Draconis, a rare and precious traditional medicine in China, is known as the "holy medicine for promoting blood circulation". According to the national drug standard, it's derived from the resin extracted from the wood of Dracaena cochinchinensis, a Liliaceae plant. In addition, a variety of Dracaena species all over the world can form red resins, and there is currently no molecular identification method that can efficiently identify the origin of Dracaena medicinal materials. In this study, seven species of Dracaena distributed in China were selected as the research objects. Four commonly used DNA barcodes(ITS2, matK, rbcL and psbA-trnH), and four highly variable regions(trnP-psaJ, psbK-psbI, trnT-trnL, clpP) in chloroplast genome were used to evaluate the identification efficiency of Dracaena species. The results showed that clpP sequence fragment could accurately identify seven species of Dracaena plants. However, due to the long sequence of clpP fragment, there were potential problems in the practical application process. We found that the combined fragment "psbK-psbI+ trnP-psaJ" can also be used for accurate molecular identification of the Resina Draconis origin plants and relative species of Dracaena, which were both relatively short sequences in the combined fragment, showing high success rates of amplification and sequencing. Therefore, the "psbK-psbI+ trnP-psaJ" combined fragment can be used as the DNA barcode fragments for molecular identification of Resina Dracon's origin plants and relative species of Dracaena. Research on the identification of Dracaena species, the results of this study can be used to accurately identify the original material of Resina Draconis, and providing effective means for identification, rational development and application of Resina Draconis base source.
China
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DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic
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DNA, Plant/genetics*
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Dracaena/genetics*
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Plants
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Resins, Plant
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Sequence Analysis, DNA
9.Recent advances in chemistry and biology of gamboge.
Jing YANG ; Li DING ; Wen-Yuan LIU ; Feng FENG ; Qing-Long GUO ; Qi-Dong YOU
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2013;38(1):19-25
Gamboge, the resin of Garcinia hanburyi has had a long history of use as the traditional dye as well as a complementary and alternative medicine. The antitumor activities of gamboge have been well demonstrated by inhibiting the growth and progression of cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. In order to further clarify the mode of action of gamboge, there are three key questions needed to be answered, including what's in gamboge? How do the chemical components from gamboge work on cancer cells? How do biological systems work on the chemical components from gamboge after administration? In this review, we summarize the explorations of the answers toward these questions according to the recent progress in both of chemistry and biology research of gamboge. In addition, the implication in the future research and discovery of the caged G. xanthones as anticancer agents is also discussed.
Animals
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Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic
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chemistry
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pharmacology
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Garcinia
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chemistry
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Humans
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Plant Extracts
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chemistry
;
pharmacology
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Resins, Plant
;
chemistry
;
pharmacology
10.The method and influencing factors of alkalescency protein purification from bitter melon (Momordica charantia) seeds by polyacrylicacid precipitation.
Hai-Hua ZHANG ; Qiao-Mei WANG ; Jia-Shu HU ; Fu-Dan TONG
Chinese Journal of Biotechnology 2007;23(4):735-740
In this study, polyacrylicacid precipitation alkalescence protein from Momordica charantia L. seeds was studied, and the effect of conditions on experiment was also evaluated. Isoelectric precipitation is achieved by adjusting the pH of a protein solution and is based on that a protein's solubility is at minimum at its pI. The sample was titrated to pH 6.0 with citric acid, and 14.62% proteins were precipitated. With hydrochloric acid to pH 4.0, 32.49% proteins were precipitated. With the acetic acid to pH 6.0 and pH 4.0, 26.17% and 38.72% proteins were precipitated, respectively. In the 1 mL Bitter melon seeds extraction(pH 4.0) adjusted by acetic acid, hydrochloric acid and citric acid, the optimum dosage of PAA (1%) precipiting alkalescency protein (pl 8.65-9.30) was 100 microL, 120 microL and 100 microL, respectively. The respective extraction (1mL) was titrated to pH 5.0, pH 4.0, and pH 3.0 by acetic acid. After isoelectric precipitation, the PAA precipitation protein was performed. When concentration of PAA (1%) was 160 microL/mL, the protein decreased in the supernatant was 33.77% at pH 5.0, and 43.56% at pH 3.0. When concentration of PAA (1%) was 120 microL/mL, the protein decreased in the supernatant was 30.83% at pH 4.0. PAA-Protein complex could redissolve in alkaline conditions (pH > 9.0) and the protein most easilly redissolved when the NaCL was 3.0%. The bitter melon seeds extraction after PAA purification flowed through the Sephadex G-75 columns. The peaks I and II were obtained after 175 min and 300 min, respectively. SDS-PAGE and IEF analysis showed that the molecule weight from peaks I was 30 kD with pI 9.5, peaks II 10 kD with pI 9.3.
Acrylic Resins
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chemistry
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Chemical Precipitation
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Momordica charantia
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chemistry
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Plant Extracts
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chemistry
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Plant Proteins
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chemistry
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isolation & purification
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Seeds
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chemistry