Objectives: This study aimed to measure the resilience level of non-medical personnel of the University of the Philippines Manila – Philippine General Hospital (UP-PGH) and determine whether this was associated with sociodemographic factors such as gender, length of service and job position. Methodology: A cross-sectional study that included non-medical personnel using convenience sampling via email was done. Data was obtained through the 14-item Resilience Scale (RS-14) as well as a sociodemographic factors questionnaire. Descriptive and non-parametric correlational analysis of data was used. Results: One hundred twenty five of the 153 respondents (81.70%) garnered a resilience score of 74-98 or moderate to high resilience level, while 28 or 18.30% had a resilience score corresponding to very low and on the low end. The mean resilience score was 81.8, corresponding to a moderate resilience level. More women than men had a resilience level of moderate to high. Respondents with greater than 5 years of work experience within the hospital had higher resilience levels than those who were less experienced. Moderate to high resilience levels were found in more administrative than non-administrative personnel. No significant association was found between resilience level and the factors analyzed. In terms of Resilience Core Characteristics, all comparisons between demographic factors of interest and Self-reliance, Purpose, Equanimity, Perseverance and Authenticity yielded insignificant results except for Self-reliance versus length of service, which showed a weak but significant relationship. Exploratory factor analysis found that the unidimensionality of the RS-14 Scale (US Version) still applied when administered to Filipinos in this particular population. Conclusion Majority of the non- medical personnel of the UP -PGH had moderate level of resilience. There was a lack of significant association between resilience level and demographic characteristics like age, length of service, and position in the study sample. In terms of Resilience Core Characteristics, comparison between length of service and self -reliance showed a weak but significant relationship.
Resilience, Psychological ; COVID -19

Background and Objective: Primary care nurses serve as the gatekeeper of the health system. They could be psychologically affected in times of health crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to assess their perceived anxiety, depression, and resilience while working in the rural health units in Samar Province. Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed involving 188 primary care nurses who were working in rural health units (RHUs) in Samar province. They were selected through stratified random sampling technique. Anxiety and depression levels were assessed using the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). Resilience level was assessed using 18-item Resilience Scale. Pearson’s r moment correlation and logistic regression analysis were used to determine associated factors with mental health. Results: Twenty (20) nurses experienced anxiety and five of them reported depression. Work experience is associated with depression [Exp(B) = 3.753; 95% CI (1.121 – 12.563)]. Overall, nurses reported high resilience level. Anxiety and depression are significantly and negatively associated with resilience. Conclusions Primary care nurses experience depression and anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic. Work experience is associated to their levels of depression. Moreover, nurses reported high levels of resilience. The higher the levels of anxiety and depression, the lower is their resilience.
anxiety ; depression ; resilience, psychological

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to construct and test a structural equation model of posttraumatic growth (PTG) of earthquake victims based on Tedeschi and Calhoun's model (2004). METHODS: Data were collected from 195 earthquake victims living in K. City. The exogenous variables include distress perception, resilience, and social support, and the endogenous variables include intrusive rumination, deliberate rumination, and posttraumatic growth. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and structural equation modeling were performed. RESULTS: The modified model showed a good fitness to the data. Moreover, 6 of the 9 paths of the final model were statistically significant, which include PTG affected by deliberate rumination (β=.58, p<.001), resilience (γ=.18, p=.001), and distress perception (γ=.20, p=.002). These predictors explain 51.8% of variance in posttraumatic growth. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to develop and disseminate preventive intervention programs to increase the resilience of earthquake-prone communities. In addition, after exposure to a community-scale traumatic event such as earthquake, we should provide social supports to alleviate distress perception and transition from intrusive rumination to deliberate rumination so that we can seek new meaning from the earthquake and facilitate posttraumatic growth.
Earthquakes ; Resilience, Psychological ; Statistics as Topic

PURPOSE: Resilience relates to coping with stressful hospital environment. The purpose of this study was to identify the types of resilience skills of clinical nurses for surviving in a hospital setting. METHODS: The Q methodology was used as it helps analyze the participants' subjective perspective on each item. Participants were 32 registered nurses who sorted 38 selected Q statements that were then plotted on a normal distribution using a 9-point scale. The subjective perspectives on the resilience of clinical nurses were analyzed using the PC-QUANAL program. RESULTS: This study revealed four types of resilience in clinical nurses, accounting for 65.2% of the variance: Type I: Reality-harmonic type; Type II: Own will type; Type III: Professionalism-oriented type; and Type IV: Relation-oriented type. CONCLUSION: The present findings suggest the need to develop interventions for improving clinical nurses' resilience according to their types. Following further investigation of nurses' resilience, it may be necessary for organizations to develop several resilience strategies.
Humans ; Methods ; Nurses ; Resilience, Psychological

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship among grit, academic resilience, and psychological well-being among nursing students. METHODS: The participants were 271 nursing students, enrolled in C university. Data were collected from September 5 to 30, 2016 and analyzed using descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression with the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. RESULTS: The mean scores for academic resilience were above average. The mean score for grit and psychological well-being presented an appropriate level. Psychological well-being in nursing students was significantly correlated with academic resilience (r=.65, p<.001) and grit (r=.52, p<.001). The significant predictors of psychological well-being for nursing students were academic resilience (β=.47, p<.001), grit (β=.26, p<.001), and major satisfaction (β=.20, p<.001) which explained 53.1% of the variance in psychological well-being. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that it is necessary to develop grit and academic resilience enhancement programs to improve the psychological well-being of nursing students.
Humans ; Nursing* ; Resilience, Psychological ; Students, Nursing*

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the mediating role of internet addiction in the association between psychological resilience and depressive symptoms. METHODS: 837 Korean university students completed a survey with items of demographic information, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Internet Addiction Test (IAT), and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in 2015. The complex associations among psychological resilience, internet addiction, and depressive symptoms were delineated using structural equation models. RESULTS: In the most parsimonious model, the total effect and indirect effect of resilience on depressive symptoms via internet addiction, were statistically significant. The goodness of fit of the measurement model was satisfactory with fit indices, normed fit index (NFI) of 0.990, non-normed fit index (NNFI) of 0.997, comparative fit index (CFI) of 0.998, root mean square error (RMSEA) of 0.018 (90%CI=0.001–0.034); and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) of -21.049. CONCLUSION: The association between psychological resilience and depressive symptoms was mediated by internet addiction in Korean university students. Enhancement of resilience programs could help prevent internet addiction and reduce the related depression risks.
Depression* ; Humans ; Internet* ; Negotiating* ; Resilience, Psychological

PURPOSE: The study was done to examine undergraduate student' suicidal ideation and to identify influences of individual characteristics including psychological resilience and self-control on suicidal ideation. METHODS: Data were collected from 400 students in 11 universities in D city from May 1 to June 30, 2011. Data were analyzed with t-test, one-way ANOVA and Pearson' correlation using SPSS 19.0. RESULTS: Of the students, 11.3% reported suicidal ideation levels higher than average. Woman students and those with high career anxiety, perceived poor health condition and bad relationships showed higher points on suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation was also negatively correlated with psychological resilience and self-control. CONCLUSION: Over 10.0% of students need careful attention on suicidal ideation, especially counselling service related to suicide prevention for students with poor health, high career anxiety, and bad relationships. Various programs should be developed to promote psychological resilience to improve health and relationships, as well as job guidance for students. It is also suggested the students' experiences be examined to determine how they overcame suicidal ideation.
Anxiety ; Female ; Humans ; Resilience, Psychological* ; Suicidal Ideation* ; Suicide

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors affecting resilience in nursing students. METHODS: A survey was conducted with 200 nursing students at a college and a university in P city and K city. Data were collected from March 1 to 20, 2017, and analyzed with SPSS PASW 22.0. RESULTS: In the hierarchical analysis, factors affecting resilience were emotional intelligence (β=.39, p<.001), psychological well-being (β=.31, p<.001), and self-esteem (β=.16, p=.010). The variable that had the highest impact was emotional intelligence and the explanation power of the regression model was 65%(F=34.40 p<.001). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicate that emotional intelligence, psychological well-being, and self-esteem are essential for resilience in nursing students. Thus, enhancing emotional intelligence and psychological well-being would be an effective strategy to improve resilience in nursing students.
Emotional Intelligence* ; Humans ; Nursing* ; Resilience, Psychological ; Students, Nursing*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in the states of anger, depression, resilience and self-esteem according to type of school violence involving elementary school students. METHODS: The participants were 257 elementary school students in the 4th, 5th and 6th grades. Data was collected by structured questionnaires, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi2-test, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients with the SPSS/WIN 20.0 program. RESULTS: There were significant differences among the states of anger (Fs=16.66, p<.001), depression (Fs=18.04, p<.001), resilience (F=12.77, p<.001) and self-esteem (F=10.39, p<.001) according to the type of school violence. Of all the groups, bully-victim exhibited the highest score for anger and depression, and the lowest score for resilience and self-esteem. CONCLUSION: Based on the findings, developing intervention programs that consider the psychological characteristics of elementary school students is necessary. Also, the results of this study suggest that integrative programs for students that can enhance resilience and self-esteem, such as self-discovery programs, and reduce anger, such as anger control programs, need to be developed.
Anger* ; Depression* ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Resilience, Psychological ; Violence*

Psychological resilience in children preventing them from being overwhelmed by traumatic events and nurture their healthy development is universal and powerful. Movies about fairy tales provide children with the notion of the existence of the power and various manifestations. Even though the traumatic event affects the development of the child, with a good supporting system and by providing healthy internal and external factors to reconstruct the event, the traumatized child may accept the event objectively, develop the healthier part of the ego, and even sublimate the traumatic events. As the children participate in movies or plays, several protectors can be devised. The child prepares the role under a "promise" of virtual reality, performs the role recognizing that the traumatic event is not real, and returns to real life as the role or play ends. When these protectors are provided, it is considered that resilience can function properly and the role does not have a negative influence on the development of a child.
Child ; Collodion ; Ego ; Humans ; Mercuric Chloride ; Resilience, Psychological