PURPOSE: This study aimed to develop a sexual rights awareness scale for female adults and to further examine the differences after educational sessions for sexual rights awareness with female adults. METHODS: Convenient sampling was employed to recruit 152 participants. A self administered questionnaire was developed to explore adult females' understanding of sexual rights awareness. In the next phase, education was provided over 3 consecutive sessions to 28 female university students. Factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha were performed in order to test validity and reliability of the educational sessions. The Wilcoxon rank test was used to identify the differences between pretesting of sexual rights awareness knowledge and post testing after educational sessions was provided. RESULTS: After conducting factor analysis, 5 factors explained 63.3% of the total variance, namely: I) sexuality education, II) prejudice & biasaberration, III) sexual satisfaction, IV) safe & equal sexuality, and V) sexual autonomy. A Cronbach's alpha of 17 items was 0.80. After the education sessions, there was a significant increase in sexual rights awareness. CONCLUSION: The Sexual rights awareness questionnaire is acceptable as a tool for measuring the level of education in studies. Future research should aim at conducting comparison studies of sexual rights awareness between sexes and cultural differences with larger populations which will further help to develop and to strengthen the rigor with in methodologies.
Adult ; Female ; Human Rights ; Humans ; Prejudice ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Reproducibility of Results ; Reproductive Rights ; Sex Education ; Sexuality

The World Association for Sexology (WAS) will adopt a Declaration of Sexual Right as basic and fundamental human lights August this year in Hong Kong. Two years ago WAS has been developing a declaration of Sexual Rights in order to further promote sexual health and protect the sexual rights of everyone. Undoubtedly sexuality is one of the most intriguing subject in the area of human behavior abd psychology, and has been so since antiquity. The influence of sexual factors of human on all aspects of the society has been immense. The varieties of marriage, from traditional to the open marriage model are presented in front of our sight. The influences of women's movement in Korea, which has produced sexual, psychological, economic, political, familial and social changes look so small and the changes are not that much in America. But the profound effects of the woman's movement affect on Korean society being realized as man's view of woman and woman's view of herself undergo constant change and revaluation. With increased sexual awareness on the part of the public owing to mass media, for example AH-U-SEONG aired in TV and with increased emphasis on sexual matters in daily life, more and more physicians are being asked to deal with and manage sex-related problems in thei daily practice. Yet, despite the obvious need for informed sexual counseling, doctors are often uncomfortable about sexual matters and many physicians have no special expertise in this area. So physicians concerned in sexology especially such as gynecologists, urologists, psychiatrists and endocrinologists must realize well about sex-related knowledge which is needed for counseling the patient as medical consumer and gap between reality and ideality in sexual diagnosis and treatment. Establishment of management system for the people who have sexual problems is strongly needed to promote sexual health and protect the sexual rights of everyone and for the Sexual Rights as basic and fundamental human rights.
Americas ; Counseling ; Diagnosis ; Female* ; Hong Kong ; Human Rights ; Humans ; Korea* ; Marriage ; Mass Media ; Psychiatry ; Psychology ; Reproductive Health ; Sexology* ; Sexuality ; Social Change

The application of new biotechnology has developed with tremendous speed, and DNA technology has created ethical problems related human right, such as early diagnosis, mass screening, prenatal diagnosis, carrier detection of genetic diseases, as well as prediction of genetic susceptibility to common diseases, which become more and more important on our social lives, using genetic counselling businesses, together with such preventive measure as prohibition of inbreeding and promotion of family planing in eugenic law, have been mostly effective. Recently medical assisted procreation, such as artificial conception has developed rapidly, and most recently, cloning embryo experiments reported, these application are still in early stages, and followed ethical debates in this new reproductive technologies. The most vexing ethical issues involve techniques with less obvious benefit to society and greater potential for abuse, therefore, this paper discussed the dangers and ethical problems related with human right such as the development of genome plane, employment, insurance, crime detection by DNA fingerprint, medical diagnosis and treatment by biotechnology, and the manipulation of gene also discussed.
Biotechnology ; Clone Cells ; Cloning, Organism ; Commerce ; Crime ; Diagnosis ; DNA ; DNA Fingerprinting ; Early Diagnosis ; Embryonic Structures ; Employment ; Ethics ; Fertilization ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genome ; Human Rights* ; Humans* ; Inbreeding ; Insurance ; Jurisprudence ; Mass Screening ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Reproductive Techniques

Sexual violence, by definition, means all kinds of the physical, emotional, or linguistic violence by means of sex on which one would never agree. In a broad sense, sexual violence could include sexual assault, molestation (also referred to as sexual abuse), and sexual harassment. Sexual assault is a substitute for rape used in media reports. Rape is an coerced sexual intercourse in which a man is putting his penis inside a woman's vagina by means of an act of violence and intimidation and a heinous crime which infringe on human rights of sexual self-determination, and freedom and tranquility of sexual life. Psychologically, it is important to be aware that rape is not a sexual behavior in common sense. It should be treated as an event in which one person violate another by means of sex. Many a serious rape is liable to be committed from the impure motive of sadistic ostentation of one' power and retributive exhibition of one's anger. The criminal object of rape is women and girls. Previously, as prescribed by law, interpretation of the law restricted the object of the crime to biological and genetical female who also is not rapist's wedded wife. But, the latest judicial precedent appreciated a person who is rapist's wedded wife as the object of the crime. Considering previous judicial precedents and the tendency of juridical interpretation on the minors of transgender, even a transgender female underwent sex exchange operation could be legally appreciated as the object of the crime. So, therefore, gynecologist who would initially confront rape victim in the field of medical practice should carry out one's medical and legal obligation, irrespective of whether or not the victim would be a biological and genetical female or a rapist's wedded wife or a transgender female underwent sex exchange operation. Especially, gynecologist should not judge whether rape is committed or not only by external wound. And, even if the victim and legal guardians would not want to accuse rapist on charges of rape at the moment, gynecologist should collect all the criminal evidences just in case an accusatorial procedure would be presented later on. Successful prosecution of rapist would be dependent upon the completion of the detailed forensic examination. Because of the legal ramifications of rape, consent should be obtained from the victim before taking the history, performing the physical examination, and collecting the criminal evidence. Many rape survivors would not inform their gynecologist of the assault voluntarily, unless they are directly asked. So, therefore, on getting a medical history, gynecologist should routinely ask their patients a question, "Has anyone ever coerced you to have sexual relations?". Actually, rape is severe and complex form of trauma which could bring about an excruciating damage on physical, psychological, and sexual health and, thereupon, might have an impact on the victim for the rest of one's days.
Anger ; Coitus ; Crime ; Criminals ; Fees and Charges ; Female ; Freedom ; Human Rights ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Legal Guardians ; Linguistics ; Male ; Penis ; Physical Examination ; Rape ; Reproductive Health ; Sex Offenses ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexual Harassment ; Spouses ; Survivors ; Vagina ; Violence