PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the types of female college students' personality-based contraception behavior. METHOD: A Q-methodology was used to identify factors in female college students' personality-based contraception behavior. The 32 selected Q-sample from each of 28 subjects were classified into a shape of normal distribution using a 9 point scale. The collected data was analyzed using a QUANL PC program. RESULT: Three types of contraception behavior of female college students were identified. Type I is corporate responsibility, Type II is self-protection type, Type III is perceived risk of pregnancy. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that sexual health education for contraception behavior promotion should focus characteristics influencing on contraception attitudes. Also, efficient contraception should be educated by continuous qualitative research based on contraceptive experiences of college students.
Contraception Behavior* ; Contraception* ; Education ; Female* ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Qualitative Research ; Reproductive Health

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of emergency contraceptive pill on adolescent sexuality and contraceptive behaviors through a meta - analysis of intervention studies on advance provision of emergency contraceptives. This study aimed to provide objective data on the transition of general medicines to be discussed in relation to the reclassification of emergency contraceptive pills. METHODS: Using electronic database, 1,820 studies written in Korean or English without limitation of the year were reviewed and for analysis, 5 studies were selected, in which emergency contraceptives were provided to adolescents. RESULTS: The advance provision of emergency contraceptives has increased their use and shortened the time it takes to take contraceptive pills after unprotected sex. There was no change in the frequency of engaging in sexual intercourse and unprotected sex or in existing contraceptive behavior, pregnancy rates decreased, but there was no increase in sexually transmitted infection. CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide objective grounds for the reclassification of emergency contraceptive pills and propose effective interventional programs on contraceptive education, such as on efficacy and side effects of the contraceptive drug and its proper use among the youth who engage in sexual activity, to improve their reproductive health.
Adolescent* ; Coitus ; Contraception Behavior ; Contraceptives, Postcoital* ; Education ; Emergencies* ; Humans ; Pregnancy Rate ; Reproductive Health ; Sexual Behavior* ; Sexuality ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; Unsafe Sex

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the history of exposure to obscene material, and examine sexual attitudes and intercourse experience in order to develop an effective program for university students. METHOD: The data were collected in May, 2012 from 385 students attending 3 universities in Korea. An independent t-test and ANOVA were used to determine the differences with regard to sexual attitudes and intercourse experience according to general characteristics and history of exposure to obscene material. RESULTS: Sexual attitudes significantly differed according to timing of first exposure to obscene material (p<.001). Intercourse experience was significantly different according to timing of first exposure to obscene material (p=.016) and type of exposure to obscene material (p=.032). There was a negative correlation between first exposure to obscene material and sexual attitudes (p<.001), and a positive correlation between first exposure to obscene material and intercourse experience (p=.017). CONCLUSION: Results of this study indicate that history of exposure to obscene material should be considered as an important variable in managing the sexual health of university students.
Humans ; Korea ; Reproductive Health ; Sexual Behavior

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify differences in contraception behavior and related factors between unmarried female and male. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey design with a convenient sampling was used. From Seoul, 107 women and 96 men were recruited. A structured questionnaire was self-administered from July 14, 2008 to September 2, 2008. RESULTS: The average ages of women and men were 26.9 and 27.8 years old, respectively. Fifty-six percent of women and 85.4% of men have experienced sexual intercourse. There were no differences between female and male in attitude toward contraception, subjective norm, and contraception behavior, while female had higher score of self-efficacy for contraception (p=.02) and intention of contraception (p=.02). There was positive correlation with subjective norm (r=.22, p<.05), self-efficacy (r=.53, p<.01) in male and attitude (r=.32, p<.05), self-efficacy (r=49, p<.01) in female. According to the result of multiple regression, the significant factor of contraception behavior was self-efficacy for both female (beta=.49, p=.00) and male (beta=.53, p=.00). CONCLUSION: To improve contraception behavior for unmarried female and male, it is necessary to develop proper sex education program to enhance self-efficacy for contraception. Adjusted education program by this result will contribute to increase sexual health for female and male.
Coitus ; Contraception ; Contraception Behavior ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Intention ; Male ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Reproductive Health ; Self Efficacy ; Sex Education ; Single Person

PURPOSE: This study examined the relationships between early menarche and sexual behaviors among Korean female adolescents. METHODS: We analyzed data from the eighth Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based survey that was conducted on female high school students in grades 10-12. The survey included 17,867 students, and 974 students were assigned to the early menarche group because they had experienced menarche when they were in grade four or below, and 16,893 students were assigned to the normal menarche group because they had experienced menarche during or after grade five. The characteristics of the sexual behaviors in the early menarche and normal menarche group were analyzed. RESULTS: The early menarche group was at a higher risk of intersexual kissing or petting (odds ratio [OR], 1.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28-1.87), intersexual intercourse (OR, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.65-3.36), homosexual kissing or petting (OR, 3.53; 95% CI, 2.22-5.59), homosexual intercourse (OR, 7.70; 95% CI, 4.04-14.66), being the victim (OR, 2.89; 95% CI, 1.98-4.22) or the assailant (OR, 13.55; 95% CI, 6.61-27.78) of sexual assaults, intercourse without any contraception (OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.06-3.46), and pregnancy (OR, 5.72; 95% CI, 2.31-14.15) than the normal menarche group. CONCLUSION: Early menarche is associated with risky sexual behaviors among adolescent females; therefore, developing comprehensive sexual health education programs and tools for early intervention are required for children who are expected to experience early menarche.
Adolescent* ; Child ; Contraception ; Early Intervention (Education) ; Education ; Female ; Female* ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Korea ; Menarche* ; Pregnancy ; Puberty, Precocious ; Reproductive Health ; Risk-Taking ; Sexual Behavior*

BACKGROUNDSexual and reproductive health among adolescents have become increasingly important and aroused international concerns. In this study, we investigate sexual knowledge, attitudes, sexual behaviors, the unwanted pregnancy and the abortion rate and to explore related determinants among college students in Beijing.

METHODSThis study is based on a cross-sectional survey of college students' knowledge, attitudes and behavior. Multistage cluster sampling was used to select subjects in Beijing. The self-questionnaire designed by our research group including general information, knowledge, attitude and behavior about sexuality was used to collect information. A total of 2003 questionnaires were collected from June to July 2010.

RESULTSThe data showed that most of the college students lacked knowledge about reproductive health. Only 17.9% of the respondents knew the appropriate time of abortion. Data also showed that the respondents had high-risk attitude about sex, 58.7% could accept premarital sex, and 29.7% had negative attitude towards contraception. Moreover, sexual activity of the respondents was active. Data showed that 18.5% of the respondents had had sexual activities. Significantly more boys than girls had sex (χ(2) = 73.374, P < 0.001). Among the boys and girls who reported sexual history, 43.1% of the boys had impregnated girlfriend and 49.3% of the girls among those people who have sex had unwanted pregnancies. Logistic regression analysis showed that the variables the gender (OR = 3.12, 95%CI: 2.39 - 4.11), grade (OR = 1.78, 95%CI: 1.40 - 2.26), specialty (OR = 1.35, 95%CI: 1.12 - 1.74), family situation (OR = 1.66, 95%CI: 1.15 - 2.38), score of knowledge (OR = 0.74, 95%CI: 0.58 - 0.95) and attitude to sex activity (OR = 0.09, 95%CI: 0.04 - 0.22) had a significant effect on having sexual behavior.

CONCLUSIONSCollege students lack knowledge and methods to avoid risky sexual behaviors in Beijing. College students have high-risk sexual attitude and behaviors. Therefore, suitable and effective sex health measures to protect college students would be strongly recommended.

Adolescent ; Adult ; China ; Contraception ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Reproductive Health ; Sex Characteristics ; Sexual Behavior ; Students ; Universities

OBJECTIVETo investigate how network education can improve college students' knowledge on sexual and reproductive health in Ningbo city.

METHODSFrom December 2012 to June 2013, we conducted a questionnaire investigation among college students in Ningbo city about the effects of network education on their knowledge about sexual psychology, sexual physiology, sexual ethics, and reproductive health.

RESULTSA total of 7 362 college students accomplished the investigation, of whom 2 483 (42.1% males and 57.9% females) received network education, while the other 4 879 (24.1% males and 75.9% females) did not. Approximately 47.1% of the male and 28.0% of the female students acquired sexual and reproductive knowledge via network education. Reproductive health-related network education significantly enriched the students' knowledge about the reproductive system and sex, pubertal development, sexual physiology, conception and embryonic development, methods of contraception, sexual psychology, sexually transmitted diseases and their prevention, pregnancy care and eugenics, and environment- and occupation-related reproductive health (P < 0.01). It also remarkably improved their cognitive attitude towards reproductive health knowledge (P < 0.01). Those who received reproductive health-related network education showed a significantly higher rate of masturbation (P < 0.01) but markedly later time of the first masturbation (P < 0.01) than those who did not.

CONCLUSIONNetwork education can enhance the effect of reproductive health education among college students and improve their sexual experience and health.

China ; Contraception ; Female ; Health Education ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Masturbation ; Pregnancy ; Reproduction ; Reproductive Health ; Sexual Behavior ; physiology ; psychology ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; Students ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Universities

With delayed childbearing and increased use of ovulation-stimulating drugs and assisted reproductive technologies (ART), the incidence of multiple pregnancies has increased dramatically in the past 20 years. One of the most common and serious complications of multiple pregnancies is preterm delivery. The delivery of the initial fetus in a multiple gestation usually is followed by the delivery of the subsequent fetus or fetuses shortly there after. However, a few successful delayed-interval deliveries have been reported since the first case in 1880 by Carson. Since that time, an interest in delayed-interval delivery has been developed and spurred by the increased prevalence of multiple gestations and preterm deliveries associated with these pregnancies. We report a case of a delayed-interval delivery in a twin pregnancy with an interval of 71 days. This case is the longest interval case and the fisrt delayed-interval delivery in monochorionic twin in Korea.
Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Multiple ; Pregnancy, Twin* ; Prevalence ; Reproductive Behavior ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted

The purpose of this review study is to evaluate sexual function and its effective factors in menopause. A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The key words of “menopause,” “postmenopause,” “postmenopausal,” “premenopause,” “pre-menopausal period,” “sexual function,” “sexual health,” “sexuality,” “sexual and gender disorders,” “sexual development,” “sexual dysfunction,” “sexual disorders,” “sexual behavior and “sexual activity” were used in combination with the Boolean operators OR and AND. After reviewing the selected articles, 27 papers were selected based on the criteria for entering the study and the goals set. The results of the reviewed articles showed that, in the physical domain, the factors affecting sexual function can be mentioned, age, hormonal changes, medical problems and reproductive history. Sexual disorders in menopause can be affected by some of the individual and social characteristics and psychological problems. Considering the fact that many psychological and social injuries occur in this period following sexual disorders; therefore, policies and programs for improving the quality of life of women in menopause should be aimed at eliminating sexual dysfunction, correcting attitudes and negative emotions and help to women for more comfortable in menopause.
Female ; Humans ; Menopause ; Quality of Life ; Reproductive Health ; Reproductive History ; Sexual Behavior ; Sociological Factors

PURPOSE: This study was examined the quality of the sexual life among married women in terms of the factor structure of Sexual Quality of Life(SQOL) and evaluated the predictive value of 11 variables for SQOL. METHOD: Two hundred and ninety-three married women completed the Korean version SQOL scale with information on age, education, length of marriage, family income, health, sexual knowledge, coital frequency, harmony with family members, levels of affection, and general and sexual communication. Data were analysed with principal components and regression analyses. RESULT: The SQOL scale had two clearly defined factors, Negative Quality of Sexual Life and Positive Quality of Sexual Life, on which all scale items were significantly loaded, accounting for 54.3% of the total variance. Independent regression analysis showed all variables except education to be significant predictors of SQOL with interpersonal variables (general and sexual communication, affection and harmony with family members) being the most powerful predictors. However when the 11 variables were combined together in stepwise analysis, only 6 variables (general communication, age, affection, coital frequency, sexual knowledge and health) were significant, accounting for 39% of the total variance. CONCLUSION: The Korean version SQOL scale is a good measure to tackle SQOL in married women. To enhance SQOL, strengthening interpersonal interaction focusing on general/sexual communication, affection and harmony with family members seems to be more important than sexual activities and personal characteristics.
Coitus ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Marriage ; Reproductive Health ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexuality