Objective:To investigate the characteristic and the hearing change of hearing thresholds of the infants failing in the hearing screening.Method:802 infants(1179 ears) with hearing screening record were reviewed in the study. They had hearing screened by otoacoustic emissions (OAE).However, they failed in the first or & and second hearing screening. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) , distortion product otoacoustic emissions(DPOAE) and acoustic immittance measurement were examined. Subjects with abnormal hearing-evaluation were retested during the following 1-3 months (before 6-month-old). To analysis the characteristic and the hearing change of hearing thresholds of the tests.Result:Among 802 cases(1179 ears),the ratio of single-ear(53.2%) is higher than both-ears(39.5%), P<0.05. And there are no significance between the two groups in the ration of severe abnormal hearing-evaluation ;25.8% infants once suffered from hypercholesterolenia failed in the hearing screening,which was higer than the other known risk factors.P＜0.05; Threatened abortion group has found no cases of severe hearing abnormalities; The ratio of severe abnormal hearing-evaluation in family history hearing loss group (40.9%) was higher than other high-risk factors, followed by two or more risk fators group(10.8%);56.9% of the infance who did not pass the hearing screening were found none risk factors, 42.3% of the infances who had high risk factors was normal hearing level;96 cases(138 ears) undergone twice assesement, in morderat disorder group, more cases(74.3%) changed better , and less disorder group(40.9%), severe disorder group (33.3%).Seven ears became worse; Among abnormal hearing induced by different high-risk factors, the proportion of hearing improvement in children with moderate abnormal hearing was higher than that in children with slight abnormal hearing. Ten cases(12 ears) diagnosised auditory neuropathy.Conclusion:The important factors make the follow-up decision incluing perinatal history,hearing level and age.Maybe some high-factors we did not realized. Gene screening should be paied more attention in the future work.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the audiologic characteristics of the children with cleft lip and/or palate. METHOD: Sixty-two children with cleft lip/palate were enrolled in the study. Tympanometry, DPOAE, ABR were tested in all the chidren. RESULT: Regarding the ABR threshold as the diagnostic criteria, 51 (41.13%) ears had hearing loss, mainly moderate. Sixty-three (59.43%) ears had abnormal tympanometry, which meant the disorder function of the middle ear. Twenty-six (56.52%) ears didn't pass the DPOAE. CONCLUSION The proportion of the hearingloss in the children with cleft lip/palate was large. There was a good coherence among the three objective examinations when assess the children with cleft lip/palate.
Audiometry ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cleft Lip ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Cleft Palate ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Postoperative Period

Objective To study the early diagnosis and treatment of the blunt popliteal artery injury without fracture or dislocation of the knee. Methods From March 1984 to November 2002, 11 cases of blunt popliteal artery injury without fracture or dislocation of the knee were diagnosed as earlier as possible based on clinical analysis including injury condition, clinical examination and Doppler-Duplex ultrasonography and treated with early repair of the injured arteries, intraoperative or postoperative anticoagulation, immediate fasciotomy and thorough debridement of the ischemic and necrotic muscules and soft tissue. Results There was one with amputation and two with slight dysfunction of the lower extremity, as did not affect normal daily lives. One case had serious dysfunction of the lower extremity due to thrombosis at the injured popliteal artery after first operation and had to receive second operation so as to remove thrombus and repair the popliteal by autograft of the saphena magna vein. However, there left severe function disorder of the extremities. Conclusion A rational and prompt diagnosis and treatment for blunt popliteal artery injury without fracture or dislocation of the knee will decrease the adverse effect of ischemia and reduce overall morbidity.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the auditory steady-state response (ASSR) test data of severe sensorineural hearing loss children with cochlear lesion and those with retrocochlear lesion and find some specific phenomena of retrocochlear lesion in ASSR, then to improve diagnostic accuracy in clinical practice. METHOD: Between 2008 to 2012. 96 children (179 ears) were diagnosed with "retrocochlear auditory nerve lesion" and recieved ASSR test (" retrocochlear lesion" group). Eighty-one (143 ears) the same age children (143 ears) were diagnosed as "cochlear auditory nerve lesion" and selected them as the "cochlear lesion" group. Twenty-six (50 ears) normal hearing children at the same age who had ASSR test records selected from the pediatric hearing center database of our hospital were selected as "normal control" group. Compare the difference of ASSR threshold, ASSR elicit rate and ASSR audiogram among the three groups. RESULT: (1) ASSR threshold: Compared each frequency threshold in ASSR test with cochlear.lesion group, the retrocochlear lesion group with wave V and wave I had no significant difference in 500 Hz and 1000 Hz but had significant difference in 2000 Hz and 4000 Hz. As for the retrocochlear lesion group without wave V and wave I, there was a decline in 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz and 4000 Hz compared with cochlear lesion group. (1) ASSR elicit rate: When compared to retrocochlear lesion group, the cochlear lesion group had a significance lower elicit rate in the four frequency. (3) Number of elicit reactions in ASSR test . In the retrocochlear lesion group, the elicit reactions in all the four frequency in ASSR test was significantly higher than ochlear lesion group. (4) ASSR audiogram type. The proportion of rising curve audiogram in retrocochlear lesion group was 26.83% (with wave I and wave V), 40% (with wave I and without wave V ) and 33.80% (without wave I and wave V). CONCLUTION (1) Children with a severe hearing loss in ABR test and a rise type audiogram in ASSR test should be most possibly considered as retrocochlear lesion. (2) ASSR threshold cannot be used in determinate the severity of hearing loss in children with retrocochlear lesion.
Auditory Threshold ; Child ; Cochlea ; pathology ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; diagnosis ; Hearing Tests ; Humans ; Labyrinth Diseases ; Vestibulocochlear Nerve Diseases ; diagnosis

Objective:To discuss the characteristics of auditory brainstem response in preterm very low birth weight (VLBW) babies and to investigate the correlations between the ABR and clinical characteristics. Method: Fifty-nine VLBW babies (118 ears) were enrolled in the study and 30 term normal babies as the control group. Tympanometry, acoustic reflex, DPOAE, ABR were obtained in all the babies. Result:The prevalence of hearing loss in VLBW babies was higher than normal term babies and babies with perinatal complications higher than those without perinatal complications. There was no correlations between ABR threshold and gestational age, birth weight, postconceptional age, negative correlations between wave Ⅰ,Ⅲ and Ⅴ latencies Ⅰ-Ⅲ ,Ⅲ-Ⅴ and Ⅰ-Ⅴ intervals and postconceptional age. Wave Ⅰ and Ⅴ latencies, Ⅰ-Ⅲ and Ⅲ-Ⅴ intervals differed significantly between the two groups. Conclusion:The perinatal complications were the most important causes of the hearing loss in preterm VLBW babies than the gestational age and birth weight. There was a high prevalence of peripheral hearing loss in the preterm VLBW babies. Combining OAE and automated ABR should be applied for hearing screening. Regular follow-up was very important in all the preterm VLBW neonatal.

OBJECTIVE: To study the characteristics of infants middle ear function of children (0-1 year old) with 226 Hz, 1000 Hz tympanometry. METHOD: Tympanometric data using 226 Hz, 1 000 Hz probe tones were gained from 150 children (300 ears) aged 0-1 year old with a GSI tympstar middle ear analyzer. All of them were term birth, divided into 5 groups of 30 patients, the neonatal period (0-28 days), 6 weeks (+/- 3 days), 3 months (+/- 6 d), 6 months (+/- 6 days), 7-12 months. To analyse the middle ear function of children with 226 Hz, 1000 Hz tympanometric data. RESULT: 226 Hz,1000 Hz probe tone tympanometric data were normal for the normal group, which respectively were: 76.7%, 80%, 86.7%, 90%, 93.3%. 226 Hz, 1000 Hz detection tympanometric data were not sound normal to abnormal group, the proportion in each group were: 13.3%, 8.3%, 5.0%, 3.3%, 1.6%. The contradiction between the two groups were divided into two subgroups: 226 Hz normal, 1000 Hz unusual in the proportion of each group were 6.7%, 6.7%, 5.0%, 3.3%, 1.6%; 1000 Hz normal, 226 Hz unusual in the proportion of each group were 5.0%, 5.0%, 3.3%, 3.3%, 3.3%. CONCLUSION The sensitivity and specificity of the 1000 Hz probe tone tympanometry was better.
Acoustic Impedance Tests ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Sensitivity and Specificity

OBJECTIVE: To compare the hearing test data of the profound hearing-impaired children with the hearing aids and with cochlear implants; to find out the useful method to measure the residual hearing. METHOD: Twenty-two profound hearing-impaired children participated in the study with complete set of hearing test and verbal rehabilitation file. Ten children fitted hearing aids and underwent verbal rehabilitation more than 3 months. Among the other 12 children with cochlear implants, 10 children fell in the same year range with the hearing aid patients. The children with hearing aids were divided into two groups according to the achievement of the verbal rehabilitation. ASSR threshold and pure- tone threshold were compared between the groups. RESULT: (1) ASSR test: 7 children (14 ears) with hearing aids achieved good verbal representation, in which ASSR threshold can be recorded on 2.71 frequency on average [(110.92 +/- 7.43) dB HL]. Among 3 children with hearing aids representing poor verbal achievement and 5 children with additional cochlear implant because of the poor verbal achievement with hearing aids, only 1.06 frequency had response of ASSR test [(110.88 +/- 48.52 ) dB HL]. (2) Pure tone audiometry: the average threshold of the 7 children with good representation was (96.11 +/- 7.81) dB HL, and the threshold on 3 frequency were less than 100 dB HL on average. The average threshold of the other 3 children with poor verbal achievement was (112.19 +/- 5.15) dB HL, and none of the frequency threshold was 100 dB HL. CONCLUSION The number of the frequency with the response of ASSR and the threshold < or =100 dB HL of pure tone audiometry is an effective indication of the useful residual hearing.
Audiometry, Pure-Tone ; methods ; Audiometry, Speech ; methods ; Child, Preschool ; Cochlear Implantation ; Cochlear Implants ; Female ; Hearing Aids ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; physiopathology ; rehabilitation ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristic and the hearing change of hearing thresholds of the infants failing in the hearing screening. METHOD: 802 infants (1,179 ears) with hearing screening record were reviewed in the study. They had hearing screened by otoacoustic emissions (OAE). However, they failed in the first or and second hearing screening. Auditory brainstem response (ABR), distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) and acoustic immittance measurement were examined. Subjects with abnormal hearing-evaluation were retested during the following 1-3 months (before 6-month-old). To analysis the characteristic and the hearing change of hearing thresholds of the tests. RESULT: Among 802 cases (1,179 ears), the ratio of single-ear (53.2%) is higher than both-ears (39.5%), P<0.05. And there are no significance between the two groups in the ration of severe abnormal hearing-evaluation; 25.8% infants once suffered from hypercholesterolemia failed in the hearing screening,which was higher than the other known risk factors. P<0.05; Threatened abortion group has found no cases of severe hearing abnormalities; The ratio of severe abnormal hearing-evaluation in family history hearing loss group (40.9%) was higher than other high-risk factors, followed by two or more risk factors group (10.8%); 56.9% of the infancy who did not pass the hearing screening were found none risk factors, 42.3% of the infancy who had high risk factors was normal hearing level; 96 cases (138 ears) undergone twice assessment, in moderate disorder group, more cases (74.3%) changed better, and less disorder group (40.9%), severe disorder group (33.3%). Seven ears became worse; Among abnormal hearing induced by different high-risk factors, the proportion of hearing improvement in children with moderate abnormal hearing was higher than that in children with slight abnormal hearing. Ten cases (12 ears) diagnosis auditory neuropathy. CONCLUSION The important factors make the follow-up decision including perinatal history, hearing level and age. Maybe some high-factors we did not realized. Gene screening should be paid more attention in the future work.
Auditory Threshold ; China ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; Female ; Hearing Disorders ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Neonatal Screening ; Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the characteristics of auditory brainstem response in preterm very low birth weight (VLBW) babies and to investigate the correlations between the ABR and clinical characteristics. METHOD: Fifty-nine VLBW babies (118 ears) were enrolled in the study and 30 term normal babies as the control group. Tympanometry, acoustic reflex, DPOAE, ABR were obtained in all the babies. RESULT: The prevalence of hearing loss in VLBW babies was higher than normal term babies and babies with perinatal complications higher than those without perinatal complications. There was no correlations between ABR threshold and gestational age, birth weight, postconceptional age, negative correlations between wave I, III and V latencies I - III, III - V and I - V intervals and postconceptional age. Wave I and V latencies, I - III and III - V intervals differed significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSION The perinatal complications were the most important causes of the hearing loss in preterm VLBW babies than the gestational age and birth weight. There was a high prevalence of peripheral hearing loss in the preterm VLBW babies. Combining OAE and automated ABR should be applied for hearing screening. Regular follow-up was very important in all the preterm VLBW neonatal.
Case-Control Studies ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight ; physiology ; Reflex, Acoustic

OBJECTIVE: To explore the inhaled allergen distribution of children with allergic rhinitis in Guangzhou area and to analyze the relevant factors. METHOD: Six hundred and twenty-six cases children in Guangzhou region diagnosed with allergic rhinitis from January 2009 to December 2011 in our outpatient department were tested with skin prick test (SPT). Ten of standardized common inhaled allergens were analysed. The variety of allergens positive rate was calculated. And the gender, age, living environment,history of asthma, eczema, history and family history of clinical data were analyzed. RESULT: The positive rate of SPT was 84.82% (531/626). The dust mites(76.36%) and the house dust mite(72.84%) have the highest positive rate, then the positive rate of the dog hair (11.98%), cat hair (7.03%) and Blattella germanica (4.31%) was degressively. The positive rate was significantly correlated with family history, history of eczema and asthma. The positive rate was correlated with the gender, independent of the living environment. The intensity of the test has no significant correlation with gender, and was significantly correlated with other factors. The positive rate of SPT has significant difference in ages and the highest positive rate of SPT was in the 10-14 age group, the SPT rate was 93.8%. Three groups have significant differences in the positive rate of mite, dog hair and cat hair. CONCLUSION The main inhaled allergen in children with allergic rhinitis in Guangzhou area tested by SPT was mite, dog hair and cat hair, respectively. The different ages, living environment, family history, history of eczema and allergic rhinitis children with asthma were related with the pathogenesis and development of AR in childhood. Our results have the contribution to early diagnosis and intervention of children with allergic rhinitis in Guangzhou area.
Adolescent ; Allergens ; analysis ; immunology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; epidemiology ; Skin Tests