Mandelic acid(MA). the hydrolysate of a compound extracted from the leaves of prunus Persica B, possesses a strong spermicidal effect in vitro. In this experiment. the International Planned Parenthood Federation screening method for spermicides was used. Dilutions of MA, between 0.8mg/ml and 3.3mg/ml, totally immobilized human spermatozoa in less than 1 min. When the lowest spermicidal concentrotions of MA and boric acid against human spermatozoa were compared, it was found that MA was 40 times more potent than boric acid.

Objective To develop a HPLC method for determining the content of riparsaponin in Homonoia riparia Lour.Methods The determination was performed on the HYPERSILBDS-C18(200 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m) with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water(75∶25) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min.The detection wavelength was set at 203 nm,the column temperature was 30 ℃,and the column pressure was 10.0 MPa.Results There was a good linear relationship for riparsaponin over the ranges of 5 to 500 ?g/ml(r=0.999 8).The average recovery was 99.44%,and RSD was 0.52%(n=15).Conclusion The method has good reproducibility and high precision.It can be applied in quality control of Homonoia riparia Lour.

In order to probe into the role of plasma glucagon in the pathogenesis of NIDDM, the concentrations of fasting blood glucose, serum insulin and plasma glucagon were assayed in 327 subjects with normal glucose tolerance (group Ⅰ), 25 patients with NIDDM (group Ⅱ) and 20 NIDDM patients treated with drugs (group Ⅲ). The levels of blood glucose, plasma glucagon and serum insulin in group Ⅱ were 9. 28?2.30 mmol/L,159. 55?34. 13ng/L and 15. 16?10. 79mIU/L respectively, and were significantly higher than those of group Ⅰ(4. 71?0. 64mmol/L,83.12?12.39ng/L and 10. 43?6. 86mIU/L respectively). The levels of blood glucose and plasma glucagon in group Ⅲ were 7. 15?2. 44 mmol/L and 124. 99?37. 23 ng/L respectively and were lower than those of group Ⅱ, no significant difference in serum insulin levels was noted. Correlation analysis showed that blood glucose had a positive linear correlation with plasma glucagon in the three groups (r=0. 8720,0. 9400,0. 8731,respectively, P

BACKGROUND:Lung injury can be induced after injection of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) into the vein of aging rats,and with the development of lung injury,the kidney function can be influenced.Ginkgo biloba extract(GBE) has some effects such as clearing the free radicals,improving hemorrheology,protecting the vascular endothelial cells and so on. OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether renal function damage is induced by acute lung injury(ALI) in aging rats so as to support the hypothesis that lung is the start-up organ in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in the elderly and the protective effect of GBE on it. DESIGN:Randomized controlled experimental trial based on the experimental animals. SETTING:Laboratory of Department of Pathophysiology,Institute of Basic Medical Science,Peking Union Medical College. MATERIALS:The study has been completed from May 2001 to January 2003 in the Laboratory of Department of Pathophysiology,Institute of Basic Medical Science,Peking Union Medical College.Thirty-six Wistar male rats were involved. INTERVENTIONS:For reproducing the mimic aging rats models,the rats were injected intraperitoneally,D-gal 50 mg/kg,once a day,for 6weeks totally,and randomly divided into 3 groups, namely: ①control group(saline ,intravenous injection);② LPS group( LPS,5 mg/kg intravenous injection) ③ GBE+LPS group (GBE was used 7 days prior to LPS,31 mg/kg ,once a day).Samples(blood,lung and kidney tissue) were collected at 2 or 6 hours after LPS or saline administration. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Contents of creatinine(Cr),blood urea nitrogen (BUN),lactic acid (LA),NO (its metabolite is NO2-/NO3-) and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde(MDA);and activities of glutathione peroxi-dase(GSH-Px) and Na+-K+-ATPase were measured. RESULTS:Compared with control group,there was obviously ALI at 2or 6 hours after LPS administration.Cr [(94.7±10.3) μmol/L]and BUN [(l1.4 1.9)mmol/L]contents in blood were increased significantly until 6 hours after LPS administration.In LPS group,MDA[(22.5 2.6) nmol/L]and NO2-/NO3-[(25.8 2.9) μmol/g] contents in blood and in lung tissue were all increased significantly at 2 hours.But GSH-PX [(355.145.0)μkat/g],Na+-K+-ATPase [(886.3 97.2) nkat/g] activities in lung tissue were decreased significantly at 2 hours after LPS administration.The above changes lasted for 6 hours.However,significant change did not occur until 6 hours after LPS administration in renal tissue.All the above changes were markedly attenuated by pretreatment of GBE. CONCLUSION:ALI was caused by LPS intravenous injection in aging rats.Renal function damage could be induced by ALI in aging rats.GBE showed a protective effect on ALI and renal function damage in this animal model.

AIM:To investigate whether renal function damage could be induced by acute lung injury(ALI)in aging rats. METHODS: 40 Wistar male rats were used for reproducing aging animal model. Aging rats were randomly divided into aging control; ALI group (Lipopolysaccharide, LPS, 5 mg/kg body weight, iv) and LPS group (same dosage LPS, intraventricle of left heart injection). The samples (blood, lung and kidney ) were collected at 2 or 6 hours after LPS or normal saline administration. RESULTS:Compared with aging control, in ALI group, creatinine (Cr) and urea nitrogen (BUN) contents in blood were increased significantly (all P

Objective To evaluate the result of manipulative reduction and percutaneous cannulated screws fixation for the triplane fracture of the distal tibia in children. Methods From September 2004 to March 2009, 15 cases of triplane fracture of the distal tibia were treated with manipulative reduction and percutaneous cannulated screws fixation. This study included 9 boys with an average age of 13.2 years (range, 12-14 years) and 6 girls with an average age of 12.4 years (range, 11-14 years). Preoperative diagnoses were confirmed by the X-ray films or CT examination. If plain radiographs showed the fracture gap of epiphysis board and articular surface were greater than 2 mm after closed reduction, the operation was needed. Under "C"-arm X-ray machine, anatomical reduction was achieved by manipulative reduction according to the bone fracture type. The fractures were fixed by percutaneous cannulated screw. Postoperative CT scanning confirmed anatomical reduction. All patients had been immobilized with cast for 8 weeks. The ankle joint function and growth were evaluated by modified Weber protocol. Results All patients were followed up for 15 to 68 months with an average of 26 months. There were excellent in 13 cases, good in 2 cases. X-ray films showed all fractures were healed. There were not bone bridge and uneven articular surface, or rotating and shortening deformity. All patients could participate in the normal physical activities. The 2 cases with good outcome were related to weight-bearing too early. The main problem was that pain occurred in ankle joint with excess activity. Conclusion The method of manipulative reduction and percutaneous cannulated screw fixation is relatively reliable treatment for closed triplane fractures of the distal tibia.

Objective To explore the role of MAPK and NF-?B in the increase of Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4) expression induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in pulmonary micro-vascular endothelial cells(PMVECs) of mouse.Methods PMVECs were isolated,cultured and exposed to the different concentration LPS at(2 h),and(100 ?g/L) LPS in different time.The concentration of TNF-? in culture supernatant was detected using ELISA.(Using) PD98059 inhibitor for ERK,SB203580 inhibitor for P38 MAPK and PDTC inhibitor for NF-?B pretreated(PMVECs).RT-PCR was used to detect the levels of TLR4 and TNF-? mRNA.Western-blot was used to detect the protein expression of nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-?B) P65 subunit and ERK / P38 MAPK in nuclear extract after LPS exposure for 6 h respectively.Results With the treatment of 50～(500 ng /mL) LPS for(2 h) or(100 ?g /L)(LPS exposure) in different time,the concentration of TNF-?in culture supernatant of PMVECs was increased by a time and dosage dependent style(P

Objective To investigate whether gingko biloba extract (GBE) have protective effect on acute lung injury(ALI)induced by Lipopolysaccharide ( LPS) in aging rats and renal function damage induced by ALI. Methods Male aging Wistar rats(36) were used in the study. LPS group (LPS, iv route, 5mg/kg body weight) and GBE+LPS group (GBE was given starting from 7 days before experiment, once a day oral administration). The blood, lung and kidney samples were collected at 2 or 6 hours after LPS or saline administration. Results Compared with the aging control, ALI was obviously observed in LPS group, blood creatinine and urea nitrogen were increased significantly from (68.7? 6.9) mol/L and (5.9?0.6) mmol/L to (94.7?10.3) mol/L and (11.4?1.9) mmol/L, respectively (P

Objective To evaluate the effect of greater trochanteric transfer for the treatment of coxa brevis in children and adolescents.Methods From August 2005 to January 2011,twenty patients (22 hips)with coxa brevis underwent greater trochanteric transfer.Among them 18 patients (20 hips) were available for evaluation,including 4 boys and 14 girls,with an average age of 11.4 years (range,7.5-15.0 years) at operation.Five cases (6 hips) were caused by Perthes disease,and 13 cases (14 hips) were caused by developmental dysplasia of hip.Four patients (4 hips) had undergone greater trochanteric epiphyseodesis ever before.All patients were fixed with tension screw after the deformity was corrected during the operation.After operation,the human plaster spica was used for 6 weeks in all patients.Results All patients were followed up for 14 to 79 months (average,31 months).At the last follow-up,fatigue or pain in the hips disappeared or improved in 13 patients.Sixteen patients had limping and positive Trendelenburg sign preoperatively,at the last follow-up 9 patients got improvement.Twelve patients (13 hips) had limitation of abduction of the hip,the average range of abduction was 25.38°±1.20°,which was improved to 45.38°±1.05° at the last follow-up.The average articulotrochanteric distance and ratio of the distance from the greater trochanter tip to femoral head center and the radius of the femoral head at the last follow-up was (17.47+3.14)mm and 2.10±0.21,respectively,there were statistical differences compared with those before operation [(-2.89±4.62) mm and 1.59±0.22,respectiovely].The average leg-length discrepancy at the last follow-up was (0.78t±0.26) cm,which had on statistical differences compared with that [(0.83 ±0.33) cm]before operation.Conclusion Greater trochanteric transfer for the treatment of coxa brevis in children and adolescents could improve the clinical symptom,recover the normal anatomy of the proximal femoral,restore the hip biomechanics environment,but could uot improve the leg-length discrepancy.

Influenza A/H1N1 virus-encoded nonstructural, or NS1, protein inhibits the 3'-end processing of cellular pre-mRNAs by binding the cellular protein: the 30-kDa subunit of CPSF (cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor, CPSF30). CPSF30 binding site of the NS1 protein is a potential target for the development of drugs against influenza A/H1N1 virus. A yeast two-hybrid screening system was constructed and used for screening Chinese medicines that inhibit the interaction of the A/H1N1 flu NS1 protein and human CPSF30 protein. The NS1 gene of A/H1N1 virus was amplified by consecutive polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the human CPSF30 gene of HeLa cell cloned by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Then the two gene fragments confirmed by sequencing were subcloned into the yeast expression vectors pGBKT7 and pGADT7, respectively. The two constructs, bait vector pGBKNS1 and prey vector pGADCPSF, were co-transformed into yeast AH109. The eight individual yeast colonies were picked and subjected to verification by PCR/gel electrophoresis. The inhibition of the NS1-CPSF30 interaction was allowed the identification of selective inhibitors. The four of more than thirty identified Chinese medicines, including 'Shuanghuanglian oral liquid', showed the strong inhibition of the NS1-CPSF30 interaction.