The present study showed that the dendritic spines were distributed not only on the dendrites, but also on the soma of the pyramidal cells in the visual cortex of the rabbit after treated with Golgi method. The somatic spines were found in contact with the axonal collaterals, which formed axo-somatic spine synapses. The findings suggested that the morphology and function of the spines in the cerebral cortex are rather complicated.

The present work has been studied the morphology and postnatal development of the synapses in the nucleus of the trapezoid body of mice and rats with the silver impregnation method of Golgi-Deineka for paraffin sections. Adult rats and mice and rats of 1, 7, 16, 18 and 30 days old were selected for study.The morphology of the synapses in the nucleus of the trapezoid body was described. The form and structure of the synapses in this nucleus are different from those in the other regions of the brain in that the soma of its neuron is surrounded by coarse fibers. According to the form and configuration of the synapses, besides a few boutons terminaux, the endings of the coarse fibers in the nucleus of the trapezoid body were divided into four types: network-like, loop-like, calyx-like and claw-like. The calyx-like and claw-like endings never have been found in the other parts of the central nervous system. The present results show that the calyces are present in the nucleus of the trapezoid body at either 12.14% (mouse) or 11.01% (rat) of the total number of synapses.Usually, a Held calyx is only in contact with one neuron around the cell body in the nucleus of the trapezoid body. The calyces have not fully differentiated at the early stage of the postnatal period. During 16～30 days of the postnatal development the calyces gradually developed. The postnatal develoment of the synapses in the nucleus of the trapezoid body, especially the morphological differentiation of Held calyces is closely related to the development of the auditory reflex.

The submicroscopic structure of the postsynaptic membrane and the snbsynaptic dense body in the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus of rat were studied. It was found that the subsynaptic dense body and postsynaptic membrane were connected by fine filaments. The subsynaptic dense body was closely related to the postsynaptic membrane and its submicroscopic configuration was complicated. In spite of the obvious differences existing between the subsynaptic dense bodies, nevertheless a typical one was described in this nucleus.It is of interest to note that most subsynaptic dense bodies were mainly encountered within the postsynaptic element of Gray's Type Ⅰ synapse, thus the authors postulated that the subsynaptic dense body would play an important role in the excitatory synapse.

1. The ultrastructure of the synapses in the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus of the rat has been studied with the electron microscope after fixation by glutaraldehyde-osmium tetroxide and double staining with urayl acetate and lead citrate.2. It was found that the morphological features of the synaptic vesicle are closely related to those of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of the axonal endings.3. On the basis of the facts that the size, form, distribution and arrangement of the synaptic vesicles are similar to the endoplasmic reticulum, it was assumed that both organoids are homologous structures.4. The synaptic vesicles may be mainly derived from the endoplasmic reticulum in tile axonal endings. An other possible way of their may be from the invagination of the surface membrane of the eudings.

Objective To apply Windows presentation foundation (WPF) to rapid access and report printing of medical data.Methods Data access was realized by abstracting database to form data structure through entity framework (EF) and mapping datasheet as attribute.Multipage printing was executed by using Flow Document Scroll Viewer as the container and putting contents into different paragraphs with the block element.Results EF of WPF decreased the frequency of database access by the program greatly,and the reaction speed of the program was increased significantly.Flow document could be used for data printing.Conclusion WPF enhances the efficiency of system development and the beauty of man-machine interface,and thus is worthy promoting for medical system and software development.

Objective:To investigate the existence of side population cells with the potency of stem cells in human gallbladder carcinoma cell line GBC-SD and the differences in ABCG2,Oct-4 and CD34 expression among SP cells,non-SP cells and GBC-SD cells.Methods:SP and non-SP cells were sorted from GBC-SD cells by fluorescence-activated cell sorting(FACS).The expression of ABCG2,Oct-4 and CD34 in SP cells,non-SP cells,and GBC-SD cells was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),Western blot,flow cytometry(FCM)and immunofluorescence chemistry.Results:SP cells with stem cell potency were isolated from GBC-SD cells with a proportion of(0.64±0.08)%.The metastatic ability of SP cells was obviously higher than that of non-SP cells and GBC-SD cells(P<0.05).The expression of ABCG2 was significantly higher in SP cells than in non-SP cells and GBC-SD cells[(89.56±3.86)%vs.(1.32±0.49)%and(12.37±1.61)%,P=0.001].The expression of Oct-4 in these cells was(94.87±1.40)%,(88.16±2.34)%and(90.17±1.61)%,respectively(P>0.05).CD34 was neady absent in these cells on protein level[(1.78±0.51)%vs.(0.63±0.21)%and(0.96±0.381)%,P>0.05)],but it was highly expressed in non-SP cells and GBC-SD cells and absent in SP cells off mRNA leve;.Conclusion:SP calls which hava the potency of stem cells,exist in human gallbladder carcinoma GBC-SD cell line and have the phenotype of ABCG2+Oct-4+CD34-.

Objective To investigate the ground glass appearance of solitary nodules of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma of the CT imaging features.Methods A retrospective analysis of 20 cases with pathologically proved with a ground glass appearance of solitary nodules of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma of the clinical and imaging data of CT.Results 20 cases of solitary nodules of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma without obvious clinical symptoms ;location:the upper lobe of the left lung in 10 cases,right upper lobectomy in 5 cases,3 cases of the right middle lobe,lower lobe of the left lung in 2 cases; all lesions were located at the lung periphery,both ground glass opacity nodules,14 of them patients with lesions of the peripheral see spiculation in 5 cases,vacuole sign,8 cases with air bronchogram,16 cases with pleural indentation,10 cases of vascular convergence sign etc..In 20 cases the lesion enhancement scan after the lesion showed no enhancement.In all cases,through the CT dynamic observation,no obvious change in lesion size,lesion slightly higher density,finally performed lobectomy pathologically diagnosed non mucoid alveolar cell carcinoma.Conclusion the ground glass appearance of solitary nodules of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma progress is slow,dynamic imaging observation helps to confirm the diagnosis.

Objective To determine the methods and effects of common bile duct(CBD) exploration and primary suture by laparoscopic procedure after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) . Methods After LC, 35 patients' CBD were explored.After hte CBD stone was removed by choledochofiberscopy completely and CBD stenosis was excluded, the CBD was sutured primarily. Results 32 cases of CBD gallstone were removed ,and 3 exploration were negative.All the 35 CBD were sutured primarily . Two patients occurred bile leakage 1～3 day after the operation ,which were cured by conservative therapy.29 patients were followed-up for 3～24 months,no residual stone or bile duct stricture was found. Conclusions Primary suture CBD is safe and effective in laparoscopic CBD exploration,if the patient selected correctly.

Objective To investigate the effect of integrin-?1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide(ASODN) on(human) pancreatic cancinoma transplanted subcutaneously in nude mice.Methods The models of human(pancreatic) cancinoma transplanted subcutaneously were established in nude mice,then divided randomly into 3 groups and different treatment was given respectively(control group,random oligodeoxynucleotide group and ASODN group).After treatment,the weight of nude mice and tumor volume were observed,and the tumor growth inhibitory rate and the tumor response rate were calculated.The expressions of integrin-?1 mRNA and protein in tumor tissue were determined by RT-PCR and Western-blot.Results The tumor growth inhibitory rate in the random oligodexynucleotide group and the ASODN group was 4.75% and 72.70%,respectively.The tumor decrease rate of the ASODN group was 10.91%.The expression level of integrin-?1 mRNA and protein was decreased in the ASODN group compared with other 2 control groups. Conclusions Our findings suggest that integrin-?1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides result in marked inhibition of human pancreatic(cancinoma) growth in nude mice.It may be a novel treatment approach for human pancreatic carcinoma.

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical efficacy differences on rheumatoid arthritis treated with acupoint application of(preparation ofmedicine), tender point herbal application and leflunomide.

METHODSNinety-six patients were randomized into an acupoint herbal application group, a tender point herbal application group and a leflunomide group, 32 cases in each one. In the acupoint herbal application group,paste was used at Dazhui (GV 14), Mingmen (GV 4), Zusanli (ST 36) and the local points on themeridians around the knee joint. In the tender point herbal application group, the self-preparedmedicine was used at tender points, 4 to 6 h each time, at the interval of 7 days. In the leflunomide group, leflunomide was applied for oral administration, 50 mg on each of the first 3 days, once a day; 20 mg each time 3 days later, once a day. The treatment for 1 month made one session in the three groups, and continuous three sessions of treatment were required. The clinical symptoms, laboratory indices such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), rheumatoid factor (RF) and the total score of symptoms were observed before and after treatment in the patients of three groups. The efficacy was evaluated in the 3 groups.

RESULTSThe total effective rate was 87.5% (28/32) in the acupoint herbal application group and was 90.6% (29/32) in the leflunomide group, better than 68.8% (22/32) in the tender point herbal application group (both<0.05). After treatment, the clinical symptoms, laboratory indices and the total score of symptoms were all improved as compared with those before treatment in the three groups (all<0.05). Among the three groups, the results of pain, swelling, tenderness and the total score of symptoms as well as ESR and RF in the acupoint herbal application group and the leflunomide group were all better than those in the tender point herbal application group (<0.05,<0.01). Blister and pruritus occurred in 2 cases in each of the acupoint herbal application group and the tender point herbal application group. Nausea and poor appetites in 2 cases, dizziness and lassitude in 1 case and skin rashes in 1 case occurred in the leflunomide group.

CONCLUSIONSThe improvements in the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and laboratory indices in the acupoint herbal application ofare better than those in the treatment with tender point herbal application. The efficacy of it is similar to that of leflunomide, without adverse reactions such as nausea, poor appetite, dizziness and lassitude.