AIM: To evaluate and compare subjective and objectively, the course of surgically induced dry eye following both phacoemulsification ( PKE ) and manual-small incision cataract surgery ( SlCS) procedure, and to analyze the result in terms of causative factors.
●METHODS:This single centre prospective study included 100 eyes of 100 patients randomly divided into two groups (Group 1, SlCS-50 patients; Group 2, PKE-50 patients), who underwent cataract surgery with intraocular lens ( lOL)-implantation from Jun. 2013 to Dec. 2014 for a period of one and half year by single surgeon. Ln all patients post operative course of dry eye were tabulated and assessed at 1, 4, 12wk, subjectively and objectively, and thereafter analyzed in terms of possible causative factors. Statistical data were calculated using SPSS 23. 0 Windows software.
RESULTS: There was no significant preoperative intergroup difference in subjective and objective dry eye test (DET) values (P>0. 05). Both the groups showed similar trend of persistently declining objective DET -values till at the end 12wk, as compared to their respective preoperative values (P<0. 05), although there were no significant intergroup changes seen throughout the postoperative period (P>0. 05). PKE seems to have better subjective DET-value at the end of 12wk.
●CONCLUSlON:Dry eye disease is inevitable following cataract surgery. Both PKE and SlCS, can affect the dry eye test values in almost similar manner post operatively till up to 12wk. Randomized multicentre trial with larger cohort and longer follow-up is warranted to substantiate our findings.

Albendazole ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Antiparasitic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Cellulitis ; parasitology ; Eyelid Diseases ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Ivermectin ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myiasis ; complications ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Wounds and Injuries ; complications

STUDY DESIGN: This was designed as a retrospective study. PURPOSE: We investigated the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and chronic lower back pain (LBP). OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: In spite of a large number of epidemiological surveys on the prevalence of LBP and BMD measurements completed separately in the general population, the relationship between the two has not been well documented. METHODS: The study included 171 patients with chronic LBP who underwent the BMD study. The control group was selected from our database regarding BMD without LBP. RESULTS: A total of 678 subjects, aged 18 to 100 years (mean, 49.9+/-12.9 years) were included in the study, 25% (n=171) of the subjects had LBP. Compared to those patients without LBP, patients exhibiting LBP had statistically significant lower mean weight, hip and spine BMD and T-score. Lower BMD and T-scores were significant regardless of the age group, gender, menopausal status, and obesity classification. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic LBP has a negative correlation with hip and spine bone mineral density.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Aged ; Bone Density ; Hip ; Humans ; Low Back Pain ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Obesity ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Spine

OBJECTIVETo present a detailed pharmacognostic study of the leaf of Cayratia trifolia (C. trifolia) Linn. (Vitaceae), an important plant in the Indian system of medicine.

METHODSThe macroscopy, microscopy, physiochemical analysis, preliminary testing, fluorescence analysis of powder of the plant and other WHO recommended methods for standardization were investigated.

RESULTSLeaves are trifoliolated with petioles (2-3 cm) long. Leaflets are ovate to oblong-ovate, (2-8 cm) long, (1.5-5 cm) wide, pointed at the tip. The leaf surface shows the anisocytic type stomata covered with guard cells followed by epidermis layer. Leaf surface contents including veins, vein islet and vein termination were also determined. Transverse section of leaf shows the epidermis layer followed by cuticle layer and vascular bandles (xylem and phloem). The mesophyll is differentiated into palisade and spongy parenchyma. Abundant covering trichomes emerge from the upper epidermis. Trichomes are uniseriate and multicellular. Strips of collenchyma are present below and upper layer of epidermis.

CONCLUSIONSIt can be concluded that the pharmacognostic profile of the C. trifolia is helpful in developing standards for quality, purity and sample identification.

India ; Pharmacognosy ; methods ; Plant Leaves ; anatomy & histology ; Vitaceae ; anatomy & histology

Pediatric glioblastoma (pGBM) is a rare entity accounting for only approximately 3% of all childhood brain tumors. Treatment guidelines for pGBM have been extrapolated from those in adult glioblastoma. Rarity of pGBM and underrepresentation of pediatric population in major studies precludes from defining the ideal treatment protocol for these patients. Maximum safe resection is performed in most of the cases followed by postoperative radiotherapy in children over 3 years of age. Benefit of temozolomide is unclear in these patients. Here, we present the clinicopathological details and outcome of six pGBM patients treated at our institute in 2018–2019.

Pediatric glioblastoma (pGBM) is a rare entity accounting for only approximately 3% of all childhood brain tumors. Treatment guidelines for pGBM have been extrapolated from those in adult glioblastoma. Rarity of pGBM and underrepresentation of pediatric population in major studies precludes from defining the ideal treatment protocol for these patients. Maximum safe resection is performed in most of the cases followed by postoperative radiotherapy in children over 3 years of age. Benefit of temozolomide is unclear in these patients. Here, we present the clinicopathological details and outcome of six pGBM patients treated at our institute in 2018–2019.